2022年，这12个技术趋势最值得关注

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"深度解读Gartner2022年重要战略技术趋势：三大主题、十二项技术趋势背后的判断逻辑。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10月19日，Gartner发布了2022年重要战略技术趋势，包括生成式人工智能、数据编织、分布式企业、云原生平台、自治系统、决策智能、组装式应用程序、超级自动化、隐私增强计算、网络安全网格、人工智能工程化、全面体验等十二项技术。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，Gartner大中华区管理副总裁Michael Ryan、Gartner高级研究总监高挺（Arnold Gao）接受了InfoQ等少数媒体的采访，介绍了Gartner的本土化战略，并深入解读了2022年重要战略技术趋势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谈到Gartner在中国市场的战略，Michael Ryan表示，2021年，Gartner以中国市场为导向做了很多本土化的调整，包括扩建分析师团队，覆盖云基础设施、应用、安全、数据分析领域等。Michael Ryan还表示，不同于以往都是英文的报告，明年，Gartner将会出版中文研究报告，文献库、数据库、工具等也将推出中文版本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner研究副总裁David Groombridge表示：“首席执行官和董事会正在设法通过与客户建立直接数字联系来实现增长，因此首席信息官的优先事项必须满足这些业务的要求，而这些要求贯穿于Gartner的2022年重要战略技术趋势。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“首席信息官必须找到能够成倍增加IT力量的方法，从而实现增长和创新并创建可扩展、有韧性的技术基础，通过这一可扩展性释放用于数字投资的现金。这些要求构成了今年趋势的三个主题：工程化信任、塑造变化和加速增长，”David Groombridge说。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner2022年重要战略技术趋势解读"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner高级研究总监高挺（Arnold Gao）向InfoQ等少数媒体详细介绍了2022年“重要战略技术趋势”，深入分析了其所涵盖的”三大主题、十二大技术趋势”背后的判断逻辑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主题一、工程化信任"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工程化信任(Engineering Trust)，本质上是为了构建一个安全可靠的数据处理基础设施，它为数字经济夯实数据基础。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"工程化信任包括四个技术趋势："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据编织 （Data Fabric）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在过去的十年里，数据和应用孤岛的数量激增，而数据和分析（D&A）团队的技能型人才数量却保持不变，甚至下降。如何把企业的数据整合起来、编织起来，是数据编织想要解决的问题。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据编织是一种新型的数据管理设计理念。作为一种跨平台和业务用户的灵活、弹性数据整合方式，数据编织能够简化企业机构的数据、整合基础设施并创建一个可扩展数据架构来减少大多数数据和分析团队因整合难度上升而出现的技术债务。这个数据架构里包括的数据元素，可以是传统的关系型数据库，也可以是非结构化数据库、数据湖、云数据库等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"从业务的角度看，数据编织是指，现在很多企业在不缺数据的情况下怎么用一套好的方法，最好是统一化的架构，把数据利用起来。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"数据编织的真正价值在于它能够通过内置的分析技术动态改进数据的使用，使数据管理工作量减少70%并加快价值实现时间。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"网络安全网格（Cybersecurity Mesh）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“数据贯穿了今年的许多趋势，但只有当企业能够信任数据时，数据才会变得有用。如今，资产和用户可能出现在任何地方，这意味着传统的安全边界已经消失。这就需要有网络安全网格架构（CSMA）。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高挺认为，在大数据时代，用户设备无处不在，数据的来源也无处不在。传统的以数据中心为核心的中心化架构，已不能满足逐渐“云化”、“边缘化”的时代的安全需求，需要有一种新的安全架构，即 —“网络安全网格”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"网络安全网格之所以称为网格（Mesh），是因为它把一系列的网络安全服务整合起来提供身份内容及策略等方面的认证。与传统的安全模式不同，它采用分布式的形式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"且不同于传统的“一对多”的方式，即一个中央控制台对应所有终端或接入网络的安全“点”。网络安全网格是一种“多对多”、“N对N”的方式，能够让安全工具之间产生更多协作。这种方式的优点在于，除做到中心化的网络安全模式下集中式的安全以外，它还可以做到模块化或者可编排化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"市面上已经有一些类似于网络安全网格的解决方案出现了，如SASE、XDR架构等，一些传统安全厂商如Frontier、微软等，都在做一些相应的解决方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"CSMA帮助提供一体化安全结构和态势，为任何位置的任何资产提供安全保障。到2024年，使用CSMA一体化安全工具组成一个合作生态系统的企业机构能够将单项安全事件的财务影响平均减少90%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隐私增强计算（Privacy-EnhancingComputation，PEC）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了应对不断成熟的国际隐私和数据保护法律外，首席信息官还必须避免因隐私事件而导致客户信任下降。因此，Gartner预计到2025年，60%的大型企业机构将使用一种或多种隐私增强计算技术。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果在网络层可以保证数据是安全可信的，接下来让数据产生价值，要分析、处理数据，或是用数据构建AI模型，在利用数据的过程中，如何保证隐私不会在处理或分析数据的过程中泄漏?尤其是在一些和第三方数据合作和数据外包的场景里。这就是隐私增强计算的逻辑。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隐私增强计算大致分三类："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"1、为敏感数据的处理或分析提供一个可信环境，叫做TEE（Trusted Execution Environments）。TEE技术现在相对来说是比较成熟。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2、在不泄露数据的情况下对数据进行本地处理或者分析，也就是说，如何解决“数据不出域”的情况。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"3、在处理或者分析数据前，对数据或算法进行转化，使得数据和算法在处理的过程中不会泄漏隐私。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在数据、软件或硬件层面保护个人和敏感信息的PEC技术能够在不影响保密性或隐私的情况下安全地共享、汇集和分析数据。目前这项技术被应用于许多垂直领域以及公有云基础设施（例如可信的执行环境）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"云原生平台（Cloud-NativePlatform，CNP）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了真正能够在任何地方提供数字能力，企业必须放弃熟悉的“直接迁移”并转向CNP。CNP运用云计算的核心能力，向使用互联网技术的技术创造者提供可扩展的弹性IT相关能力“即服务”，从而加快价值实现时间并降低成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“云原生平台”是一个数字基础设施的闭环之一，如今云的应用已越来越普遍，传统的上云模式是，企业有一个数据中心，“上云”后，企业就把传统的应用直接“切”到“云端”上去，但因为“云”的环境和传统数据中心的环境不一样，直接把数据“切”上去可能会产生“兼容性问题”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"为了解决兼容性问题，Gartner发现，许多企业使用“云原生平台”作为打造数据底座最后闭环的一个环节。简而言之，“云原生平台”就是天生就为“云”设计的平台，应用程序从从设计到写代码，到最后部署，一开始就考虑到了“云”的环境，且在“云”上以最佳姿势运行，充分利用和发挥了“云平台”的弹性和分布式的优势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"传统的DevOps、微服务、容器等，都是“云原生”平台中的一部分，最后用云平台来实现弹性伸缩、动态调度，优化资源的利用率。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“云原生平台”最大的好处是在开发时可以把应用和基础设施的关联性剥离，缩短上线时间，充分利用公有云的优势。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Gartner预测到2025年，云原生平台将成为95%以上新数字倡议的基础，而在2021年这一比例只有不到40%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"主题二、塑造变化"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二个主题是塑造变化，这是一组用来加速数字化的技术趋势，其中包括Gartner去年提出的“超级自动化”、“AI工程化”及今年新引入的“决策智能”以及“组装式应用程序”等4项技术。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"组装式应用程序（Composable Applications）"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在不断变化的业务环境中，业务适应性需求能够引导企业转向支持快速、安全和高效应用变化的技术架构。可组合的应用架构增强了这种适应性，而采用可组合方法的企业机构在新功能的实现速度上将比竞争对手快80%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"传统的应用程序开发面临诸多挑战：一，没有足够的开发能力；二，选错技术方向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第三，交付不够迅速。解决这一问题，一种常见的技术型方案是“代码重用”，将已有的、较成熟的代码重新应用，可节省时间，提高交付速度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而Gartner所提出来的“组装式应用”是架构式的解决方案，它希望引入模块化的理念使技术和业务团队可以更敏捷、更有效地重用代码。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“封装的业务能力“（Packaged Business Capability，PBC）”，PBC的定义是一种软件定义的最小化的业务功能，可以把它理解为是一种单一的对象或单一的功能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"它和传统的软件开发交付的一个很大的区别是颗粒度。如传统的ERP\/CRM系统，它是基于项目交付的封装应用,首先它是基于项目交付的，因为一个大的ERP上线，一个大的CRM上线,是一个超大的项目。这个项目最后交付的是一个大系统，这个大系统是一个封装应用。封装应用的意思是，一旦部署完了，除小的地方可以修修改改，基本上不能动它大的体系、大的架构了，这是最传统的一种方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而基于PBC的交付，它更像是一种高度定制化的可重复使用的组装应用。在这种架构中，PBC像一个个原子，组装式的应用是把这些原子重新组合起一个个分子。用户团队可以根据自己的需要来组装所需的业务能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Groombridge表示：“在动荡的时代，可组合的业务原则帮助企业机构驾驭对业务韧性和增长至关重要的加速变化。没有它的现代企业机构可能会失去在市场中的前进动力和客户忠诚度。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"决策智能 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