高質量AI架構師的“品格”

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"複合型AI架構師進階之路。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何成爲一名複合型的AI架構師？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當下，我們正處在火熱的第三次人工智能浪潮之中，深度學習的突破引領AI迎來了新一輪爆發。AI + 行業成爲新晉的風口，越來越多的企業尤其是傳統行業希望擁抱AI大潮，當AI技術不斷深入到各行業實際落地，企業的業務和設備面臨着架構升級的挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI 工程化的發展也催生了大量的人工智能工程師的需求，AI架構師就是其中需求頗爲旺盛的一類人才。與傳統的架構師相比，AI時代對架構師提出了更高的要求，AI工程師更講求綜合能力，既要懂系統又懂算法，還要懂業務場景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"成爲一名架構師或許不難，但要想進階成優秀乃至複合型的AI架構師就很難了。AI架構師是AI產業化落地催生的新型複合人才，需要具備對AI技術和開發應用流程的整體掌握能力、對業務問題進行技術抽象的能力和設計並實現高效合理的AI落地方案的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不少程序員每天可能大部分工作都是在鑽研業務，重複相同的方法論，卻很少涉及到底層設計、架構等核心算法。很多程序員提升技能往往是採取一些簡單的方法，如網上搜索，互相詢問等，但這些方法可能只是暫時的解決問題，很難深入構建起知識體系。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對複合型AI架構師緊缺的行業痛點，2019年，深度學習技術及應用國家工程實驗室與百度聯合發起了AICA首席AI架構師培養計劃。該計劃由百度及飛槳的頂級技術專家“坐鎮”，輸出百度在培養AI架構師方面的經驗，希望推動建立產業AI人才培養標準，幫助產業解決高端人才培養的難題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，AICA首席AI架構師培養計劃自啓動以來，經過四期，已向業界培養了190名AI架構師，遍佈數十個行業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，InfoQ在AICA首席AI架構師培養計劃第五期開學典禮現場瞭解到，第五期學員包括中國石油、國家電網、中國石化、霍尼韋爾、中國海油、法國電信、光大銀行、東方航空等企業的66位CTO及技術高管學員。其中，高級技術管理者佔比91%，500強企業學員佔比較往期提高一倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/5e\/5ea976847c36bcbd999d2720f61efd56.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第五期學員橫跨能源、製造、金融、互聯網、零售等13個行業領域，所屬的行業與場景呈現出更多元和前沿的特點，所關注的AI與業務的融合問題更加具體且深入。學員的背景經驗和能力模型向着更AI專業化、工程化方向的交叉融合擴展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據介紹，AICA首席AI架構師培養計劃的教學方案包含4次線下閉門核心課程、若干選修課程及活動，核心課程安排將由方案搭建-訓練調優-上線部署-方案落地的全鏈路四次課程組成，過程中將有百度資深專家與學員面對面交流，共同推動企業AI項目落地應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本期課程還增設“飛行助教”增速AI產業落地。飛行助教是從往期畢業的190名AI架構師中，結合專業技術能力、產業落地能力和項目影響力等綜合因素，邀請的10位已經畢業的優秀AI架構師。他們將在之後的四個月時間裏，爲學員不間斷地進行產業落地諮詢和技術指導。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，AICA首席AI架構師培養計劃還構建出了一套AI架構師成長體系，沉澱出了多個方法論，如《深度學習工程師技能圖譜》提供技術方面的學習指南，《AI架構師》白皮書匯聚百度自身架構師的經驗，側重闡明AI產業落地方法論，提出了新時代“業務+算法+架構”三位一體的AI架構師轉型路徑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨後，學員們正式開始了本期培養計劃的第一課《深度學習的再認識》，重新認識AI架構師與深度學習技術的關係，並從傳統AI技術、業務應用落地和AI的未來發展三個角度瞭解深度學習的價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/8f\/8fb9e64f40cd29c697c3b2b4d7182c43.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解，目前AICA首席AI架構師培養計劃第六期已經啓動"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/iwenjuan.baidu.com\/?code=q1b12y&user=InfoQ","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"報名"}]},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度吳甜：各行各業擁抱AI，人才建設要先行"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在開學典禮現場，百度集團副總裁、深度學習技術及應用國家工程實驗室副主任吳甜表示，深度學習技術推進了人工智能的突破發展，一方面帶來了人工智能技術本身的突破，另一方面也更加向"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"通用化和應用型"},{"type":"text","text":"發展，大量的技術已經和產業中的場景應用進行結合。此外，現在正處於百年變局和世紀疫情的焦點處，數字化、信息化、網絡化、智能化正在加速進行，產業也正在全面進入到數字化轉型和智能化升級的浪潮當中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/b3\/b3bf45b4587257e20905e427258041a3.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度集團副總裁、深度學習技術及應用國家工程實驗室副主任吳甜"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能底層通用技術具有強複用性，在與場景進行結合的時候往往需要多技術進行融合。而在真正的應用落地產生價值的過程當中，又非常需要產業鏈多角色、生態多角色進行融合創新。正是因爲這些特點，使得通用共性平臺是非常可行，也是非常有必要性的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在人工智能底層通用技術方面，百度提出了產業級深度學習平臺 — 飛槳。伴隨着算力的發展，數據的大規模使用，飛槳平臺向下與芯片相關，向上承接應用，是一個基礎的底座平臺，可以基於底層飛槳平臺的技術進行AI技術的創新，並最終爲應用場景帶來助力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吳甜表示，各行各業擁抱AI，人才建設需要先行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在落地應用過程當中，百度發現，急需發展和建設起來的是能夠集業務理解、技術理解和工程實踐落地三位一體的複合型AI人才，這也是AICA首席AI架構師項目核心培養人才的定位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“我們希望通過將飛槳平臺上的技術資源、落地應用的實踐經驗以及飛槳上的生態賦能資源統籌起來，爲大家提供基礎的平臺和環境，能夠在AICA的項目當中學習如何將深度學習技術和自己的應用場景越來越深度的結合起來”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"吳甜希望學員學習理解技術的本質和能力邊界，將其用於解決真實場景中的真實問題，在實踐過程中積累經驗和提升能力。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"人工智能時代下的AI架構師應當是複合型人才"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"百度深度學習技術平臺部高級總監馬豔軍對人工智能時代下的AI架構師進行了深入解讀。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能大潮之下，現在各行各業都已經投身到人工智能的大規模應用和廣泛的落地當中去，現在AI各類技術已在產品中大規模使用，隨着技術的持續發展，人工智能技術在各行各業，大家都已經開始感受到了它的存在，甚至有時候雖然每天使用，但人們忘記了它是一個人工智能的產品，這就是人工智能在生活場景的應用給人們帶來的價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI在各行各業大規模的落地應用過程中，一個非常關鍵的角色就是AI架構師。馬豔軍表示，百度認爲，AI產業化落地催生的新型複合型人才。前面的界定非常重要，它應當是AI在大規模產業落地當中所需要的人才。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“原來的學術研究，我們做AI科研已經做了很多年了，現在學校裏也在培養大量的學生，這個培養的目標和我們AICA培養的目標是不同的。我們是要解決AI產業化落地面臨的挑戰而培養的角色，這是角色定位”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI架構師是AI產業化落地催生的新型複合人才。那麼，怎樣纔算是“複合”人才？馬豔軍介紹，這裏涉及到三個要素的複合，這三個要素髮生化學反應，會塑造出複合型的AI架構師："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，對業務本身的深刻理解。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"真正在行業裏接觸真實場景，深入理解對於場景的目標和價值如何實現，如果做不到這一點，便沒辦法讓AI爲自己所在的行業帶來價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，對AI技術或者偏AI算法方面技術的理解。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算法就是要把一個問題做形式化定義，並且求解。一個業務問題能不能變成一個算法可以解決的問題？這是算法的一些基本知識，尤其對AI算法的基本知識要有非常深入的理解，知道什麼樣的算法能匹配自己的業務場景，能解決到什麼程度，能夠實事求是形成一個判斷。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，單純形成了理念或者心裏有數了還不行，能不能把它真正做出來？"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們常常看到在AI的實踐當中，理論上常常是能夠證明的，但真正在落地實踐的過程中，有非常多的實踐經驗，這些實踐經驗直接決定了落地能不能成功。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣一來，工程架構、工程化實現方案的設計就顯得至關重要。比如，你做了一個算法，但它特別慢，已經慢到了沒有辦法真正實際場景中應用，這其實是沒價值的。或者，你做了一個算法，它的計算代價極其高，需要一千臺GPU訓練，再進行很多臺的部署。這種情況下，可能企業沒辦法承受成本，這就需要一個非常合理的工程架構實現在其中解決問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上三個方面融通起來發生的化學反應就是我們所認爲的的複合型人才，即以業務理解爲核心，掌握AI技術，尤其是算法相關的技術，以及做到全過程的掌握，通過一個合理的工程架構進行合理的設計和實施。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以上三個方面全面掌握以後，就形成了AI架構師的綜合素質，即對技術團隊有很強的AI技術影響力，也能從整體上構建以AI爲核心的技術體系，充分發揮AI技術對業務的助力作用。"}]}]}