2021 Google 開發者大會一覽，同步Android、TensorFlow、Web開發等最新動態

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11月16日，"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/developersummit.googlecnapps.cn","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 Google 開發者大會"}]},{"type":"text","text":"以 “Develop as One” 爲主題在線上舉辦，Google大中華區總裁陳俊廷在開幕演講中表示，今年穀歌專門打造了簡體中文版的Google Play學院，目前已上線107門中文課程，涵蓋7個主要領域，方便開發者瞭解如何使用Google產品或服務構建應用、提升開發能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，谷歌首次發佈 "},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/developers.google.cn\/learn\/pathways?utm_source=webexplore&utm_medium=official&utm_campaign=gds21","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Google 開發者在線課程"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，包含 80+ 文章、110+ 視頻深度解析、170+ 引導式編程練習 (Codelab) ，覆蓋 10+ 項Google產品或服務，貫穿整個應用開發的生命週期。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本次大會上，谷歌還發布了"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/oss.uppmkt.com\/202110\/gpdf\/2021%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E5%85%A8%E7%90%83%E5%8C%96%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97.pdf","title":"","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《2021 移動應用全球化指南》"}]},{"type":"text","text":"，針對移動應用全球化的市場前景與行業機會進行了分析與解讀。《移動應用全球化指南》指出，社交、照片與視頻和個人提升是未來移動應用全球化的機會窗口，值得應用開發者重點突破。指南還建議有志於進行全球化拓展的應用開發者，針對業務拓展所處的不同階段，制定有序增長框架，從而實現長期可持續發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"人才培養是谷歌在中國推動行業共同進步的重要一環。據陳俊廷介紹，作爲去年推出的“Grow with Google”成長計劃的一部分，谷歌與網易有道合作推出的“谷歌數字人才培養計劃”，至今已培訓超 3 萬名全球化數字營銷人才。此外，谷歌也與近200家企業合作提供了上千個就業機會，幫助年輕學生匹配職業發展機會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在主題演講中，關於技術產品和工具方面，來自谷歌的工作人員同步了關於Android、TensorFlow、Web、Firebase、Flutter等內容的新動態。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多元技術工具"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Android 12 本次發佈有三個關鍵：用戶界面、性能和隱私。Android 12推出了全新的設計語言 Material You，讓用戶界面選擇更具個性化，同時能適配不同尺寸的屏幕和設備；提升性能方面，系統限制了應用使用通知trapoline，進而改進用戶點擊通知、打開應用時的應用啓動問題；在支持的設備上新增了“隱私信息中心”，向用戶展示有哪些應用獲取了設備的麥克風、相機或位置等權限。優化升級過後，包括三星 Galaxy、一加、OPPO、realme、TECNO、Vivo 和小米在內的廠商都將推出搭載 Android 12 的手機。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，還有專爲大屏幕設備打造的 Android 12L 更新——包含API級別的更新改進，針對大屏幕設備重新設計了操作系統，新增多任務支持，更新了兼容模式等等，持續爲Android 平板電腦、Chrome OS 設備和可摺疊設備用戶和開發者提供服務。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在開發者設計用戶界面的時候，一般都不會只考慮豎屏的手機，Jetpack Compose 可以讓用戶界面實現全面自適應，所有UI都用代碼描述，在運行時可以輕鬆地決定界面的樣子，不需再依賴資源限定符。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ARCore"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據介紹，全球 ARCore by Google 認證設備已經超過 10 億臺。Google大中華區 AR\/VR 熊子青表示，AR（增強現實）已不再只是吸眼球的科技名詞，越來越多的AR體驗正在走進更多人的生活，從各方面改變了學習、購物甚至出行的方式。ARCore自2017年發佈第一版以來，到現在已經有超過20次的版本迭代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"透過攝像頭重現環境的深度，一直是AR的重要課題。爲此，谷歌去年發佈深度 API（Depth API），化身爲 3D 測量建模工具、實景交互遊戲等應用，已經在全球超過 3.8 億臺 Android 設備上使用。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/17\/1713c6843e297c1ed1b615b68b09fc62.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"抖音開發了基於ARCore的深度 API 視覺特效，用戶可以將任意視頻包覆到任意物品表面"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，今年ARCore新發布的錄製與回放API（Recording and Playback API）可以大幅度簡化AR應用的開發和測試，開發者可以同時錄製AR視頻和IMU傳感器數據，然後完整重現或修改AR視頻。對用戶來說，錄製與回放API消除了AR時空、設備間的限制。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TensorFlow"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TensorFlow全球產品總監Kemal EI Moujahid介紹了Keras 框架和 TensorFlow Hub，幫助開發者輕鬆上手，讓開發更省時省力，提供多種多樣的預訓練模型，協助解決各類型應用的機器學習問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kemal舉了知衣科技的案例。知衣科技"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"使用 TensorFlow 來訓練他們的模型以構建 3D 試衣功能"},{"type":"text","text":"，用戶可以便捷地按圖片來搜索風格類似的衣服，這讓設計師省去了製作實物服裝樣品的麻煩，從而節省時間和成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"模型的部署方面，**TensorFlow.js 已支持 TensorFlow Lite 模型，無需環境設置，**一鍵啓動，幫助開發者更高效、便捷地在 Web 環境中進行開發。利用 TensorFlow Lite 可以構建具備機器學習功能的原生移動應用，輕鬆覆蓋 Android 和 iOS 平臺上的數十億用戶。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開源解決方案 TFX 旨在整體解決機器學習應用中的挑戰，同時兼具公平性和包容性，提供集成公平性指標和隱私工具包，實現更負責任的機器學習項目實踐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/c1\/c1870882bc4f331f01930a63ca2ed6c6.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"TFX 開源解決方案高效管理運營"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Web\/Chrome OS"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"谷歌去年推出的核心網頁指標 Core Web Vitals 是爲了開發者更好地衡量和持續確保網站的優秀性能。與一年前相比，達到指標門檻的 Chrome 網頁瀏覽量增加了 20%，也就是說，現在有60%的網頁瀏覽量達到了這些門檻。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據介紹，阿里旗下的全球速賣通業務通過重點關注這些核心網頁指標並做了大範圍改進後，其會話持續時間增加了30%，跳出率降低了15%，加入購物車率提升了15%。這一切是由於他們改進了Service Worker緩存方式，優化了圖片，並降低了JavaScript傳輸量。騰訊視頻的用戶平均網頁瀏覽量和點擊率分別提升了150%和70%，方法是在每次新版發佈前，將核心網頁指標整合到日常監控和代碼審覈中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隱私安全方面，Chrome 多年來主導的 The Privacy Sandbox 項目致力於不斷改進 Web 平臺的隱私保護基本措施，降低對用戶信息的跨網站跟蹤能力。同時，谷歌強調 Web 也在積極改進 API 兼容性以支持更多應用，隨着越來越多的主流開發者使用WebAssembly，將現有的C++代碼引入瀏覽器，這爲在Web再利用現有的代碼開啓了新機遇。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Firebase"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Firebase Crashlytics 能夠在應用發佈之後更快跟蹤、分類和解決崩潰問題，特別對於遊戲開發者，一系列新發布的 NDK 和 Unity 功能有助於確保遊戲快速且穩定的運行。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年 Google I\/O 大會上發佈了一項名爲 “個性化” 的新功能，利用谷歌的機器學習功能自動爲每一位用戶提供個人專屬的最佳體驗，自動學習哪些類型的用戶對哪些難度設置的反應最好，目前這功能已經進入beta版階段。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Flutter"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"中國已經是最大的Flutter社區之一。字節跳動選擇在超過70款應用中使用Flutter，騰訊不但在微信中使用Flutter，最近也用了Flutter桌面端，開發企業微信的新功能。此外，在遊戲領域，《絕地求生》最近發佈的玩家社區功能，也是用Flutter打造。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前Flutter現已推出的 2.5 穩定版進一步提升了多平臺體驗，並支持了攝像頭插件。下一階段，谷歌計劃着重改進Flutter在Windows上的無障礙功能，並強化3個桌面平臺測試的基礎設施。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本次大會上谷歌還宣佈，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"DartPad package 支持的 beta 版正式發佈"},{"type":"text","text":"，開發者可以在 DartPad 裏直接導入並使用最熱門的 package，將來會根據開發者的使用和反饋情況把支持範圍擴大到更多package。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，Flutter 谷歌移動廣告插件的穩定版正式發佈：同時支持 AdMob 和 Ad Manager，增添了開屏廣告、自適應尺寸廣告，廣告中介等新功能，幫助 Flutter 開發者增加廣告收益。"}]}]}