我們不需要元宇宙

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"  "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"從早期建立自由主義烏托邦的幻想，到按計劃早應該全面取代傳統汽車的自動駕駛車輛，硅谷從來不乏前景看似光明、但卻始終無法實現的技術提案。元宇宙可能也會遭遇同樣的夭折命運，但這個概念的提出本身就會影響深遠。元宇宙並非烏托邦式的願景，而是科技巨頭們擴展規模的又一個機會。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"越來越多企業入場"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"馬克·扎克伯格一直強調，已經構思好了民衆未來的社交方式。10月28日，扎克伯格正式提出對於“元宇宙”計劃的願景，即爲用戶打造一個能夠閒逛、購物和工作的虛擬環境。這個“更加身臨其境的互聯網”，應該至少具有以下幾個元素："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"能夠呈現用戶形象的共享社交空間。現在的社交媒體上，用戶形象用自選頭像表示。元宇宙中，這個形象是可以移動、說話、完成規定動作等的定製化形象。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"一個持久的“世界”，供用戶形象居住和互動。類比現實世界的空間和土地資源。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"擁有虛擬財產的能力。最近人們試圖用去中心化的NFTs跟蹤和建立虛擬商品所有權，這樣的NFTs可以在不同公司控制的元宇宙間自由流通。但現實中，這種NFTs的標準制定和公司間的合作幾乎不可能實現。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"創建虛擬財產的能力。用戶可以創建自己的內容，來豐富元宇宙。但如果控制該元宇宙的公司想從中獲利，版權問題等都是需要解決的。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"交換和出售虛擬財產的能力。但像虛擬土地“所有權”屬於用戶還是公司這類問題，目前也沒有解決辦法。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"多個大公司可以共享知識產權。實現不同公司控制的元宇宙之間的交互並非易事。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"通過 VR 或 AR 眼鏡實現 3D 遠程呈現。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"“瞭解元宇宙的最好方法是親自體驗它，但這有點困難，因爲它還不完全存在。”扎克伯格說道。元宇宙的實現，一方面要求Facebook等科技巨頭支持元宇宙概念並開發出必要的技術方案，另一方面則要求公衆接受新的生活狀態：花更多時間坐在家裏戴虛擬裝置，而不再每天接觸現實的物理世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.infoq.cn\/resource\/image\/0e\/29\/0ed79cc2e8b78265dc0afac8728b0029.png","alt":null,"title":"","style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":"","fromPaste":false,"pastePass":false}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"元宇宙應用端的落地需要依靠底層技術以及硬件設備技術的進步"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在過去十年來許多大議題相繼失敗之後，科技行業迫切需要一個新的框架來吸引資金，而元宇宙正是其中最突出的備選方案。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在扎克伯格發表主題演講的幾周後，已經有不少企業決定接納元宇宙這一基本設想，同時也表示出元宇宙本身的強大可塑性。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"11月2日，微軟CEO薩蒂亞·納德拉圍繞企業與遊戲議題發表了自己的元宇宙演講。他強調稱，元宇宙的概念囊括現有視頻聊天和協作工具，同時也涉及像《光暈》和《我的世界》這樣的遊戲。這類元宇宙應用將通過虛擬環境得到顯著增強。納德拉提到，元宇宙將幫助微軟“將計算嵌入現實世界，同時也將現實世界嵌入計算。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"雖然無法確定元宇宙是不是真像納德拉表述的那麼有吸引力，但他對於遊戲和工作的關注可能確實準確反映出元宇宙的最終效用。大衆無法確定自己最終是否會像融入互聯網那樣融入虛擬環境，不過遊戲廠商和辦公軟件供應商顯然希望達到這樣的效果，並且也在積極引導大衆參與其中。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從遊戲中汲取的靈感"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"近期，圍繞元宇宙引發的熱烈炒作是以遊戲產業發展爲基礎的。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"尼爾·斯蒂芬森在《雪崩》小說中率先提出了元宇宙的概念，歐內斯特·克萊恩的《頭號玩家》則用現代工業的力量展示了元宇宙美輪美奐的可能樣貌。這些作品甚至成了Facebook旗下Oculus事業部員工人手一份的指導材料，幫助研究人員瞭解如何將靈感同遊戲元素結合起來。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"去年，風險投資者Matthew Ball發表了一篇頗具影響力的文章，以《堡壘之夜》爲核心對元宇宙展開投資宣傳。他認爲，《堡壘之夜》最初只是一款遊戲，但很快演變成一個社交廣場。玩家們匯聚於此，在百人大逃殺的核心遊戲體驗之外又自發建立起了新的社交空間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"各企業開始在這款遊戲中舉辦以《星球大戰》等電影爲主題的活動，並邀請到Travis Scott和Ariana Grande等知名藝術家參加線上音樂會。此外，遊戲內還出現了源自漫威或DC角色的定製物品。《堡壘之夜》的盈利模式就這樣建立了起來：玩家把真錢兌換成V-buck，再用這種代幣購買遊戲內的虛擬商品或者支持遊戲定期更新內容的“戰鬥季票”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Ball認爲元宇宙將超越當前《堡壘之夜》，同時繼承上面已有的社交與商業模式，他甚至把《堡壘之夜》稱爲元宇宙概念的“理想原型展示”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Epic Games公司CEO Tim Sweeney也抓住元宇宙的熱點幫自己籌集到了不少資金，但同時又對當前科技巨頭的所作所爲大加抨擊。他宣稱元宇宙應該是個開放且可互操作的平臺，而非封閉的生態系統。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲了支撐自己的觀點，Epic公司就App Store分成條款起訴了蘋果。但法官在訴訟中指出，Epic想努力打贏官司的目的是拿回一大筆可觀的收益。既然大家都是爲了自己的利益，那再用道德抨擊就有些荒謬了。這也反映出科技行業發展史上的一大趨勢：開放與個人賦權往往最終要讓位於企業利益。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在更廣泛的遊戲領域，EA、Square Enix、Take Two乃至Ubisoft等重量級廠商也紛紛跟進，最近還就NFTs發表了積極聲明。部分廠商正在考慮製作“邊玩邊賺錢”的遊戲作品，通過激勵玩家不斷遊戲以獲得有價值的可轉售NFT項目，最終實現投機性投資與遊戲的合二爲一。實際上，隨着虛擬商品產生大量金錢，遊戲會開始成爲越來越多玩家的工作。在這樣的背景之下，元宇宙確實有望徹底改變人們的工作方式。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"砸向企業員工的一記鐵拳"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"多年以來，技術行業一直在顛覆人們對於工作就業的基本觀點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"上世紀八十年代，以蘋果爲代表的硅谷企業就開始推行層級更爲分明的工作結構。由於經濟大衰退，零工經濟由此誕生。基於應用的服務交付渠道將一個個工人轉換爲獨立承包商、同時剝奪他們作爲僱員的權利與福祉。而元宇宙的上線，將再次給我們剛剛熟悉的工作方式帶來新的變化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"正如最近微軟公告及Facebook Horizon Workrooms所表達的觀點，工作類應用將成爲元宇宙的核心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"爲什麼巨頭們突然就對虛擬辦公環境有了興趣？因爲在新冠疫情期間，包括技術人員在內的相當一部分勞動力搬到了偏遠地區，而安逸的生活讓不少從業者不想重回大城市。於是企業就部署了一系列軟件跟蹤自己的員工，確保他們不在辦公室時也不會偷懶。元宇宙應用給這類需求提供了新的可能性：即使不在實體辦公室，身處虛擬辦公室的員工也將隨時隨地受到老闆的密切監控。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"這種轉變可能比擴大監控範圍更重要。Uber和亞馬遜等企業不僅早在2010年初就推出了用於限制工人自主權並提高生產目標的算法管理系統，而且通過零工經濟和Mechanical Turk等平臺擴大了參與計件外包服務的人員規模。Ball寫道，元宇宙將成爲“下一個重大勞動力平臺”，而扎克伯格則表示元宇宙讓“人們無論住在哪裏，都能找到工作和生存空間。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"在硅谷越來越依賴於合同工和外包服務的背景之下，元宇宙的迅速升溫顯然不是什麼好事。零工從業者們警告說，這種業務模式全面擴散的第一步就是降低他們的待遇標準。更確切地講，元宇宙上搭建起的工作場所很可能成爲砸在員工身上的又一記沉重鐵拳。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"而靠遊戲賺錢也早就不是什麼新鮮事了。在2000年初，亞非拉地區的不少工人就從事打金代練之類的業務，包括在大型多人在線遊戲中賺取遊戲貨幣、再把這些代幣出售給手頭更加闊綽的西方國家玩家。但正如Merchant在最近的《技術救不了人類》一文中所言，“雖然這一切會讓虛擬勞動力逐步成爲現實，但同時也提高了工人們伸張自身權利、獲得尊重的難度，也更難將自己的訴求傳達給僱主。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙的現實意義"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"元宇宙是個廣闊的願景，也預示着數字技術將進一步統治我們日常生活的各個方面。我們在疫情期間被迫花費更多時間使用數字服務、而非接觸現實世界，科技企業的收入和利潤隨之飆升。雖然元宇宙的普及速度不會像扎克伯格的設想那麼快，但只要這個概念還在推進，它終有一天會成爲遊戲玩家和某些工作從業者無法迴避的現實。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"多年以來，電子遊戲廠商已經成功改變了遊戲開發方式與在遊戲中嵌入貨幣化策略的思路。這不僅能夠實現利潤最大化，也讓企業能夠輕鬆將特定服務強制引入工作環境，並最終蔓延到消費市場，Slack與Zoom就是這方面最典型的案例。不過，我們仍有辦法阻止這一切。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"2017年，EA爲了平息玩家們的怒火而撤銷了《星球大戰：前線II》遊戲中的微交易與戰利品盒系統。玩家們之所以不滿，是因爲這種設計的底層邏輯是“越氪越強”，逼着玩家們不斷花錢。爭議出現之後，不少國家\/地區的監管跟進此事，Gamesindustry.biz特約編輯Rob Fahey認爲邊玩邊賺錢這種業務模式很可能將面臨類似的審查。除此之外，科技行業自身也爆發出愈發壯大的勞工運動——一旦僱主開始試探道德的邊界、或者將某些同事置於危險當中，員工就會集體發聲對僱主施以反擊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"時至今日，元宇宙只是給某種虛擬現實或增強現實遊戲起了個更好記、更有野心的新名字。元宇宙概念只在科幻小說中有所體現，而且背後一直缺少深刻的現實意義。尼爾·斯蒂芬森在1992年的小說《雪崩》中第一次創造出這個詞彙，但書中對於元宇宙這個夢想環境如何替代現實世界、如何運轉自洽其實所言甚少。更爲諷刺的是，作家們提到元宇宙時一直在警告我們要遠離——它非常危險。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"《雪崩》的作者一直在強調元宇宙在本質上非常危險。《雪崩》的書名來自小說中元宇宙住民使用的一種數字藥物，其對神經的有害影響不僅作用於虛擬環境之內，也會延伸到外部現實。扎克伯格等人其實曲解了元宇宙小說的表達內容。但這種對危險氣息的敏銳判斷並沒有在當下的這場元宇宙技術幻想中得到體現。相反，科技巨頭覺得這個概念有寶可挖。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"科技行業的CEO們很清楚，幾十億人的大部分日常生活仍然存在於電腦屏幕之外。他們買車、做園藝、約會、坐在湖邊打發時間。無論怎樣，沒有任何一家科技企業能夠真正佔領人們的閒暇時間。但也許還有另外一種選擇：只要引導公衆放棄對滿足慾望具體方式的執着，就能讓他們慢慢習慣在虛擬世界裏達成幻想。慢慢地，他們開始適應遠離現實的生活，轉而沉迷於看似美好、但早已被資本化滲透殆盡的虛擬世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"目前，這種還不具備很強的技術可行性，但這不重要。重要的是衆多科技企業關注這個方向，並意識到了其中的可能性：即使只是個假設，元宇宙也確實解決了物理、商業、政治等現實層面的難題。如果成爲現實，那麼元宇宙最終將建立起“公司國家”或者說“國家公司”，這個超大版亞馬遜能夠將原材料、供應鏈、生產製造、分銷乃至使用等所有元素彙總到同一個服務體系之內。而這也成爲我們永遠無法逃離的消費黑洞。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":"Facebook已經沒了，現在只有Meta。硅谷已經準備好講“元宇宙”的故事，我們應該思考技術行業到底在怎樣利用科技成果支撐其商業利益，並找到真正能夠爲公共利益服務的另外一條技術道路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"相關鏈接："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2021\/11\/facebook-metaverse-mark-zuckerberg-play-to-earn-surveillance-tech-industry","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"https:\/\/jacobinmag.com\/2021\/11\/facebook-metaverse-mark-zuckerberg-play-to-earn-surveillance-tech-industry"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2021\/10\/facebook-metaverse-name-change\/620449\/","title":null,"type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"underline"}],"text":"http:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2021\/10\/facebook-metaverse-name-change\/620449\/"}],"marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"color","attrs":{"color":"#494949","name":"user"}}],"text":" "}]}]}