“MSL”出爐？Ubuntu 發佈 Multipass 對標 WSL

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"11 月 9日，Ubuntu 發行商 Canonical 宣佈推出全新版本的虛擬機管理工具 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/multipass.run\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Multipass"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"，以支持在帶有 M1 芯片的 Mac 上更快速的運行跨平臺的 Linux。Canonical 稱 Multipass 支持 M1 Mac 用戶以一個命令啓動虛擬機鏡像來運行 Linux，整個過程只需 20s 左右。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Canonical 表示 Ubuntu 是第一個將 M1 Mac 轉變爲 Linux 計算的平臺。他們的產品經理 Nathan Hart 說：“我們希望開發者能比市場上其他的人更快地運行 Linux，Multipass 已經實現這一目標”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虛擬化工具，賦能 Apple Silicon"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"M1 芯片自發布後就一直有“低功耗、高性能”的特點，但直到現在，M1 用戶還沒有很多運行 Linux 的選擇。VirtualBox 和 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.vmware.com\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"VMware"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 等流行的工具都處於預覽階段或暫不支持新架構。PD 支持新架構但需要手動配置、管理和維護。Multipass 就是 Canonical 提供的解決辦法。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 的優勢是無需切換“上下文”進程（可以保持運行狀態的機制），就可以在虛擬機（VM）中運行應用程序，也可以從主機（M1 Mac）終端上運行虛擬機中的應用程序。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Docker 桌面替代新選擇"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"根據官方博客介紹，Multipass 最新版本 1.8.0 中包含一個“aliases”功能。aliases 可以允許允許 Multipass 用戶將虛擬機中的命令連接到主機操作系統上的命令。允許用戶在接近原生狀態下使用任何 Linux 程序。aliases 也被吹捧爲 Docker 桌面的替代品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“對於那些只需要在少數情況下使用 Linux 環境的人來說，這是一個xx的轉變。這些用戶現在可以直接從主機終端運行虛擬機內的軟件，而不是切換上下文來訪問他們需要的軟件。aliases 可以讓用戶對任何 Linux 程序運行有近似原生的體驗。例如，對於希望在 Windows 和 Mac 上運行 Docker 的開發者來說，aliases 可以成爲 Docker 桌面的替代品。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 現在支持每個主要的計算平臺，無論是跨平臺的 Mac、Windows 還是 Linux，Multipass 都可以爲你提供統一的 Linux 開發環境體驗。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對標 WSL？路還很長"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 新功能發佈後，不少網友表示，這不就是 Mac 版的 WSL嗎，簡稱“MSL”（macOS Subsystem for Linux）從運行邏輯上來說，“MSL”的確與 WSL 非常像。"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/wsl\/","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"WSL"}]},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" 全稱 Windows Subsystem for Linux，簡單說就是 Linux 版的 Windows 子系統，支持在 Windows 10 和 Windows Server 2019 上原生運行 Linux 二進制可執行文件，目前已經迭代到 WSL 2，主要功能如下。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無縫集成體系結構"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"傳統的獨立 VM 一般啓動較慢，消耗資源多，需要花時間去配置和管理。WSL 2 本身的特性就是 Windows 與 Linux 之間的無縫集成。啓動時間短、資源佔用少、無需 VM 配置和管理是基礎優勢（WSL 2 的 VM 是在幕後管理運行）。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"完整的 Linux 內核"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"WSL 2 中的 Linux 內核根據最新的穩定版分支（基於 kernel.org 上提供的源代碼）構建。此內核針對 WSL 2 進行了調整，優化了了大小和性能，以保證在 Windows 上提供更好的 Linux 體驗。此內核的安全修復補丁更新跟隨 Windows 更新，無需單獨管理。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"系統兼容性"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"正如上面所說的 WSL 2 有了自己的 Linux 內核，具有完全的系統調用兼容性。Linux 二進制文件使用系統調用來執行訪問文件、請求內存、創建進程等功能。除了更新跟隨系統能達到立即可用以外，還可以在 WSL 內部運行一組全新應用，例如 Docker 等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"文件 IO 性能"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"WSL 2 在文件密集型操作如Git 克隆、npm 安裝、apt 更新升級等上的速度都有明顯的提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Multipass 則處於起步階段，主要功能有支持 M1 Mac、aliases、Xfce Terminal、更好的 GUI 體驗、跨平臺體驗。目前 Multipass 在功能完成度易用性等方面與 WSL 仍有較大差距，期待不久的將來 Multipass 可以完善的更好。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/canonical-transforms-linux-on-mac","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/ubuntu.com\/blog\/canonical-transforms-linux-on-mac"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]}]}