騰訊雲潘安羣：把企業級分佈式數據庫做到極致

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據庫是舊市場，也是新市場，是一個既成熟又有新機遇的戰場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"舉些例子："}]},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第七次全國人口普查：750萬終端、十億級數據，實時入庫、實時統計、實時分析，這是對系統極致彈性、大併發計算以及連續穩定的挑戰。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"健康碼：覆蓋全國10億人口以上，上線3個月即累計亮碼200億次，考驗的是系統對極速流量突增場景的應對。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"平安銀行，是行業首例銀行核心系統數據庫從傳統集中式大型機下移至國產分佈式架構的案例，打破數十年國外商業數據庫的壟斷。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些場景，對傳統集中式數據庫提出了極大地挑戰。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當傳統技術架構逐漸難以滿足產業互聯網時代的需求，轉型升級是必然的趨勢選擇。當前，雲計算技術作爲當前企業IT架構的不二之選，已走過探索實踐階段，迎來了多樣化、規模化的發展時期。同時，隨着國家對數據庫等基礎技術設施的自主可控要求越來越明確，國產化替換成爲國家戰略。在技術升級和國產替代雙重驅動下，國產數據庫獲得了前所未有的歷史新機遇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面對歷史新機遇，基礎技術創新要如何爲產業帶來新的能力驅動，在近日"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/theme\/118","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021騰訊數字生態大會"}]},{"type":"text","text":"上，騰訊雲數據庫技術負責人潘安羣，圍繞“將企業級分佈式數據庫做到極致”的主題，分享了騰訊雲數據庫TDSQL的一些工作和思考。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雲時代數據庫技術趨勢"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先隨着雲計算的發展，整個IT 基礎技術發生了翻天覆地的變化："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"l IT設施從零散走向集中化、規模化。過去，每一個企業自建各自的數據中心等 IT 基礎設施，包括服務器、網絡到操作系統、數據庫等，形成企業市場上零散化的 IT 設施模式。而今天基於雲計算服務，企業 IT 設施呈現集中化、規模化效應，對效率、性能、成本的要求提升。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"交付方式從軟件交付走向服務交付。過去購買商業化軟件，或者是使用開源軟件產品，基本是通過商業化或開源的方式進行分發，而現在完全變成一個個服務的形式進行交付。這帶來的變化是，用戶不需要再盤算該購買幾臺服務器，而是在具有數據庫使用需求時，直接雲上使用即可，企業IT人員不再需要自己去維護這些數據庫軟件。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"開發方式從底層（IaaS+PaaS）走向上層（SaaS）。即呈現從過去業務進行非常底層的開發以及調用底層 API 等操作的模式，轉向 SaaS 化、Severless 模式的服務。在雲上，開發者可以使用各種各樣的 SaaS 服務。無論從效率、基礎技術能力等方面來說，這都是一個巨大的變化。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"數據形式及應用場景從單一化走向多樣化。過去傳統行業，比如金融行業，最核心是記賬、結算，業務形式比較簡單，但現在金融行業所面臨的是要做互聯網化、數字化的全面升級，包括各行各業都在做數字化升級，數據形式已經不再是過去傳統數據庫那樣簡單的模式，而是數據形態、訪問模式等會越來越多樣化。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於這樣的變化，我們認爲未來的數據庫應該是：單引擎極致化，加多引擎自治融合的DBaaS服務。那麼具體表現爲："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"單一引擎極致化。垂直場景在雲上的規模化，使得我們必須將單引擎做到極致，才能進一步放大規模效應。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"多引擎統一智能融合。而業務形態的多樣化，單一數據庫包打天下的時代已經過去，多引擎化成爲必然趨勢。當然我們不希望讓用戶陷入選擇，我們希望對客戶來說，多即是一。如何做到多即是一，如何做到在超大規模數據庫集羣的一體化，智能化是決定這場變革成敗的關鍵因素。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"DBaaS交付。基於多引擎智能融合，做到服務即交付，即交付給客戶的是一套完整數據庫服務，而不是一堆軟件。這是我們在企業級市場的理念。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TDSQL產品核心能力演進和突破"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在以上理念下，今年TDSQL產品多個引擎持續實現了相應的突破。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"產品演進的驅動力：企業級市場核心場景挑戰"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“國產化+數據爆發+複雜度提升”是數據庫行業底層驅動力。隨着金融政企技術系統對國產化、數字化改造升級的需求加速，國產企業級分佈式數據庫單引擎極致能力主要受到金融級核心系統應用能力、快速平穩“去O”、新形互聯網業務轉型等需求和挑戰驅動，實現技術突破。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先，總結而言，數字化時代金融、政務、互聯網、電商等企業對分佈式數據庫的應用需求體現在以下4個方面："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）支持穩態業務的核心應用能力需求持續增強：表現爲需要數據庫系統在高可用、強一致、穩定可靠的基礎上，同時實現高性能、高可擴展，滿足業務穩定、快速發展過程中對基礎技術要求。與此同時，核心應用關係企業系統最核心的交易，改造起來時間長、投入大，對國產數據庫的技術以及服務能力要求進一步提高。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（2）平穩快速“去O”：除了核心應用，金融政企系統中還有大量周邊系統或者次核心應用，這些核心應用往往有幾百上千套系統，由於歷史原因需要短期之內快速“去O”，並基於國產分佈式數據庫快速上線，如第一個月上線10個系統、第二個月上線20個系統……快速完成“去O”的場景需求，要求國產數據庫產品對Oracle兼容具備極高的兼容能力，並能做到高可用、強一致。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）自動彈性擴縮容、應對敏態業務需求加大：業務在進行數字化轉型過程中，場景化、線上化是大勢所趨，這意味着技術系統中的數據吞吐量、業務形態、數據訪問和計算管控等也將隨之發生巨大變化，變得更加敏捷、多樣化，即面臨更多的不可預知性，對底層技術系統在靈活性與擴展性方面提出全新的要求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）海量數據複雜分析場景需求加大：在數字化業務的融合升級中，數據處理的規模大幅增長，對處理的實時性和效率有更高要求，因此亟需實現對海量數據的複雜分析、實時計算處理能力。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TDSQL產品核心能力演進和突破"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/f3\/f3fd17534bac52ee9a7d1ba73ae2609c.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"針對上述場景需求和挑戰，TDSQL從不同應用場景匹配不同引擎，爲客戶提供融合統一的產品服務，以及從前端管理到底層統一的智能管控體系。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（1）金融級核心交易OLTP引擎"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":nul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金融級HTAP引擎(Oracle兼容)"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/d1\/d15c986a2bcf646042da2d8b5f4edb31.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"本次大會，我們也面向行業全新發布TDSQL金融級HTAP引擎（Oracle兼容版）。這款引擎在保險、運營商等行業兼容度高達98%以上，同時在數據的一致性、高可用方面也完全滿足金融行業的要求，可以幫助金融機構在極短時間內，幾乎零成本改造的情況下，實現國產化。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（3）TDSQL全自研新敏態引擎"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/db\/dbbb874339b31c6434b9a24ed113270d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這也是本次TDSQL帶來的全新重磅發佈。TDSQL新敏態引擎100%兼容MySQL，計算\/存儲資源均可獨立全透明彈性擴縮容，實現了PB級存儲的Online DDL；計算層每個節點均可讀寫，輕鬆支撐千萬級QPS流量，可以有效應對業務的變化。針對海量數據存儲的場景，實現最高最高20倍壓縮率的超高壓縮比存儲能力，大幅節省資源成本。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"更關鍵的是，其獨有的數據形態自動感知特性，可以實現數據庫全域智能化自適應調度，能夠根據業務負載情況自動遷移，打散熱點，降低分佈式事務比例，獲得極致的擴展性和性能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"與此同時，TDSQL 新敏態引擎具有對分佈式事務完整支持的特性，支撐了上層計算引擎多主讀寫架構的實現，並與計算引擎結合實現了計算下推、分佈式事務一階段優化等多緯度優化，進一步實現分佈式數據庫系統性能極致提升，有效適配企業新敏態業務需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在騰訊內部業務實踐中，TDSQL新敏態引擎可支撐業務在保持高性能且連續服務的基礎上，一個月內完成了高達1000次表結構在線變更。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（4）TDSQL-A 分析型引擎"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/02\/0296d0f1b064da52481c62545d560392.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年5月份我們發佈了分析引擎TDSQL-A，今天將迎來再次的全面升級。我們在架構上實現了計算與轉發雙平面的基礎上，全新自研了列式存儲引擎，搭配全新的智能執行引擎，向量化執行性能有10倍以上的提升，同時憑藉業界獨有的分佈式延遲物化技術，大幅優化了分佈式場景下關聯查詢的計算效率，可以幫助客戶進一步挖掘數據價值。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"（5）智能統一管控"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/0b\/0bf6c74256b6b0edf7531444e9af6423.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這是騰訊雲數據庫智能統一管控平臺，可讓數據在不同引擎之間自由流動，更好地支持業務快速發展。具體包括："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以超過769個接口能力，支持系統實現不同應用場景靈活調用、一鍵運營；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實現90%常見故障秒級診斷及SQL優化建說議的智能運維體系，大幅降低系統運維複雜度；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於多源同步工具，實現多引擎數據秒級同步，對業務屏蔽引擎差異；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"實現插件式負載均衡管理，進一步提升可用性。目前支持F5、LVS、TGW、VPCGW等多種……"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":1},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"TDSQL 應用場景突破"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"   "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，TDSQL已服務近半國內TOP20銀行，TOP10銀行中服務比例也高達60%。同時，TDSQL在不同金融機構核心系統中的滲透率明顯提升，如金融核心系統客戶超過20家，率先實現行業突破，包括平安銀行、張家港農商行、崑山農商行等銀行、保險、券商機構。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在電信運營商等行業場景，騰訊雲數據庫TDSQL也實現了率先突破，如在2021年中標某省移動核心系統從傳統集中式大型機系列下移至國產數據庫項目，是行業首家運營商核心系統數據庫分佈式國產化改造項目。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"無論是在銀行還是保險、政務等行業，TDSQL在關鍵領域的標杆頭部客戶已具有豐富的成功案例實踐。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於大量大規模銀行核心系統應用實踐，TDSQL一路走來經歷了最嚴苛的考驗。我們認爲，國產數據庫即將進入規模化的階段，我們希望未來五年能夠爲1000家金融機構實現核心系統數據庫國產化改造升級，也希望廣大合作伙伴與我們一同實現這個國產數據庫的長期事業。感謝！"}]}]}