或將取代雲計算,下一個技術風口來了  

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"最近幾年,邊緣計算火了,成爲新晉的技術風口。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"但你真的瞭解邊緣計算嗎?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"邊緣計算究竟是什麼?哪些應用適合在邊緣部署?邊緣計算是否將取代雲計算?邊緣計算的前景如何?近日,全球最大CDN服務商Akamai,亞太區邊緣架構師團隊負責人李文濤在接受InfoQ等少數媒體採訪時,就上述焦點話題做出了深入解讀。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼需要邊緣計算?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"很多廠商都在提邊緣計算,但很重要的一個問題是,首先得搞清大家說的邊緣在哪裏?我們在哪裏做邊緣計算?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤表示,Akamai認爲,位置決定一切,如果邊緣位置不同,那麼做邊緣計算的內涵和場景往往也很不同。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從內到外,IT基礎設施分爲三個層次,最裏面是企業數據中心,它往往是一個集中式部署的數據中心,或者是多個數據中心;再往中間一層是雲計算平臺,現在市場上的雲廠商,每家基本上有數十到數百個大型的數據中心組成雲平臺。它是一箇中心化的架構,因爲雲的含義就是希望通過整合、通過中心化提高效率、降低成本,而且雲非常適合計算密集型的負載,大規模的機器學習的建模,大規模的數據處理、存儲等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/35\/35235a0dbf69539ce4429eead4efc572.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"最外面一層是邊緣,以Akamai的平臺爲例,Akamai的平臺有超過4000個數據中心,遍佈互聯網的邊緣,在離用戶非常近的位置,往往離用戶本地的運營商和SP只有一個網絡條,爲用戶提供邊緣計算能力。它是一種區域中心化的架構,離最終用戶的時延往往是在數十個毫秒這樣的級別。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在5G時代,5G的特點就是低延遲、高吞吐,結合邊緣計算,企業用戶能夠更好利用5G的能力、在邊緣部署應用、在邊緣進行計算。同時,利用5G高速邊緣管道,把數據應用和數字體驗交付到最終用戶的手中。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"Akamai認爲,邊緣計算的內涵,應當是真正地在互聯網的邊界、在距離用戶非常低時延的位置進行邊緣計算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲的數據中心到最後用戶的時延往往在百毫秒這樣的級別,相比之下,Akamai距離邊緣最終用戶的時延往往在十到數十毫秒這樣的級別。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"IT基礎設施部署的三個層次,從中心到邊界,從集合式到區域中心化這樣的部署層次之間"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"並不是互相替代的,而是相互補充,彼此分工不同,分別適合不同的應用場景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根據IDC和Gartner的判斷,企業IT的邊緣部署正在加速。IDC數據顯示,到2023年,超過50%的企業的新增IT基礎設施會部署在邊緣,到2024年企業邊緣的應用數量將會增長800%Gartner進一步提到,到2025年,超過75%的數據生成和數據處理也會在邊緣進行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤表示,有三個趨勢在驅動邊緣應用的部署:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"物聯網相關的應用越來越多,智能的互聯設備要求企業在邊緣進行數據處理和服務。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"移動辦公、遠程辦公的流行。在疫情期間,很多時候需要通過互聯網邊緣進行企業應用的接入和企業IT服務。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"數字平臺發展。無論是網站還是應用程序,數字內容越來越豐富、服務越來越個性化,這些數字體驗的創新也在推動邊緣應用的增長。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邊緣計算與雲計算"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在幾年前,邊緣計算可能沒有云計算重要,但是現在情形發生了變化,邊緣計算和雲計算都變得十分重要,都保持了很高的熱度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在這樣的時代背景下,我們應該如何看待邊緣計算和雲計算的關係?有觀點認爲,邊緣計算將取代雲計算,那麼,邊緣計算究竟是雲計算的有力補充還是雲計算的競爭對手呢?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤表示,Akamai從兩方面看邊緣計算。第一,邊緣計算所在的地理位置,第二是邊緣計算帶來的獨特能力和價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai的邊緣計算是去中心化的分佈式計算,分佈在全球數千個數據中心,靠近用戶的位置進行計算,適合對時延要求非常低的使用場景,如應用內容的個性化、邊緣的機器學習推理等對時延要求低的場景。而云的環境主要是做中心化的計算、做計算密集型的負載。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"以機器學習爲例,李文濤認爲,機器學習並不是一個靠邊緣可以百分百解決的問題。機器學習有兩部分,第一部分是構建機器學習模型,這個模型的構建需要在雲、在超大型的數據中心領域,利用很多GPU輔助運算,它是一個高度的計算密集型的負載。所以,機器學習模型的建模過程是在雲端進行的。第二部分是利用機器學習對已經建好的模型進行推理,推理的過程非常適合在邊緣,因爲對時延的要求很低,用戶希望儘快得到推理結果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"總而言之,機器學習建模是在雲端,因爲需要中心化、計算密集性的計算;機器學習推理是在邊緣,因爲需要靠近用戶去做服務。因此,李文濤認爲,未來邊緣和雲將是互補的關係,各有分工、各有專長。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前,邊緣計算主要以無服務器計算的形式提供給企業用戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雲廠商的計算一般有四類:基於虛擬機的服務、基於容器的服務、提供物理機租用的服務、以及無服務器計算服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"德勤曾評價,無服務計算是首席信息官進行IT運營創新的有力工具。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"麥肯錫甚至認爲無服務器計算將是下一代的雲計算。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"無服務器計算服務有很多優勢,能爲開發者和應用團隊帶來很多好處,如它大大提升了開發者的體驗,開發者只需要關心自己的代碼,不需要擔心基礎設施的限制、運維方面的限制等。它還可以幫助開發者團隊快速開發應用,快速將新的應用、新的功能推向市場,同時可以避免廠商的鎖定。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"對IT運維團隊而言,使用無服務器計算後不需要擔心擴展性和可用性,因爲這些能力是由像Akamai這樣的無服務器計算廠商和平臺提供的。IT運維團隊也不用擔心使用前和空閒時的運營,這些都無需付費。隨着網站流量的波動、業務負載的波動,有時對計算的需求會少一些,有時對計算的需求會高一些,這時企業無須事先支付這些費用,完全按需使用和付費。另一方面,"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"無服務器計算滿足了現在運維團隊提到的“低運維”、甚至“無運維”的趨勢,大大降低了IT運維團隊的壓力和負擔。這些是無服務器計算變得愈發重要的主要原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤介紹,Akamai提供的邊緣計算其實就是邊緣的無服務器計算,Akamai把邊緣和無服務器計算融合在一起。Akamai在以上價值的基礎上,又提供了四個價值:一,因爲是在互聯網的邊緣進行,所以Akamai提供了超低延時的到最終用戶的應用交付;二,即刻的全球部署。用戶可以在分鐘級別內將其業務邏輯部署到Akamai的全球邊緣無服務器計算平臺上;三,Akamai是一家雲安全廠商,所以雲安全能力集成在了邊緣無服務器計算平臺中。用戶不用擔心DDoS攻擊、應用層攻擊等複雜的攻擊防護問題;第四,現在很多企業都在用混合雲或多雲,邊緣計算和多雲的兼容性也非常重要。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai提出了“雲中立”的概念,無論客戶與哪種雲廠商合作,還是自有的IDC機房,Akamai可以充分兼容,且都可以提供統一的集成服務,並幫助這些企業爲其最終用戶提供統一的安全的性能以及計算方面的服務和體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"如何更好地將邊緣和雲計算進行融合?李文濤"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"覺得核心點是在於構建邊緣原生應用時,需要考慮哪些應用適合構建在邊緣、哪些應用適合部署在雲端。或者說,一個應用邏輯的內部可能有多個微服務,哪些微服務適合部署在邊緣等問題。這樣,企業就可以充分利用邊緣和雲的不同特點和優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一個值得注意的問題是,儘管熱度起來了,但目前,相對於雲計算,邊緣計算的開發者並不多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤認爲,出現這一現象的原因主要是,從行業整體看,在本世紀初,邊緣的概念還沒有出現,像無服務計算或邊緣無服務器計算被更多采用主要是在近兩年。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai注意到,越來越多的開發者進行邊緣原生應用的開發,他們也正在主動學習這方面的技術。Akamai提供的邊緣無服務器計算是通用的JavaScript語言,學習成本低,方便開發者上手,這也促進了用戶採納度在近兩年的迅速提高。這也是爲什麼這兩年我們發現用戶採納度迅速提高的一個主要原因。邊緣計算技術正在經歷逐步普及的過程。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Akamai邊緣計算平臺與相關產品"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前,Akamai擁有全球最大的邊緣網絡。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在過去的20年裏,Akamai推出了很多邊緣計算的技術創新與產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"1998年,Akamai推出了第一款邊緣計算產品,該產品通過XML語言編寫定製化的CND邊緣邏輯,部署在Akamai的平臺上;2001年,Akamai推出了自服務式的邊緣動態內容組裝,將網站的個性化內容和靜態內容在邊緣進行組裝處理;2002年,Akamai推出了Edge Java平臺,這是一個自服務式的無服務器計算平臺,其特點是,Akamai用戶可通過Java語言構建邊緣的原生應用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤稱,相比很多雲計算廠商,Akamai在邊緣計算上的創新探索較早,在上世紀末、本世紀初就開始探索邊緣計算的相關技術,且推出了商用服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2014年,Akamai推出了第一款預封裝的邊緣應用;2014年推出了Cloudlet Applications,這是一款能在邊緣處理多種業務邏輯的預編寫的應用;2016年,Akamai推出了Image & Video Manager,可在互聯網邊緣優化圖片和視頻;2017年,Akamai推出了API Gateway產品,提供高可靠邊緣API的認證、訪問和流量管理等服務;2020年,Akamai推出了EdgeWorkers,次年推出了“EdgeKV”,這兩個產品屬於用戶DIY邊緣應用的領域。EdgeWorkers通過JavaScript構建邊緣的原生應用,允許用戶把自己的JavaScript代碼運行在Akamai在全球的幾千個邊緣數據中心內,就近爲用戶提供計算和應用的服務。EdgeKV是在邊緣構建的全球分佈式鍵值存儲的數據庫,這樣客戶在邊緣既可以進行計算,也可以存儲、處理相關數據。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"據介紹,Akamai配合邊緣計算的平臺和產品,提供了豐富的開發者資源。Akamai邊緣計算產品面向開發者和DevOps團隊,提供了很多技術文檔、參考架構,GitHub的代碼案例庫等,此外還爲用戶提供免費使用和測試額度,幫助開發者或運維團隊快速上手Akamai邊緣計算平臺。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"哪些企業應用適合在邊緣部署?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"哪些企業應用,或企業應用的哪些部分適合在邊緣部署?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這就要提到微服務架構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在過去幾年中,企業應用正在從單體式架構向微服務架構轉型。到今年,微服務架構已變成一個企業應用非常普遍、通用的架構。微服務架構指的是把一個業務邏輯分割成多個微服務的數據,這樣便於應用,提供更高的擴展性、靈活性和可管理性。通過把業務邏輯分割成多個微服務,IT可以更好滿足相關服務、計算需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在這個大背景下,哪些微服務適合部署在互聯網邊緣上,適合使用邊緣計算?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Akamai提出了4個判斷條件:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第一,某一個微服務是不是對時延非常敏感?因爲,邊緣計算最大的好處就是可以爲用戶提供十到數十毫秒的低時延。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第二,某一個微服務對擴展性要求是不是很高?因爲邊緣無服務器計算提供了高度的、自動化的全球性擴展能力。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"第三,某一個微服務是否可以橫向擴展,是不是無狀態的服務?這樣,它們就非常適合在邊緣、以分佈式的方式進行處理和計算。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"conten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Scrip語言。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"如果企業的微服務滿足上述四個條件,那它就非常適合部署在邊緣上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"邊緣計算的“錢”景與未來"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"邊緣計算的商用化部署一直是業內關注的焦點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"邊緣計算的適用面廣泛,包括基礎設施相關服務、視頻相關服務、網站移動應用內容的處理和服務等。這些服務都有統一的特點:需要很低的時延;需要高度的擴展性;相比於傳統IT解決方案,現在企業的開發者、DevOps團隊希望用代碼進行更多更自動化的運維。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在這樣的背景下,所以在這三大背景下,Akamai看到,邊緣計算正在企業IT應用的各方面滲透,都在部署新的場景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在萬物互聯的時代,邊緣計算可以提升物聯網的智能化。邊緣平臺是物聯網的重要的載體,因爲在物聯網領域,無論智能駕駛,還是家庭的智能物聯設備,還是遊戲相關的物聯網服務,都需要非常低的時延和距離用戶非常近的地理位置。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"針對物聯網領域,Akamai大約從10年前就開始了佈局。Akamai推出的Edge Connect,可以幫助物聯網服務商提供高速、低時延的物聯網信令的交互。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"談到未來邊緣計算領域的技術突破,李文濤表示,在功能更新方面,物聯網的能力還會不斷增強,行業會逐漸觸及物聯網安全領域,以提升物聯網的安全性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在地理位置方面,邊緣計算的節點會不斷下沉。Akamai目前正在探索節點的更多可能性,如把節點部署在無線網關、靠近5G基站的地方,甚至把節點能力預置在家中的智能設備、機頂盒中,真正做到無線的節點下沉、泛在式的邊緣計算節點能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"此外,在通用性的邊緣計算平臺方面,邊緣計算能力、存儲能力會進一步提升,爲用戶提供更多更復雜的應用承載能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"邊緣計算正在快速發展,越來越多的企業加入到邊緣計算的應用行列。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"未來,邊緣計算領域會出現很多子市場:有些公司會提供垂直領域的軟件解決方案,如在工控領域,工控軟件的提供商會提供智能工廠、智能運維等軟件方案;像Akamai這樣的廠商更多是一個平臺提供商,爲企業提供全球化的邊緣計算平臺;第三個細分角色是安全提供商。因爲邊緣計算承載的位置已遠遠超過了雲、超過了企業的數據中心,保障安全和合規是未來越來越重要的領域。第四個角色是純粹的基礎設施、硬件供應商、5G提供商、運營商。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“邊緣計算是一個非常大的市場,廠商一定要講清楚自己是做什麼樣的邊緣計算、在哪裏做邊緣計算。避免泛泛地談邊緣計算,一定要提在邊緣的哪裏進行了什麼樣的計算,到底是哪一個子領域,是軟件領域、平臺領域、安全領域還是基礎設施和5G領域.... 過去幾年,行業對邊緣計算的炒作太多,落地非常少,這是我們看到的一個問題”,對於當下邊緣計算市場的火熱,李文濤認爲應該冷靜、客觀地看待。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"採訪嘉賓介紹:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"李文濤,Akamai亞太區邊緣架構師團隊負責人。在Akamai任職已近10年時間。帶領團隊主要爲亞太區的戰略性客戶提供深度的技術諮詢,幫助客戶在邊緣上不斷進行創新。"}]}]}
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