2022年，這12個技術趨勢最值得關注

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"深度解讀Gartner2022年重要戰略技術趨勢：三大主題、十二項技術趨勢背後的判斷邏輯。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10月19日，Gartner發佈了2022年重要戰略技術趨勢，包括生成式人工智能、數據編織、分佈式企業、雲原生平臺、自治系統、決策智能、組裝式應用程序、超級自動化、隱私增強計算、網絡安全網格、人工智能工程化、全面體驗等十二項技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，Gartner大中華區管理副總裁Michael Ryan、Gartner高級研究總監高挺（Arnold Gao）接受了InfoQ等少數媒體的採訪，介紹了Gartner的本土化戰略，並深入解讀了2022年重要戰略技術趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"談到Gartner在中國市場的戰略，Michael Ryan表示，2021年，Gartner以中國市場爲導向做了很多本土化的調整，包括擴建分析師團隊，覆蓋雲基礎設施、應用、安全、數據分析領域等。Michael Ryan還表示，不同於以往都是英文的報告，明年，Gartner將會出版中文研究報告，文獻庫、數據庫、工具等也將推出中文版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner研究副總裁David Groombridge表示：“首席執行官和董事會正在設法通過與客戶建立直接數字聯繫來實現增長，因此首席信息官的優先事項必須滿足這些業務的要求，而這些要求貫穿於Gartner的2022年重要戰略技術趨勢。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“首席信息官必須找到能夠成倍增加IT力量的方法，從而實現增長和創新並創建可擴展、有韌性的技術基礎，通過這一可擴展性釋放用於數字投資的現金。這些要求構成了今年趨勢的三個主題：工程化信任、塑造變化和加速增長，”David Groombridge說。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner2022年重要戰略技術趨勢解讀"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner高級研究總監高挺（Arnold Gao）向InfoQ等少數媒體詳細介紹了2022年“重要戰略技術趨勢”，深入分析了其所涵蓋的”三大主題、十二大技術趨勢”背後的判斷邏輯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主題一、工程化信任"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工程化信任(Engineering Trust)，本質上是爲了構建一個安全可靠的數據處理基礎設施，它爲數字經濟夯實數據基礎。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工程化信任包括四個技術趨勢："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據編織 （Data Fabric）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在過去的十年裏，數據和應用孤島的數量激增，而數據和分析（D&A）團隊的技能型人才數量卻保持不變，甚至下降。如何把企業的數據整合起來、編織起來，是數據編織想要解決的問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據編織是一種新型的數據管理設計理念。作爲一種跨平臺和業務用戶的靈活、彈性數據整合方式，數據編織能夠簡化企業機構的數據、整合基礎設施並創建一個可擴展數據架構來減少大多數數據和分析團隊因整合難度上升而出現的技術債務。這個數據架構裏包括的數據元素，可以是傳統的關係型數據庫，也可以是非結構化數據庫、數據湖、雲數據庫等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從業務的角度看，數據編織是指，現在很多企業在不缺數據的情況下怎麼用一套好的方法，最好是統一化的架構，把數據利用起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據編織的真正價值在於它能夠通過內置的分析技術動態改進數據的使用，使數據管理工作量減少70%並加快價值實現時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"網絡安全網格（Cybersecurity Mesh）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“數據貫穿了今年的許多趨勢，但只有當企業能夠信任數據時，數據纔會變得有用。如今，資產和用戶可能出現在任何地方，這意味着傳統的安全邊界已經消失。這就需要有網絡安全網格架構（CSMA）。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高挺認爲，在大數據時代，用戶設備無處不在，數據的來源也無處不在。傳統的以數據中心爲核心的中心化架構，已不能滿足逐漸“雲化”、“邊緣化”的時代的安全需求，需要有一種新的安全架構，即 —“網絡安全網格”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"網絡安全網格之所以稱爲網格（Mesh），是因爲它把一系列的網絡安全服務整合起來提供身份內容及策略等方面的認證。與傳統的安全模式不同，它採用分佈式的形式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"且不同於傳統的“一對多”的方式，即一箇中央控制檯對應所有終端或接入網絡的安全“點”。網絡安全網格是一種“多對多”、“N對N”的方式，能夠讓安全工具之間產生更多協作。這種方式的優點在於，除做到中心化的網絡安全模式下集中式的安全以外，它還可以做到模塊化或者可編排化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上已經有一些類似於網絡安全網格的解決方案出現了，如SASE、XDR架構等，一些傳統安全廠商如Frontier、微軟等，都在做一些相應的解決方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CSMA幫助提供一體化安全結構和態勢，爲任何位置的任何資產提供安全保障。到2024年，使用CSMA一體化安全工具組成一個合作生態系統的企業機構能夠將單項安全事件的財務影響平均減少90%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱私增強計算（Privacy-EnhancingComputation，PEC）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了應對不斷成熟的國際隱私和數據保護法律外，首席信息官還必須避免因隱私事件而導致客戶信任下降。因此，Gartner預計到2025年，60%的大型企業機構將使用一種或多種隱私增強計算技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果在網絡層可以保證數據是安全可信的，接下來讓數據產生價值，要分析、處理數據，或是用數據構建AI模型，在利用數據的過程中，如何保證隱私不會在處理或分析數據的過程中泄漏?尤其是在一些和第三方數據合作和數據外包的場景裏。這就是隱私增強計算的邏輯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱私增強計算大致分三類："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"1、爲敏感數據的處理或分析提供一個可信環境，叫做TEE（Trusted Execution Environments）。TEE技術現在相對來說是比較成熟。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2、在不泄露數據的情況下對數據進行本地處理或者分析，也就是說，如何解決“數據不出域”的情況。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"3、在處理或者分析數據前，對數據或算法進行轉化，使得數據和算法在處理的過程中不會泄漏隱私。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在數據、軟件或硬件層面保護個人和敏感信息的PEC技術能夠在不影響保密性或隱私的情況下安全地共享、彙集和分析數據。目前這項技術被應用於許多垂直領域以及公有云基礎設施（例如可信的執行環境）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生平臺（Cloud-NativePlatform，CNP）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了真正能夠在任何地方提供數字能力，企業必須放棄熟悉的“直接遷移”並轉向CNP。CNP運用雲計算的核心能力，向使用互聯網技術的技術創造者提供可擴展的彈性IT相關能力“即服務”，從而加快價值實現時間並降低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“雲原生平臺”是一個數字基礎設施的閉環之一，如今雲的應用已越來越普遍，傳統的上雲模式是，企業有一個數據中心，“上雲”後，企業就把傳統的應用直接“切”到“雲端”上去，但因爲“雲”的環境和傳統數據中心的環境不一樣，直接把數據“切”上去可能會產生“兼容性問題”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了解決兼容性問題，Gartner發現，許多企業使用“雲原生平臺”作爲打造數據底座最後閉環的一個環節。簡而言之，“雲原生平臺”就是天生就爲“雲”設計的平臺，應用程序從從設計到寫代碼，到最後部署，一開始就考慮到了“雲”的環境，且在“雲”上以最佳姿勢運行，充分利用和發揮了“雲平臺”的彈性和分佈式的優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"傳統的DevOps、微服務、容器等，都是“雲原生”平臺中的一部分，最後用雲平臺來實現彈性伸縮、動態調度，優化資源的利用率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“雲原生平臺”最大的好處是在開發時可以把應用和基礎設施的關聯性剝離，縮短上線時間，充分利用公有云的優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner預測到2025年，雲原生平臺將成爲95%以上新數字倡議的基礎，而在2021年這一比例只有不到40%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主題二、塑造變化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二個主題是塑造變化，這是一組用來加速數字化的技術趨勢，其中包括Gartner去年提出的“超級自動化”、“AI工程化”及今年新引入的“決策智能”以及“組裝式應用程序”等4項技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"組裝式應用程序（Composable Applications）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在不斷變化的業務環境中，業務適應性需求能夠引導企業轉向支持快速、安全和高效應用變化的技術架構。可組合的應用架構增強了這種適應性，而採用可組合方法的企業機構在新功能的實現速度上將比競爭對手快80%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"傳統的應用程序開發面臨諸多挑戰：一，沒有足夠的開發能力；二，選錯技術方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，交付不夠迅速。解決這一問題，一種常見的技術型方案是“代碼重用”，將已有的、較成熟的代碼重新應用，可節省時間，提高交付速度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而Gartner所提出來的“組裝式應用”是架構式的解決方案，它希望引入模塊化的理念使技術和業務團隊可以更敏捷、更有效地重用代碼。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“封裝的業務能力“（Packaged Business Capability，PBC）”，PBC的定義是一種軟件定義的最小化的業務功能，可以把它理解爲是一種單一的對象或單一的功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它和傳統的軟件開發交付的一個很大的區別是顆粒度。如傳統的ERP\/CRM系統，它是基於項目交付的封裝應用,首先它是基於項目交付的，因爲一個大的ERP上線，一個大的CRM上線,是一個超大的項目。這個項目最後交付的是一個大系統，這個大系統是一個封裝應用。封裝應用的意思是，一旦部署完了，除小的地方可以修修改改，基本上不能動它大的體系、大的架構了，這是最傳統的一種方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而基於PBC的交付，它更像是一種高度定製化的可重複使用的組裝應用。在這種架構中，PBC像一個個原子，組裝式的應用是把這些原子重新組合起一個個分子。用戶團隊可以根據自己的需要來組裝所需的業務能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“在動盪的時代，可組合的業務原則幫助企業機構駕馭對業務韌性和增長至關重要的加速變化。沒有它的現代企業機構可能會失去在市場中的前進動力和客戶忠誠度。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"決策智能 (DecisionIntelligence，DI）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一家企業機構的決策能力是其競爭優勢的重要來源，而如今這個時代對這項能力的要求也越來越高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"決策智能是一門實用的學科。該學科通過清楚理解並精心設計做出決策的方式以及根據反饋評估、管理和改進結果的方式來改進決策。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner預測在未來兩年，三分之一的大型企業機構將使用決策智能實現結構化決策，進而提高競爭優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這樣的預測背後，是基於Gartner在2020年做的一項調查所發現的普遍現象："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"決策比兩年之前更復雜了對決策者能夠解釋自己決策的期望提高了；基於數據事實的基礎是決策時最重要的參考因素在足夠的數據和AI模型的基礎上，有一些決策是可以被自動化的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"超級自動化（Hyperautomation）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"超自動化通過快速識別、審覈和自動執行儘可能多的流程來實現加速增長和業務韌性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“Gartner的研究表明，表現最好的超自動化團隊專注於三個關鍵優先事項：提高工作質量、加快業務流程和增強決策敏捷性。在過去的一年中，業務技術專家平均支持4.2項自動化倡議。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner曾在2021年的重要戰略技術趨勢中提過“超級自動化”，2022年的關注點有所三點不同："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一，今年更強調IT和業務的融合團隊；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二，超級自動化包含AI、機器學習、RPA、DPMS等多項技術。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，今年，中國乃至全球範圍內的企業，都已經逐漸開始自動化，至少在某些流程或最重要的流程上已經實現了自動化運營。儘管目前有很多傳統行業，目前暫時無法實現超級自動化，但Gartner認爲這個趨勢已經成爲必然。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人工智能工程化（AI Engineering）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"IT領導人想方設法地將人工智能集成到應用中，在從未投入生產的人工智能項目上浪費時間和金錢或在人工智能解決方案發布後努力保持它們的價值。人工智能工程化是一種實現人工智能模型操作化的綜合方法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高挺表示，“人工智能工程化”本質上是說，儘管大家現在對AI期待很高，但實際上AI目前的應用仍然是被低估的。因爲，很多AI項目的價值只能體現在一些“點對點”的一次性的方案中。我們很少看到，AI大規模的落地。將AI 大規模落地的工程化的方法總和起來，便是“AI的工程化”。人工智能工程化對企業有很多好處，企業在進行人工智能落地的時候，落地效率、落地廣泛度會更高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“從事人工智能工作的混合團隊是否真正能夠爲他們的企業機構實現差異化，取決於他們通過快速人工智能變革不斷提升價值的能力。到2025年，10%建立人工智能工程化最佳實踐的企業從其人工智能工作中產生的價值將至少比90%未建立該實踐的企業高出三倍。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主題三：加速增長"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"加速增長的本質是一組將數字化技術用以連接物理和虛擬世界，以構建一種新的工作方式（包括新的體驗模式、新的商業模式等）的技術趨勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分佈式企業（DistributedEnterprise）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着遠程和混合工作模式的增加，以辦公室爲中心的傳統企業機構正在演變成由分散在各地的工作者組成的分佈式企業。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“這就要求首席信息官通過重大技術和服務變革提供無摩擦工作體驗，不過事情總有兩面性：這項技術會對業務模式產生影響。從零售到教育，每家企業機構都必須重新配置交付模式才能支持分佈式服務。兩年前，全世界沒有人想到自己能在數字試衣間裏試穿衣服。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高挺認爲，“分佈式企業”的本質就是許多員工開始遠程工作。如今“遠程工作”已經成爲新常態。在這個過程中，企業會發現自身的運作模式開始悄然發生一些變化，例如企業發現遠程工作一樣能滿足公司的業務需求，還能降低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對企業來說，員工在家裏辦公，企業的客戶也在家辦公，這樣一來，整個需求場景包括交付場景會發生一些變化，這背後基礎設施的需求也會發生變化。例如，國內很多互聯網廠商開發了“在線會議”的解決方案，這其實就是這種變化所衍生出的商機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner認爲，構建以人爲中心、整合物理空間和虛擬空間的技術將會成爲主流趨勢。它同時還會帶來一些商業模式的變化，例如很多公司用VR技術實現數字試衣間，用戶在虛擬世界裏買衣服可以獲得跟真實世界類似的體驗。在未來，企業推出產品和服務時，可能會側重採用數字優先、遠程優先的邏輯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner預計，到2023年，75%充分發揮分佈式企業效益的企業機構將實現比競爭對手快25%的收入增長。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全面體驗（Total Experience，TX）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全面體驗是一項結合客戶體驗（CX）、員工體驗（EX）、用戶體驗（UX）和多重體驗（MX）學科的業務戰略。TX的目標是提升客戶和員工的信心、滿意度、忠誠度和擁護度。企業機構將通過實現具有適應性和韌性的TX業務成果來增加收入和利潤。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“全面體驗”概念的大背景是，我們現在已經進入到了“體驗經濟”的時代。我們現在所處的時代，已經從傳統的以營銷爲主的時代到了一個以產品爲主的時代。這意味着，一家公司要做大做強，除了做很多市場宣傳外，自身的產品力也要夠強。而如何判定一項產品具有最強的產品力，一個關鍵指標是，這款產品給用戶帶來的體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner將全面體驗分爲四種：客戶體驗、用戶體驗、員工體驗、多重體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從銷售的流程看，最關注客戶體驗，關注客戶在從產品認知到買單這一系列流程中的體驗感；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"用戶和客戶不同，一項產品的客戶未必是它的用戶，因此也要關注用戶在產品使用過程中的體驗；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多重體驗是指企業如何用技術手段去觸達最終用戶，這種觸達可能採用線下或是線上的形式，多重體驗強調具備一系列數字化能力，能夠收集用戶反饋等各項用戶體驗數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在許多企業追求客戶體驗，追求用戶體驗，但員工是不是有足夠的技術能力進行支撐，使得員工可以很好地滿足公司對用戶體驗和客戶體驗的要求呢？這正是員工體驗所強調的內容。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這四個體驗模塊在企業設計戰略時候應當放在一起，考慮全面體驗。不過現在，多數企業僅考慮了兩個或三個模塊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自治系統（Autonomic Systems）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着企業的發展，傳統的編程或簡單的自動化將無法擴展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自治系統是可以從所在環境中學習的自我管理型物理或軟件系統。與自動化甚至自主系統不同，自治系統無需外部軟件更新就可以動態修改自己的算法，使它們能夠像人類一樣迅速適應現場的新情況。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“自治行爲已因爲近期被部署在複雜的安全環境中而爲人所知。而從長遠看，這項技術將被普遍應用於機器人、無人機、製造機器和智能空間等物理系統。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"楊挺表示，“自治系統”早期雖然有一些案例，但它仍存在一些問題。自治系統的優點是，它會像人類一樣可以自我迭代。但它現在還處於萌芽期，因此有時候會變得不可控。尤其當這個系統應用在生活中時，可能會遇到道德倫理上的困境。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"生成式AI（GenerativeArtificial Intelligence）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"生成式人工智能是最引人注目和最強大的人工智能技術之一。該機器學習方法從其數據中學習內容或對象，並運用數據生成全新、完全原創的實際工件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前人們對於AI的使用，很多時候是要讓它去做出判斷、分類或得出結論。而如今，AI的新用法，生成式AI正在出現。生成式AI不僅可以做判斷，還可以做創造，人們可以用AI來創造出一些新事物，生成式人工智能可用於多種活動，如創建軟件代碼、促進藥物研發和有針對性的營銷。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們可以看到，在未來一段時間內。AI會逐漸從一個做判斷的機器變成一個做創造的機器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner預計到2025年，生成式人工智能將佔所有生成數據的10%，而目前這一比例還不到1%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但該技術也會被濫用於詐騙、欺詐、政治造謠、僞造身份等，具有一定的爭議性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小結"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在接受InfoQ等少數媒體採訪時，高挺表示，與去年相比，2022年重要戰略技術趨勢最大的特點在於，去年Garter發佈的很多技術趨勢比較偏場景化，今年的技術趨勢更偏技術性，如提出了“數據編織、雲原生平臺”等概念。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，從宏觀上看，2021年重要戰略技術趨勢的大主線是“新冠疫情影響下的世界發生了怎樣的變革”，而今年的主線是，在新冠疫情已經成爲新常態的背景下，企業如何在新常態下創造出新模式，以獲得長期發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年Gartner發佈的2022年重要戰略技術趨勢，涵蓋十二項前沿技術趨勢。高挺表示，從技術成熟度來看，超級自動化、全面體驗、分佈式體驗等技術的成熟度較高，生成式人工智能、網絡安全網格、數據編織等技術的成熟度相對較低。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以生成式人工智能爲例，高挺表示目前該項技術還處於非常早的時期，還沒有大規模的落地。儘管這項技術已經存在一些令人擔憂的應用風險，但目前還很少有企業在這方面進行專門的預警。因爲根據歷史的經驗，一項技術要達到成熟、能夠應用後纔會產生各種負面效應。現階段，生成式人工智能技術的成熟度，尚沒有達到進行風險監管的程度。"}]}]}