阿里巴巴提出“好科技”：技術如何真正服務社會

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前數字技術正以新理念、新業態、新模式全面融入人類生產生活，帶來廣泛而深刻的影響。技術不止是滿足對未來的好奇心，更要真正解決人類和社會重大的問題。2021年10月21日，InfoQ 聯合阿里巴巴CTO辦公室共同舉辦技術＆可持續發展論壇，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#171a1d","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"阿里巴巴集團CTO程立和多位專家"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一起深度探討了關於技術如何助力社會可持續發展、如何爲人類創造更好的未來的話題"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"極客邦科技創始人兼CEO、TGO 鯤鵬會發起人霍太穩作爲全場主持，在開場時提到，去年九月，我國提出 2030 年實現\"碳達峯\"與 2060 年實現\"碳中和\"的目標。相應的，整個產業界圍繞\"碳達峯\"、\"碳中和\"開展的可持續發展建設計劃，也在快速落地。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如何讓我們的星球變得更加美好，讓人類文明更加健康可持續，是當下很多人的課題之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"阿里巴巴相信並正在踐行的“好科技”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"阿里巴巴集團首席技術官程立在主題爲《科技創新和未來生活》的分享中提到，隨着阿里巴巴的科技、業務、平臺持續發展，一方面要深耕自立自強的高科技，同時持續踐行“人人受益、責任擔當、開放共享”的好科技。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"好科技"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，程立也從三方面解釋其含義："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，人人受益，科技應該從人出發，從人的需要出發，以人爲本，爲人服務；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，責任擔當。科技必須能夠承擔起對未來的責任，承擔起對整個全人類的責任；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，開放共享。需要靠大家共同的努力，搭建一個真正開放的、科學的平臺，開放的生產力的平臺，開放的創新平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"基於此，程立也分享了阿里目前在這三方面的具體內容："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在圍繞“人”方面，針對聽障人羣溝通難的問題，達摩院正在研發虛擬數字人小莫，讓機器產生手語、生成手語，同時還能讓機器讀懂手語，未來機器可以成爲健聽人羣和聽障人羣之間的一個溝通橋樑。其次，目前中國60歲及以上老人有2.64億，在2.64億老年人裏面有1507萬或多或少地出現了老年癡呆的症狀，達摩院的一些團隊正在嘗試通過人工智能技術幫助進行老年癡呆的及早發現和干預，嘗試把原來靠人工詢問、判斷的問題逐步通過機器來做到。另外，阿里還在推動如何讓數字服務不產生數字鴻溝，目前，阿里巴巴12款APP加入了無障礙行動，確保發佈後能滿足無障礙的要求，讓每個人都平等享受技術帶來的紅利，每個重要的產品淘寶、高德、餓了麼都發布了長輩版。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在探討科技解決未來方面，阿里也有一些重要方向的實踐：第一，AI earth 做了三年，持續在探索如何用數字技術解決包括環境、氣象、水利、農業的問題；第二，在全社會關注的雙碳大目標下，技術如何發揮更大作用？今年阿里巴巴內部直接提出了低碳的目標，還成立了專門的項目來做這件事情，對單位的交易筆數，對交易的GMV碳排放是多少提出了目標；第三，目前手機等數字成員們與人類的關係越來越密切，未來如何讓我們的數字夥伴們變得更加可靠、可信、可用。阿里巴巴專門成立了人工智能治理和可持續發展實驗室持續研究這些問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"未來，全社會的技術創新需要更加公開的基礎科研、開放的創新平臺、全球的協作以及科技價值的牽引。在開放共享方面，阿里希望和全社會共同努力，通過開源的方式，共同讓科技變得更好，讓人們的生活變得更好。也希望人才培養和科技普惠能夠助力解決鄉村振興的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"數字技術應對自然災害"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在論壇上，更多專家學者和行業精英也在思考技術如何更好地爲整個人類社會服務。在本次論壇上，南京大學大氣科學學院教授、博士生導師雷荔傈就《數字氣象技術助力氣象防災減災》演講爲大家帶來了數字技術如何應對自然災害。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雷教授對目前氣候變化進行分析，指出氣候變化帶來一些問題：第一，極端天氣事件發生概率進一步增加，第二，氣候變化加劇荒漠化、土地退化和糧食安全風險。如今來看，我們在數值天氣預報上依舊面臨諸多挑戰，但也窺見了其未來發展的幾個方面：天氣科學、數值模式、觀測技術、同化系統、高性能計算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一方面我們身處大數據時代，對於大氣科學而言，觀測數據已實現量級增長，模式輸出量也大大增加。同時我們迎來機器學習的爆發，機器學習無論在數值模式、數據通化、觀測信息上面都發揮了重要作用。這裏，雷教授也舉了一個相關案例：降水短臨預報，AI 的加入有效地延長了預報時效，優化了預報結構、範圍和精度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"基於大數據和數據驅動的天氣科學，雷教授也對數字氣象技術提出展望：一方面，理解大氣動力和物理過程、設計未來觀測網絡、“混合”數據的數值模式和通化技術，另一方面，改善公衆對極端天氣氣候事件的認知，增加城市化保障能力、提高防災減災能力。演講最後，雷教授也加以總結，未來科學技術和行業一定是緊密結合的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"生物醫藥前沿分享"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除了在應對自然災害方面的思考，本次論壇中，中國科學院腦科學與智能技術卓越創新中心神經科學研究所高級研究員、博士生導師仇子龍也就《基因編輯與下一代生物醫藥》主題演講爲大家帶來了生物醫藥前沿知識分享。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在生物醫藥史上，基因工程的誕生，使得人類可以生產蛋白質，進而生產蛋白質藥物的王者—抗體藥物，很大程度上推動了人類健康，那麼未來人類藥物又該如何發展呢？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"仇老師以基因編輯爲例展開討論，基因組編輯從2012年開始，在傳統思維中，基因編輯是基因剪刀，但確切來說它不是剪刀，而是一把錘子，只能對定點的基因做破壞，而不能編輯。所以這也是擺在生物醫藥學者面前最大的難題：高效率的準確修復基因突變。爲了解決這個難題，很多生物醫藥家在共同努力，迄今爲止，已能夠在小老鼠的視網膜裏面把一個基因的點突變精確的修好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對於未來生物醫藥，仇老師同樣提出幾點展望：第一，對絕症大病進行慢性病管理，用基因治療應對罕見遺傳病等，第二，通過疫苗解決上醫治未病，第三，實現人口健康大數據管理。目前，仇老師團隊已聯合其它團隊在中國建立了最大規模的自閉症的基因數據庫，並希望與阿里攜手共同在雲平臺層面進行建立真正中國的大規模的遺傳數據庫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"營造可持續城市與包容社區"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"北京城市象限科技有限公司創始人 CEO、北京社區研究中心主任茅明睿也就《可持續的城市與包容的社區》主題和大家一起分享了我們賴以生存的城市與社區正在發生的變化。其中，他提出聯合國的一個議程——“新城市議程”，“新城市議程”並不是追求一個高品質的空間，而是關注未來城市建設和空間使用和分配的時候，應該遵循平等、包容、參與和可持續等等的原則。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"他以三個案例來介紹團隊如何響應“新城市議程”：第一，關於盲杖的故事。我們都知道，汽車倒車雷達可以使我們通過聽覺知道周圍有什麼障礙，而如果把這個雷達裝到盲杖上，就有可能幫助盲人通過雷達波的反射，告訴他們在行走過程中遇到障礙的情況，實現聲音導盲的服務，同時可以收集雷達反射波的數據和GPS的數據，通過算法合成得到結果來感知城市的無障礙建設現狀；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，團隊在政府的巡邏車裝上傳感器，在巡邏過程中，巡邏車化身移動的環境監測站，不停地採集各種各樣的微觀尺度的環境數據，把數據傳到城市大腦系統，再部署相應的合成算法，就可以得到每小時一次，20米網格的環境監測，從而實現更微觀尺度的時間分辨的結果；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，井點一號小微空間更新，首先通過對老年健身空間對面城市管理的攝像頭做算法，去識別這個場地人的到訪、停留。再次，在設計過程中，做一個多智能體模型，模擬不同的人跟場地提供不同的設施和佈局之間互動情況，經過大量的模型測算推演出一個最優解，以此來做設計方案。最後，團隊還利用攝像頭做了目標跟蹤的算法，測算出在場地上的分佈情況，從而驗證設計是否合理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"通過以上三個案例的分析，茅老師也介紹了營造可持續和包容的城市與社區的三點原則："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一，人本，人本是所有價值觀的內核；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二，面向科學價值開展循證；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三，面向民主價值，讓“人”進行充分的參與，這樣所做的技術、公共治理、規劃的設計纔會變成有利於“人”的設計。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"圓桌論壇"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在最後的圓桌論壇環節中，幾位老師也針對目前遇到的實際問題展開激烈討論，在茅老師看來，目前遇到的問題是價值觀問題，具體在於科技落地的時候會遇到具體的部門利益以及訴求，而在雷教授看來目前最大的問題在於科學和技術和產業如何結合，迫切需要一個渠道將科研成果實現業務化，推向公衆。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"面對諸多實際中的問題，阿里巴巴研究員、集羣管理和研發效能負責人張瓅（lì ）玶（ping）也從技術角度給予瞭解答，從算力角度來說，一方面算力需要高速增長，來滿足應用的需要；另一方面，在算力的方向上，需要不斷地把低成本和高效的算力提供出來。這些需求對科技公司提出了挑戰，通過技術持續提升資源的利用率和效率，會是未來持續努力的方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"當前，新一輪科技革命和產業變革不斷推進，科技同經濟、社會、文化、生態深入協同發展，對人類文明演進和全球治理體系發展產生深刻影響。以科技創新推動可持續發展成爲破解各國關心的一些重要全球性問題的必由之路。未來，期待更多的企業、學者、行業精英們一起加入，共同思考技術"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color"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