45歲程序員發帖：我精通各種技術體系，卻連個面試機會都很難得到

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"程序員難逃“中年危機”？"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"45 歲程序員在國務院網站發帖求職"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，一位45歲的程序員 Mary 在中國政府網"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/hudong\/2021-11\/01\/content_5648121.htm","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"留言求職"}]},{"type":"text","text":"引發關注。Mary 在留言中稱："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我是一名計算機專業出身的軟件開發人員，今年45歲，精通Java的各種技術體系，包括微服務、大數據等技術，並能應用到實際工作中，幫助所在公司提升、改造所使用的技術框架，業餘我還考取了PMP項目管理證書、系統架構師證書，成爲所在公司的系統架構師、核心技術骨幹。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我對計算機理論的理解也隨着實踐的增多越來越深刻，我感覺我的職業生涯進入一生中最好的時刻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在我兒子讀初二上學期時，我辭職回家陪伴兒子。半年後，當我再回來尋找工作機會的時候，卻發現連個面試機會都很難得到，更別提發揮自己的專業特長了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在國家鼓勵延遲退休，我覺得，40歲以上的有經驗的專業技術人員此刻正是自身職業發展的黃金時期，他們找工作時不能被年齡限制了。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/a8\/58\/a82ab4e8eda745da2220a76e3eb3df58.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這則留言在網絡上迅速引發討論，並引起了很多人的焦慮共鳴，有網友認爲，“類似情況又何止發生在程序員身上呢？”“很多企業卡35歲，是一種人才浪費和年齡歧視。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，中年危機是一個普遍的社會問題，很多行業或企業在招聘時都存在一定的年齡限制。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前，上海一位高學歷、曾任職外企高管的王先生給當地政府寫了封求助信，信中稱，48歲的他已經失業3年了，他在松江區求職無門，靠微薄的失業金和偶爾掙到的諮詢費勉強度日。不過好在最終上海就業促進中心通過協助辦理求職登記、指導完善簡歷、推薦崗位等，幫助王先生找到一份民企市場部副總的工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着我國人口老齡化進程加快，大齡求職者比例也在逐年上升。公開數據顯示，2020年2月至9月，在智聯平臺投遞簡歷的35歲及以上求職者同比增長14.9%，增速爲35歲以下求職者的兩倍以上；其中，35歲至49歲求職者同比增長13.5%，50歲及以上求職者同比增長32.4%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過與之形成鮮明對比的是，很多企業在招聘啓事裏都會設置一道年齡線，不接受40歲、45歲以上的求職者，有時甚至不接受35歲以上的求職者。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"法治日報認爲，中年人再就業難有兩個因素：一方面，一些企業一味追求利益最大化，缺乏社會責任感；另一方面，一些中年求職者預期高、要求高、不太好管理。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"程序員的 35 歲危機"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於程序員這個羣體來說，35歲的危機感明顯要更重一些。“不要 35 歲以上的中年人，再便宜也不要”。雖沒有明文，但 35 歲定律已是國內科技互聯網公司招聘標準裏的“潛規則”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此前有資深程序員在接受 InfoQ 採訪時表示，“因爲程序員的工資普遍高於其他行業，一旦這個行業不要你了，（薪資）可能會面臨斷崖式下跌，所以纔會有危機”。一位 35+ 程序員曾在求職網站自述，他在今年年初被裁後的 2 個月裏，瘋狂海投簡歷、面試，只拿到了 6 個非大廠 offer，最終他決定平薪入職其中一家。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"35 歲是一道界線分明的職場分水嶺，最尷尬莫過於“高不成、低不就”。很多人會選擇在 35 歲的當口轉型以度過中年危機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一般來說，35+ 程序員的職業路徑主要有三個大方向：技術專家、技術管理、跨行業就業（非技術向）。其中，技術管理是很多程序員都會選擇的路，這也是正常的職場晉升流程。不過，並非所有程序員都適合做管理，二者在思維和工作性質上有很大不同，此外，從技術到技術管理要跨過的“坎”也不少。而對於在 35 歲沒能轉管理的程序員，年齡焦慮則更加明顯。有聲音甚至認爲，“程序員35歲之後不轉管理只能混喫等死”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與之對比的是，在國外，似乎隨處可見35歲以上的程序員。比如Netflix高級軟件工程師Rob Fletcher（45 歲）、Prevas A\/S高級軟件設計師Ebbe Kristensen（62 歲）、Actian 公司軟件架構師Roger Whitcomb（60 歲）、DisplayLink首席軟件研究員Alec Cawley（60+ 歲）等等。已經退休的 65 歲 Python 之父 Guido van Rossum 去年甚至因爲覺得退休生活太無聊了，重返職場成了微軟“打工人”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"至於中國的程序員爲什麼普遍遇到 35 歲危機，Juicedata 創始人 &CEO 劉洪清早前"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/fHzJrZzMzvCee17RcrM0","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在接受 InfoQ 採訪"}]},{"type":"text","text":"時表示，這種差異與兩個國家的 IT 行業的發展歷史有關。美國的 IT 行業從上個世紀 70 年代開始發展，而中國差不多晚了 20 年。在這種時代背景下，國內年長的程序員的數量肯定要少很多，中國四十歲以上的第一代程序員，相當於美國六十歲以上的那一代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自 1994 年中國接入國際互聯網開始，從 PC 到移動互聯網，中國出現了三次大的互聯網浪潮，帶動國內 IT 行業在最近 10 年 -20 年間獲得了井噴式增長，程序員數量也迎來爆發。這促使整個從業者羣體的年齡結構更加年輕，再加上管理層的“空白”，公司需要有經驗的程序員去做管理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"到這裏你可能就明白爲什麼中年危機會聚焦在 35 歲了。在中國，時代的紅利已經讓最早的一批程序員（70 後）實現了財富自由，他們用不着焦慮。而隨着產業壯大，時代紅利漸消怠，80 後成了第一批遇到這個問題的羣體。沒有前人的經驗可以借鑑，而更有年齡優勢的 90 後，00 後正在快速成長，80 後程序員的焦慮感可能更重。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如何打破職場中年危機？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"35 歲定律就像一把高懸在頭頂的達摩克利斯之劍，懸而不落的狀態最“折磨”人。但時間永在流逝，沒有人能避免 35 歲的來臨。如果一個程序員隨着年齡的成長，每天還只是在重複做着基礎工作，那麼當 35 歲來臨時，危機大概率也會找上門。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對抗 35 歲危機，不能打無準備的“仗”。最關鍵的是，一定要對自己有清晰的人生定位。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果真的熱愛技術，希望在技術領域長期發展下去，就要持續學習，以讓自己在技術上有積累，有系統化的理解和認知。如果有志向轉型管理，那也要做相應的準備，注意培養自己的管理思維。而對於那些覺得幹這行不是特別突出，競爭力相對較弱的普通程序員來說，提早準備 Plan B ，探索第二職業，謀求合適的時機轉型 ，也不失爲明智之舉。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"總之，無論是繼續堅守技術道路還是轉型，遵從自己的內心和志趣是最重要的，也都少不了持續學習，方能打破 35 歲悖論。商業世界瞬息萬變，必須緊跟腳步才能不被時代拋棄。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了個人努力突破職業瓶頸，提高自身能力和放平心態外，要想解決中年人找工作難的問題，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/view.inews.qq.com\/a\/20210712A0252400","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"法治日報"}]},{"type":"text","text":"認爲，還需要有關部門出臺針對性強的政策引導、加強培訓，需要企業提升社會責任感。"}]}]}