不再基於 GNOME，System76 使用 Rust 開發全新桌面

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近日，老牌 Linux PC 廠商 System76 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.oschina.net\/action\/GoToLink?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reddit.com%2Fr%2Fpop_os%2Fcomments%2Fqnvrou%2Fwill_pop_os_ever_do_an_officially_kde_flavor_or%2Fhjji8hh%2F","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 reddit 上"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"稱，其正在開發屬於自己的、 Rust 編寫的桌面，該桌面不再基於 GNOME 或任何現有的桌面環境。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"事情源於 System76 工程師在 reddit 上提出了關於 Pop!_OS KDE 風格的討論。System76 的 Pop!_OS Linux 發行版之前已經擁有基於 GNOME 的“COSMIC”桌面，但 Pop!_OS 和 GNOME 的開發人員似乎在主題化和自定義方法上的溝通存在一些摩擦，這讓 System76 產生了自己寫一個桌面的想法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3d464d","name":"user"}}],"text":"新桌面將支持 X11 和 Wayland"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"據 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/system76.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"System76"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 工程師和 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/pop.system76.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Pop!_OS"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 維護者 Michael Murphy 稱：“我們正在編寫自己的桌面操作系統。” 而在網友進一步詢問新的桌面是否是來自 GNOME 的分支時，Michael Murphy 回覆道：“不，這是用 Rust 編寫的屬於我們自己的桌面“。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3d464d","name":"user"}}],"text":"根據 Michael Murphy 的說法，新桌面還將"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#48517d","name":"user"}}],"text":"如預期的"},{"type":"text","text":"一樣"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3d464d","name":"user"}}],"text":"支"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.reddit.com\/r\/pop_os\/comments\/qnvrou\/will_pop_os_ever_do_an_officially_kde_flavor_or\/hjnpd57","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持 X11 和 Wayland，"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3d464d","name":"user"}}],"text":"因爲 X11 是 Nvidia 驅動程序的硬性要求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"除了利用 Rust 編程語言之外，用戶對於新桌面的其他新特性也非常感興趣。不過，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#121212","name":"user"}}],"text":"System76 具體什麼時候"},{"type":"text","text":"從 GNOME 基礎轉移到自己的 Linux 桌面，以及他們是否會使用任何 GNOME 組件作爲他們新桌面工作的一部分，都還並未確定。“它僅處於試驗的早期階段，目前還沒有在 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pop!_OS "},{"type":"text","text":"21.10 發佈期間積極開展工作，”"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#3d464d","name":"user"}}],"text":"Michael Murphy 表示"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於 GNOME 的桌面環境 “COSMIC”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"今年上半年，System76 宣佈它開發的 Linux 發行版 Pop!_OS 將使用一個新的桌面環境COSMIC，COSMIC 並不是從頭開始構建的產品，而是基於 GNOME 桌面環境打造，其中 COSMIC 最大的亮點就是可定製化。相比 GNOME ，它的變化有： Activities Overview 分成兩個不同視圖 Workspaces 和 Applications，Super key 默認激活啓動器等等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/0b\/c7\/0bc0bbd07d6f5eec20c937522af739c7.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"100%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"下面簡單介紹 COSMIC 的部分變化："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Workspaces and 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Key 默認激活啓動器"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在 COSMIC 中，Super Key 默認情況下會激活啓動器。用戶可通過啓動器啓動或切換應用程序、執行命令並計算方程式。System76 解釋稱，此改變基於他們在 GNOME 中觀察到的常見行爲。在 GNOME 中，用戶會按 Super Key 並輸入應用程序的名稱來啓動它。到了 COSMIC 中，用戶也可以將 Super Key 設置爲打開工作空間或應用程序視圖，而不是啓動器。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Dock"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"COSMIC 中的 Dock 底欄支持配置在屏幕的右側，左側或底部，以及支持自動隱藏，還可以設置將 Dock 底欄的長度擴展到屏幕邊緣。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"兩種工作流模式：鼠標驅動和鍵盤驅動"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"COSMIC 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桌面環境"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#121212","name":"user"}}],"text":"，因此它們具有相似的UI。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#121212","name":"user"}}],"text":"下面介紹一下 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pop!_OS 和 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/ubuntu.com","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ubuntu"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":" 的差異："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"用戶體驗及主題"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pop!_OS 和 Ubuntu 都可以在GNOME桌面環境中運行，但是，Pop!_OS 感覺更加優美。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"除外觀之外，Ubuntu 通過添加了一個 Dock 和更多技巧來自定義 GNOME 體驗，所以對於喜歡定製 GNOME 體驗的開發者來說會覺得很好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"但是，如果開發者更喜歡純粹的 GNOME 體驗，Pop!_OS 會更適合，並且 Pop!_OS 的總體配色方案、圖標和主題更顯高級。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"易於安裝第三方應用"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#333333","name":"user"}}],"text":"Pop!_OS"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#121212","name":"user"}}],"text":" 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