90後女博士談反內卷，稱科研不應攀比論文數，“唯論文論”該休矣

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“唯論文論”該休矣。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"90後女博士後：科研不應攀比論文數"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，#90後女博士後稱科研不應攀比論文數#登上微博熱搜，引起熱議。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上述話題中的90後女博士名叫周思益。今年29歲的她是一位女性理論物理學家，本科畢業於中國科學技術大學，博士畢業於香港科技大學，目前在神戶大學做二期博士後，主要研究方向爲宇宙學、弦理論和場論。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"周思益被稱讚爲“物理天才少女”。在科研之外，她還是一位短視頻博主，她在KS上開設了科普賬號“弦論世界”，艱深晦澀的物理學知識在她的解讀下也變得更加通俗易懂起來。周思益希望通過做科普短視頻鼓勵更多女孩學物理。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同濟大學退休教授吳於人也跟周思益一樣熱衷於科普。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年72歲的她退休後嘗試利用短視頻傳播科普內容，希望讓學生用不刷題、更有趣的方式學習物理、愛上物理。近期吳教授的視頻在網絡上走紅，在全網吸引了上百萬粉絲，她還被粉絲們親切地稱爲“吳姥姥”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11月15日，兩位科普博主在一場直播中展開了對談，討論了物理學習的那些事兒，也對一些科研界的熱門話題進行了探討。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二人從考試刷題聊到了“反內卷”話題。對於“反內卷”，吳於人教授表示，反內卷、不刷題的本質是不焦慮。她認爲做事要抓住事件的本質，做題要少而精，反內卷要反“有害的內卷”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"周思益表示，現在很多科研人員攀比論文數量。在她看來，刷論文和應試刷題道理是一樣的，做科研不應去比論文數量，而是要真正的去做研究。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"上述觀點引發了很多科研從業者的共鳴。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一位博士在某社交平臺表示希望國內科研的環境變得更好，但一個很現實的問題是，如果不用學術論文數量來衡量科研能力，又該用什麼衡量呢？他認爲，不應完全拋棄以“SCI論文數量\/質量”作標準，應在此基礎上引入其他多維評價參數。此外還需加強完善代表作制度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有網友表示，論文數量不應該成爲科研攀比的工具，搞好研究纔是科研的本質要求 ​。但也有自詡是“底層科研民工”的網友無奈表示，“說是不攀比，但制度在那裏啊....”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"微博新知博主馬力對此評論稱，科研人員想評職稱、申請科研基金等都需要論文，有些人就找捷徑寫一些正確但無用的灌水論文。大量灌水論文的存在，加上不合理的評價體系導致大量科研經費被浪費了，科研領域的經費分配方式、職稱評價體系亟待改進。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"AI 頂會論文注水嚴重，科研評價體系機制設置不合理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在AI領域，學術界的“唯論文”論也產生了很多亂象。例如，近些年，在AI頂會論文爆發式增長背後，濫竽充數的水論文規模也令人咋舌。論文注水、抄襲、造假等學術不端的現象層出不窮。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"有數據顯示，在 IJCAI 2020 大會所提交的 5147 篇提交論文中，有 2191 篇論文被拒稿，拒稿率高達 42%，很多論文止步在了 summary reject 階段，連正式審稿過程都沒進入。這意味着有近半數的論文在質量上不達標，水分很大。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"深度學習大神李沐曾這樣總結灌水文的特徵：小白文一般來說是基於前面的工作，做一點細微的改動，然後有理有據的把結果寫下來。這樣一方面通過實際動手熟悉這個領域，另一方面練習寫作。但從讀者的角度來說，這些小白文十有八九是灌水。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他還提到了一組耐人尋味的數據，如果回翻任一頂會前 10 年的論文集，會發現，90%論文的主要是給作者練手，剩下的 9%可能會啓發數個人，真正能啓發很多人的論文就是那 1%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"曾在學術界深耕多年後投身工業界的 AI 專家鄭凜之（化名）曾在接受 InfoQ採訪時稱，即便是頂會，大部分文章都沒有什麼實質性創新，這稱之爲‘Borderline 文章’，這類文章錄用有運氣的成分在裏面。這種碰運氣心理也是讓很多人去投稿的原因之一。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“一些人做科研急功近利，工作做的不紮實、不深入，很多問題沒有研究或闡釋清楚就着急出手，更有甚者錯誤連篇，文章猶如粗製濫造，對他人形成了誤導”，NLP 領域專家楊明然（化名）認爲，頂會論文灌水背後與學術界的評審機制、價值取向、社會風氣等因素有關。現在很多學校和機構盲目強調期刊、會議等級、論文數量，且新的頂會、期刊層出不窮，論文越收越多。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年 2 月，深度學習先驅 Bengio 在自己的博客發文直指當下頂會論文發表模式的弊病 — 被拒再投，一稿多投，大家都在 Dealine 之前疲於趕場。他認爲，這種“會議發表”模式對提升研究質量來說弊大於利，迫切需要變革。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"好在，現在很多機構已經意識到這個問題，並注意設置機制來改變“注水”風氣。一些會議已在論文評審機制上做出改進，如設置過濾機制、要求提交源代碼等。如IJCAI2020 首次引入了 desk reject 機制，SPC 會在 5-10 分鐘內通判論文情況，質量不合格的直接過濾掉。ICML 2019 、ICLR 、 NeurIPS 等會議也在嘗試將增加實驗代碼和數據作爲論文提交的一個選項。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"科技界內卷嚴重"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"學術科研變得越來越現實，能夠保持純粹科研初心的學者少之又少了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日，58歲的中國科學院院士馬大爲談到了科技界的內卷現象，他表示，很多大學和研究單位沒有按照科研的規律招PI（Principal Investigator，學術帶頭人、首席研究員），實際上相對於世界一流大學，我們每個大學的PI都是超員的。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這就導致了嚴重的內卷，很多年輕科研工作者在面臨這些壓力時，首先想到的是生存。“他就做一些短平快的研究。有些問題可能10年8年也不一定能解決出來，儘管這些問題是非常重大的，但他覺得如果這樣做很有可能研究沒做出來，人已經被‘非升即走’的制度給趕走了。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬大爲表示，目前國內科研的現狀是，只要文章論文發表的多，觀點新穎，那麼人馬上就名利雙收了。這就導致很多人不好好研究，多選擇一些比較容易出成績的短平快項目。而短平快的研究很難產生重大影響，也難以將成果轉化成現實生產力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因爲科研人員也需要養家，需要買房，需要社會地位和認可，讓他們潛下心來去搞科研是可以，但是薪資待遇也得養家，於是現實讓他們不得不放棄遠大的理想，先去抓住一些見效快的小項目，可見科研環境是多麼的浮躁。“其實我們國家的科研人員數量也不少，質量也不差，只是大環境的問題消耗了很多人的鬥志，讓很多人無法潛心鑽研”, 馬大爲說。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自2018年以來，國家出臺了多項政策規範“唯論文論”現象，推進科研改革。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"去年2 月，科技部正式印發了《關於破除科技評價中“唯論文”不良導向的若干措施（試行）》通知，通知的核心目標是改進科技評價體系，明確要求破除科技評價中過度看重論文數量多少、影響因子高低等“唯論文”不良導向。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"變革不是一日之功，學術研究經年累積形成的風氣和制度體系可能很難在短時間內改變。這些改進舉措是否有成效還需要時間來驗證，但令人欣慰地是，科研評價體系的各個參與方已經在做出努力，期待這些不良學術風氣能夠在不久的將來有所改善。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"參考鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"http:\/\/k.sina.com.cn\/article_3164957712_mbca56c1005301rrwh.html"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"https:\/\/www.163.com\/dy\/article\/GOVE3QV705118KMO.html"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"size","attrs":{"size":10}}],"text":"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/499396331\/answer\/2227703228"}]}]}