中芯國際再現人事地震，蔣尚義上任不滿1年後辭職，到底發生了什麼？

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"芯片巨頭中芯國際再發生管理層巨震。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際管理層巨震"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11月11日晚，中芯國際發佈公告宣佈了幾則大的人事變動："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"蔣尚義博士因希望有更多時間陪伴家人，辭任本公司副董事長、執行董事及董事會戰略委員會成員職務，自2021年11月11日起生效。蔣尚義已確認其與董事會並無意見分歧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"公司執行董事兼聯合首席執行官梁孟松博士爲了專注於履行其作爲公司聯合首席執行官的職責，辭任執行董事職務，自 2021年11月11日起生效。梁孟松已確認其與董事會並無意見分歧。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"周杰由於工作需要，辭任非執行董事、董事會薪酬委員會成員及董事會審計委員會成員職務，自 2021年11月11日起生效。楊光磊爲了專注於其他業務，辭任獨立非執行董事及薪酬委員會成員職務，自 2021年11月11日起生效。委任獨立非執行董事範仁達和劉明擔任薪酬委員會成員，自2021年11月11日起生效。委任獨立非執行董事劉遵義教授擔任審計委員會成員，自2021年11月11日起生效。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際稱，上述變化對公司經營管理沒有重大影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但股價似乎早已感受到了“風吹草動”。11月11日，中芯國際早盤收漲逾1個百分點，但午後突然下挫，截至收盤報58.45元\/股，下跌1.57%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際11月11日晚間公佈的第三季度業績顯示，公司第三季度實現營業收入92.81億元，同比增長21.5%；歸屬於上市公司股東的淨利潤20.77億元，同比增長22.6%。公司第二季度的淨利潤爲42.09億元，據此計算，第三季度淨利環比下降50.66%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際管理層評論說：“中芯國際被美國列入‘實體清單’以來，公司的生產經營面臨巨大挑戰。從年初開始，我們聚焦保障生產連續性和持續產能擴充兩大重點，重新梳理供應鏈，想方設法，優化採購流程、加快供應商驗證、提高生產規劃和工程管理。目前生產連續性已經基本穩定，成熟工藝擴產有序推進，整體擴產進度如期達成；先進工藝業務亦穩步提升。從二季度開始，針對產能緊張問題，我們進一步明確產能分配策略，爲支持廣大客戶需求，有序調配產能、優化排產，從整機廠的角度看實際終端需求，盡公司最大努力，解決客戶芯片短缺問題。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際表示，四季度公司將繼續保持成長勢頭，營業收入預計環比增長11%到13%，毛利率預計在31%到33%之間。展望明年，公司認爲市場整體景氣度依然向好，公司產能不能滿足客戶需求的情況預計將持續至明年全年。在今年快速成長的基礎上，明年公司收入成長預計將不低於行業平均水平。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際代董事長高永崗在中芯國際 2021 第三季度業績交流會中表示，如公司公告內容，四位董事提出辭任，公司尊重辭任董事的意見，在此感謝他們爲中芯國際的發展做出的貢獻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高永崗稱，梁孟松博士將專注於公司的聯合首席執行官職責，蔣尚義博士將擔任公司顧問，目前公司董事會由 11 人組成，與行業內其他公司董事會規模基本相當，短期內公司不會增加董事人數，上述變化對公司經營管理沒有重大影響。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"任期尚未滿一年，蔣尚義爲何放棄400萬年薪離開？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這次中芯國際的管理層人事變動中，最出人意料的是蔣尚義的離開。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年12月15日，蔣尚義被任命爲中芯國際董事會副董事長、第二類執行董事及戰略委員會成員。當時的公告稱，蔣尚義有權根據聘用合約獲得年度固定現金酬金計67萬美元(約合人民幣428萬元)及年度激勵。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"截止目前，蔣尚義在中芯國際本次任期尚未滿一年。上任未滿一年，放棄400多萬年薪，蔣尚義選擇離開，這不禁令人猜想到底發生了什麼？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現年75歲的蔣尚義是芯片行業的領軍人物。此前他曾在臺積電先後擔任研發副總裁、首席運營官等職，曾牽頭了臺積電20nm及16nm FinFET 等關鍵節點的研發，使臺積電的行業地位從技術跟隨者發展爲技術引領者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2013年，蔣尚義從臺積電COO的職位上退休，但後續會擔任臺積電董事長顧問。之後，他出任中芯國際獨立非執行董事及武漢弘芯半導體制造有限公司首席執行官。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020年12月蔣尚義離開武漢弘芯半導體回到中芯國際。這一度引發了中芯國際的人事巨震，即當時轟動業界的“蔣來梁走”事件。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中芯國際聘任蔣尚義之時，梁孟松向董事會遞交了書面辭呈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當時，市場流傳出的信函中，梁孟松表示，自己臨時才知道“蔣先生即將出任公司副董事長一職”，“對此，我感到十分錯愕與不解，因爲我事前對此事毫無所悉。我深深的感到已經不再被尊重與不被信任。” 根據中芯國際的公告，對於委任蔣尚義副董事長、執行董事的議案，梁孟松給出了“無理由投棄權票”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這一封辭職信發出後威力不小。中芯國際市值一天內蒸發了 248 億。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後來，中芯國際爲挽留梁孟鬆開出了豐厚的條件。今年 3 月 31 日，中芯國際公告顯示，截至 2020 年 12 月 31 日，梁孟松仍爲公司執行董事、聯席 CEO。報告還提到，2020 年曾向公司的聯席 CEO 梁孟松博士贈予了一套價值約 2250 萬元（含稅）的住房，房子的具體價格是 2247.1 萬元。此外，梁孟松的薪資從 34 萬美金年薪漲到了 153 萬美金，翻了 4 倍多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年6月，中芯國際股東大會批准了關於公司《2021 年科創板限制性股票激勵計劃（草案）》的議案。其中，建議授出 40 萬股限制性股票給梁孟松的議案獲通過。激勵計劃議案顯示，中芯國際董事長周子學、副董事長兼執行董事蔣尚義與聯合首席執行官兼執行董事趙海軍、梁孟松這四人均拿到 40 萬股限制性股票；首席財務官兼執行董事高永崗和技術研發執行副總裁周梅生各拿到 36 萬股限制性股票等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"伴隨着梁孟松留任，事情迎來轉機。“蔣來梁走”人事地震暫告一段落，中芯國際同時擁有了“蔣梁”兩位大牛，外界看來，似乎實現了雙贏。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但僅不到1年，蔣尚義選擇了離開。這其中的原因或許沒有“陪伴家人”那麼簡單。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"管理問題積弊已久，各派系利益盤根錯節"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，中芯國際的管理問題積弊已久。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"20 年來，中芯國際發展歷史上經歷過 4 任董事長、5 輪 CEO，掌門人幾度更替，內爭不斷。企業內部派系衆多，臺灣系、海龜系、本土系難容水火，利益盤根錯節。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2000 年，後來被譽爲“中國半導體之父”的張汝京帶着數百名半導體工程在上海創辦了中芯國際。在張汝京領導下，中芯國際發展快速，從打下第一根樁開始，僅用了 13 個月就開始投片試產，2003 年，中芯國際發展成爲全球第四大芯片代工廠。次年 3 月，中芯國際在美國和香港同時上市，一時間風光無兩。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"早期如此快的發展速度得益於張汝京引多方外資入股的模式。當時爲避開《瓦森納協定》的技術封鎖，張汝京引入了高盛、祥峯投資、漢鼎亞太、德意志管理基金等一批外資股東。到在美上市時，中芯國際的股東數量多達 75 個。數量多也意味着利益複雜，這也爲後來的內部控制權紛爭埋下了伏筆。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"危機很快到來。自 2003 年底開始，臺積電以技術侵權、竊取商業機密爲由多次將中芯國際告上法庭，2005 年 1 月，雙方達成和解，官司以中芯國際賠償臺積電 1.75 億美元暫告一段落；2009 年，雙方又打了 4 年官司後，中芯國際在與臺積電的專利侵權案中敗訴，這次不但賠了款還交出了 10% 的股權，損失巨大。不久之後，張汝京遞上了辭呈。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"創始人張汝京的離開，對於中芯國際來說，意味着一個時代結束了。靈魂人物的離開也讓這家企業變得更加動盪了起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2009 年，一直擅於平衡各方勢力的中芯國際原董事長江上舟病逝，中芯國際內部的各種矛盾一觸即發，以總裁兼 CEO 王寧國爲代表的臺系力量，與以 COO 楊士寧爲代表的海龜系之間的“王楊之爭”愈演愈烈，雙方打得不可開交。據悉，當王寧國被投票出局前後，曾一度引發了多達 90 多位臺籍幹部密集出走。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最終二人雙雙辭職，兩敗俱傷。原先跟隨張汝京一起創業的元老邱慈雲成爲新任掌門，這場派系鬥爭才落下帷幕。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2017 年，中芯國際首度實行雙 CEO 模式，聘任趙海軍出任中芯國際 CEO，前臺積電資深研發處長梁孟松擔任聯合 CEO。近幾年，有一些傳聞稱兩位 CEO 不合。2020年，“蔣來梁走”事件又引發市場變動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"錯綜複雜的派系鬥爭爲中芯國際帶來了很多負面影響，一個問題是，降低了研發效率，拖慢了芯片工藝研發進程。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一方面也損失了衆多頂尖人才。吳寒（化名）是中芯國際最早的一批員工之一，他 2002 年回國加入中芯國際，後來他因管理層之爭而離開。“我的上司被因高層派系鬥爭被‘趕’走了，管理層變化嚴重影響了我的團隊，後來我實在忍不了這種企業文化和管理方式就走了”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但企業文化複雜、管理層內部利益掣肘等交織下，要想徹底改變非常之難。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1716148943997481088&wfr=spider&for=pc","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/baijiahao.baidu.com\/s?id=1716148943997481088&wfr=spider&for=pc"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jbKRfvitzGNMq2VCUVkd","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/jbKRfvitzGNMq2VCUVkd"}]}]}]}