“殺死”CentOS ,替代品 Rocky Linux 8.5 發佈

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近日,Rocky Linux 團隊宣佈推出 Rocky Linux 8.5,此版本的主要更新之一是首次支持安全啓動,且可用於 x86_64 和 aarch64 (ARM) 架構。Rocky Linux 的誕生旨在將 CentOS 延續下去,對此,創始人 Rocky LinuxGregory M. Kurtzer 表示:“Rocky Linux 是一個社區企業操作系統,該操作系統與 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 100% 兼容。”"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 新特性"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"支持安全啓動"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 引入了一項重要功能,即支持安全啓動。這也是 Rocky Linux 的第一個版本,其中包含官方 Rocky Linux 簽名的安全啓動墊片,但用戶需要對其進行驗證以確保其正確激活。因此,開發人員要求用戶在安裝 Rocky Linux 8.5 後運行一些命令:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sudo dnf install -y keyutilssudo keyctl show %:.platformsudo mokutil --sb"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"新模塊"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此版本還帶來了新模塊:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Ruby 3.0nginx 1.20Node.js 16"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更新組件"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此版本帶來了來自 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.5 版本的更新組件,包括 :GCC 11、LLVM 12.0.1、Rust 1.54.0、Go 1.16 .7、PHP 7.4.19、Squid 4.15、Mutt 2.0.7、OpenJDK 11.0.13 和 8.0.312 等。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"最快的鏡像"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 版本切換到 FastestMirror DNF 插件,爲用戶提供網絡安裝過程中最快的鏡像,這意味着在使用僅啓動媒體時不再需要 URL 存儲庫。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除此之外,Rocky Linux 8.5 繼承了 RHEL 8.5 的許多新功能和增強功能,例如增強的 Cockpit Web 控制檯、更好地支持容器化應用程序、新系統角色、對 NTP 的網絡時間安全 (NTS) 支持以及對 OpenJDK 17 的支持。現有的 Rocky Linux 8.4 用戶安裝更新可輸入命令行:$ sudo dnf -y upgrade。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux 8.5 發行說明:https:\/\/docs.rockylinux.org\/release_notes\/8.5\/#secure-bootRocky Linux 8.5 下載地址:https:\/\/rockylinux.org\/download\/"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"停止維護 CentOS 引開發者不滿"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 12 月 CentOS 官網正式宣佈,將停止維護 CentOS,並將更多資金和人力投入到 CentOS Stream 中。原定於支持到 2029 年 5 月份的 CentOS 8 將於 2021 年12 月31 日壽終正寢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"然而,此消息一出便引發了廣大開發者的強烈不滿。具體爲何呢?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"我們需要了解到,Red Hat Enterprise Linux(RHEL)是Red Hat開發的一款商業Linux發行版,它提供了服務器版和桌面版。Red Hat在Linux發行版上有兩個主要的社區項目:Fedora 和CentOS。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多年來,Fedora一直充當RHEL的上游。這意味着新功能和更改先出現在Fedora中,其中一些功能和更改會加入到下一個版本的 RHEL 中。另一方面,CentOS 是下游社區項目,RHEL引入的任何更改也將添加到 CentOS 中,因此 CentOS 向來有最穩定的發行版之稱,在開發者羣體中口碑非常高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019年9月,Red Hat 宣佈了 CentOS Stream,它是 CentOS 的滾動發行版本,介於 Fedora Linux 的上游開發和 RHEL 的下游開發之間而存在,當官方明確表示未來不會再發布由 RHEL 代碼編譯而成的 CentOS後,意味着 CentOS Stream 先行,穩定之後再發布 RHEL,所以不難理解衆多開發者對這個決策的不滿。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Rocky Linux:從RHEL分支而來的全新社區企業操作系統"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲了應對這種情況,CentOS 創始人 Gregory Kurtzer 在 Github 上發起新項目 Rocky Linux,Kurtzer 解釋起名 “Rocky” 是爲了紀念一位曾經與自己一起創立 CentOS 的夥伴 Rocky McGaugh,遺憾的是 Rocky 沒能看到 CentOS 所取得的成功,所以 Kurtzer 想以這樣的方式來緬懷曾經的戰友。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Kurtzer 表示,CentOS 以前是作爲上游供應商的下游構建而存在的(它在上游供應商之後接收補丁和更新),給開發者提供了穩定的 Linux 版本,而它未來將轉移到上游構建(包含爲上游供應商測試補丁和更新)。並且,官方對 CentOS Linux 8 的支持已從 2029 年 5 月 31 日縮短到 2021 年 12 月 31 日。這一切都與社區所期望的發展方向背道而馳。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"對於 Rocky Linux 的發展方向,Kurtzer 稱,Rocky Linux 並不會像一些開發者建議的那樣改走 Debian 或其他穩定的 Linux 發行版路線,而是堅持像曾經的 CentOS 那樣,繼續做爲 RHEL 的下游構建。項目團隊的目標是讓開發者能夠繼續用到穩定版的 CentOS。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"後 CentOS 時代,openEuler能否扛起大旗?"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Red Hat 對 CentOS 發行策略的改變,使得衆多在生產環境中使用 CentOS 作爲服務器系統的公司和開發者不得不尋找 CentOS 替代品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但從目前的形勢來看,當前 CentOS 的替代方案更多來自於國外的團隊,對於國內很多需要從 CentOS 遷移到其他服務器系統的廠商來說,仍然存在受限的隱患,在這種情況下,國內二次開發的 CentOS 下游版本無疑成爲選擇之一,其中一個項目可以重點關注:"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":5},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"openEuler"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"openEuler 是華爲的 Linux 發行版,2019年開源,現在託管在 Gitee 上。官方表示 openEuler也是面向全球的操作系統開源社區,通過社區合作,打造創新平臺,構建支持多處理器架構、統一和開放的操作系統,推動軟硬件應用生態繁榮發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2019 年 12 月 31 日,openEuler 開源代碼上線;"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 3 月 27 日,openEuler 開源社區正式發佈 openEuler LTS 20.03(Long Term Support)版本,這標誌着 openEuler 已經有了成熟的規模商用能力;"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021年11 月 9 日,華爲攜手社區全體夥伴共同將openEuler正式捐贈給開放原子開源基金會,這意味着,openEuler 自 2019 年年底開源後將進入新的運營階段。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"儘管openEuler 發展迅猛,但是不可否認,其仍處於項目初期,未來能否替代 CentOS 還需要時間驗證。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考鏈接:https:\/\/www.theregister.com\/2021\/11\/16\/alma_and_rocky_linux_release\/"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}}]}
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