騰訊雲竇賢明:單一數據庫不能解決所有問題

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在數據量持續爆增、數據日益多樣化的今天,傳統數據庫的迭代速度已經追不上數據的增速,且企業對數據庫計算和存儲能力的要求越來越高。面對當前的挑戰和機遇,國產數據庫廠商的研發創新速度不斷加快,可以說雲計算時代的到來,扭轉了國外商業數據庫一家獨大的局面。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,國產數據庫領域正處於百花齊放的狀態,已經有越來越多的行業巨頭參與到了數據庫的建設中,騰訊雲便是其中之一。爲了更深入地瞭解"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloud.tencent.com\/?fromSource=gwzcw.2212127.2212127.2212127&utm_medium=cpd&utm_id=gwzcw.2212127.2212127.2212127","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊雲數據庫"}]},{"type":"text","text":"的發展歷程,從而進一步透視國產數據庫的發展方向,InfoQ 和騰訊雲數據庫專家工程師竇賢明聊了聊雲數據庫的發展、前景與挑戰。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"單一數據庫不能解決所有問題"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"進入基礎軟件領域已有十餘年光景,竇賢明親歷了雲數據庫從零到一的建設過程,作爲整個浪潮的參與者和見證者,他對技術、產品以及市場都有着更加深刻的認識。據他介紹,當開發人員在部署一個傳統數據庫時,需要涉及購買硬件、部署機房、建立網絡、部署實例、規劃資源等等一系列操作;在維護傳統數據庫時,還需要進行擴容、監控、告警、日誌、參數設置等等操作,而云數據庫的出現便能夠更加輕鬆、簡單地實現上述工作。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發人員可以直接在雲數據庫控制檯完成數據庫的申請和創建,幾分鐘內便能準備就緒、投入使用,通過雲數據庫提供的控制檯,還可以對所有實例進行統一管理。雲數據庫還支持物理備份、邏輯備份、備份恢復及秒級回檔等功能,以此來保障數據的安全性。此外,傳統數據庫的價格高昂,動輒就需要投入數十萬元的成本採購設備,而云數據庫則能夠按需付費,用多少付多少。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘管相較於傳統數據庫,雲數據庫已經能夠幫助企業解決大部分問題,但竇賢明告訴 InfoQ:“單一數據庫不可能解決所有問題,雲數據庫在存儲成本、HA 切換、網絡瓶頸方面依然存在優化的空間。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如下圖所示,Master 和 RO 雖然對應的是同一份數據,但在存儲上實際有六份數據;而每多加一個 RO 節點就會多出三份數據,也使得整個集羣的存儲副本數近一步放大;高吞吐的數量會使網絡問題成爲瓶頸,在共享存儲側也有大量網絡浪費。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/f9\/f9d19d0560dcdcae046a7317aaf85cea.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生數據庫應運而生"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前,竇賢明與他團隊研發的"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloud.tencent.com\/product\/cynosdb","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲原生 MySQL"}]},{"type":"text","text":"(TDSQL-C MySQL)、雲原生 PostgreSQL(TDSQL-C PostgreSQL)便能夠很好地解決存儲成本、彈性擴容等問題。作爲新一代企業級雲原生分佈式數據庫,它的初衷是爲了讓運維人員更省心,讓數據庫的運維變得簡單,具體來說,TDSQL-C 有以下產品特點:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"全面兼容:100% 兼容開源數據庫引擎 MySQL 5.7 和 8.0 以及 PostgreSQL 10。幾乎無需改動代碼,即可完成現有數據庫的查詢、應用和工具平滑遷移。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"高性能:具有商用數據庫的強勁性能, 最高性能是 MySQL 數據庫八倍、PostgreSQL 數據庫的四倍。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"海量存儲:最高 128TB 的海量存儲,無服務器 Serverless 架構,自動擴縮容,輕鬆應對業務數據量動態變化和持續增長。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"快速恢復:計算節點實現無狀態,支持本地和跨設備的秒級故障切換和恢復;支持基於快照的秒級備份和回檔。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據高可靠:集羣支持安全組和 VPC 網絡隔離。自動維護數據和備份的多個副本,保障數據安全可靠,可靠性達 99.9999999%。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"彈性擴展:計算節點可根據業務需要快速升降配,秒級完成擴容,結合彈性存儲,實現計算資源的成本最優。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TDSQL-C MySQL \/ PostgreSQL 基於共享存儲實現了存算分離架構,Master 和 RO 是基於一份數據放在共享存儲中,RO 只從共享存儲中讀取所需的 page,不需要寫入存儲,並且 RO 可以從主庫接收 WAL 在緩存中重放,以此保持緩存中 Page 持續更新。這樣一來,雲原生數據庫便解決了業務容量和計算節點的擴容的問題。TDSQL-C 還能夠自動判斷計算層面的資源,實現計算關停和熱啓動,且啓動時間大概在 3s 以內即可完成。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/e5\/e53c16e070e03deddcc8c60b1c916753.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 11 月 4 日的騰訊數字生態大會 Techo Day 上,騰訊雲副總裁李綱還宣佈了雲原生數據庫 TDSQL-C 的全新升級:吞吐率提升 50%、將 IO 延遲降低 80%,整體性能提升 85%;帶來全新形態 Serverless,通過全局工作流預測以及動態擴縮資源,進一步降低成本,做到真正的按需計費。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"攻克最嚴苛的領域"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在竇賢明看來,現階段雲數據庫能夠解決企業怎樣的問題想必已經沒有分歧,但對於一些傳統企業來說,畢竟要將自己所有的業務數據遷移到公有云上,安全性成了他們最大的顧慮。關於這一點,他表示:“扭轉行業內的固有認知是當下的一大挑戰,雲是一門信任的生意,需要長期積累的過程才能扭轉這樣的局面。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"那麼,對於騰訊雲數據庫來說,怎麼做才能加速對行業的滲透?“只要攻克了最爲嚴苛的領域,就能證明我們可以滿足絕大多數企業的需求。”竇賢明給出了這樣的答案。而由於金融領域本身的業務特點,使其在數據一致性、高可用,性能成本以及水平伸縮等方面都有非常嚴苛的要求,也因此,金融領域成爲騰訊雲數據庫勢必要攻克的一塊高地。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"騰訊雲副總裁李綱也曾公開表示:“國產數據庫的發展一般會經過互聯網企業、民生政務、傳統行業應用、金融核心業務這幾個階段的打磨,其中金融行業對數據庫要求最爲苛刻,不僅數據容錯度低,而且還要符合信息安全等級規範。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲國產分佈式數據庫的重磅產品,"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/cloud.tencent.com\/product\/tddbms","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TDSQL "}]},{"type":"text","text":"在背後支撐了全國第七次人口普查、防疫健康碼、張家港農商行核心系統的落地應用等等,且服務了國內前 10 大銀行中的 6 家;在政務、電信運營商等領域,也已經服務了超過 3000 家金融政企客戶。此外,在保險行業,TDSQL 正在幫助太平洋保險集團實現全面數據庫國產化。在這個項目中,TDSQL 的 Oracle 兼容性得到了充分驗證,兼容度高達 98% 以上,這能幫助業務在極短時間內,極小業務改動量的情況下,快速完成測試驗證和上線。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在採訪過程中,竇賢明還爲我們介紹了一個“微服務 + 國產分佈式數據庫”的架構案例:崑山農商行將新核心系統劃分成公共服務微服務集羣、賬務微服務集羣和歷史微服務集羣,並把這三個微服務集羣運行在一套 TDSQL 集羣中。由於 TDSQL 保障了微服務間一致性讀的問題,使得企業在應用微服務組織結構的同時,也能解決存儲分佈式擴容的問題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"持續迭代數據庫的五個基本能力"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"縱觀騰訊雲數據庫產品家族,包含了關係型數據庫、非關係型數據庫以及數據庫遷移、智能運維、可視化平臺等相關應用。除了兼容主流的 MySQL、MariaDB、Redis、Mongo 等開源技術,騰訊雲數據庫也有內部自研的產品分佈式數據庫 TDSQL 和雲原生數據庫 TDSQL-C,基於這樣多點開花的局面,也讓我們不禁產生了一個疑問:面向未來,騰訊雲數據庫重點突圍的方向會是什麼?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“穩定、安全、易用,高效、成本低”竇賢明這樣告訴 InfoQ,由於基礎軟件與應用軟件在迭代速度上有着很大的不同,所以它不可能一天一個新概念。在他看來,做數據庫要學會坐冷板凳,需要朝以上五個基本能力持續演進、迭代並逐步做到極致。竇賢明介紹說:“當前我們已經做到了 99.95%,未來需要朝 99.99%,甚至更高的目標去努力。”因爲當雲數據庫沒有了穩定性、可靠性、安全性等最基本的東西,一切都將成爲空談,也勢必會被市場所拋棄。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“在接下來的 5~10 年裏,國內數據庫行業將會出現一個很大的變化,相信過不了多久,大家會認可國產數據庫是更好的數據庫。”而這句話背後,不僅僅代表了騰訊雲數據庫的信心,更體現出了國產數據庫從業者的底氣與實力。"}]}]}
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