{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在大量並行讀請求、讀多寫少的業務場景下，本文利用Sysbench 性能測試工具，研究基於【負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster MGR 的讀寫分離架構】能夠有效地利用橫向擴展MySQL實例的讀物能力，並最終提高應用系統 QPS。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在大量並行讀請求、讀多寫少的業務場景下，本文利用Sysbench 性能測試工具，研究基於【負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster MGR 的讀寫分離架構】能夠有效地利用橫向擴展MySQL實例的讀物能力，並最終提高應用系統 QPS。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL Group Replication（M GR）於 2016 年 12 月被推出，了高可用、高擴展、高可靠的 MySQL 提供服務。但僅解決數據同步問題和其內部的自動故障轉移。應用系統可能需要修改數據庫連接地址，才能保證服務的可用性。爲解決上述問題，可在MRG上層增加代理層，例如ProxySQL。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ProxySQL 於 2015 年被推出，是一個開源、高可用性、協議探索的 MySQL 代理。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1）可通過節點的只讀值，自動調整它們是屬於讀組還是寫組；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2）可定製的基於用戶、基於schema、基於語句的規則對SQL語句進行訪問，實現讀寫分離；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3) 支持搭建ProxySQL Cluster來達到高可用，節點之間的配置可自動同步。"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"負載均衡是將流量分發至多臺節點設備上的服務。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1) 可通過刪除單點故障，提升應用系統的可用性；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2) 可降低大量的綜合訪問，提高應用系統的處理能力。"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":4,"normalizeStart":4},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sysbench 是一個開源的、線程探索的測試、跨平臺的多性能工具。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、壓測目的"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於Sysbench的oltpreadonly壓測模式，對比【負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR的讀寫分離】和【應用直連MySQL Master】這兩種架構的只讀性能："}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建立讀寫讀寫性能數據；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"驗證讀寫架構在大量併發讀請求場景下的宣講；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析各模塊和參數對拆解資產業績的影響。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、壓測結論"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.1. 讀寫讀寫讀寫性能數據"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在Sysbench oltpreadonly壓測模式下，【4層負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR 讀寫分離】架構的QPS與併發線程數關係如下表所示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/62\/62daa7eec675628cb178e9062dac1ae0.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ps\/”表示由於Sysbench機器CPU完成，完成測試，無實驗結果。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.2. 只讀場景下編寫的文檔"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先簡單瀏覽下實驗對比圖和結果，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/9d\/9db6ee77057473dbeda57f87274d46f7.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/92\/9204ea3110bead006cec1080cb45df25.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/f3\/f383fcc59b9280aacf6d47d24b9c9b88.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ps“\/”表示：由於Sysbench機器CPU完成，完成測試，無實驗結果實驗結果證明："}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在不引入負載均衡、ProxySQL Cluster中間件的理想情況下，【連MGR 2個只讀實例】QPS應用能達到100w，爲【應用連直MySQL Master】的只讀QPS等37w的2.7 倍。該結果驗證了 MGR 架構在大量併發讀請求場景下的有效性。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":2,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但實際上，如要保證應用系統高可用，則需要增加負載均衡、ProxySQL Cluster 等中間件，而這些中間件或多或少會帶來性能損失。 MGR 讀寫出版】自己的只讀 QPS 閱讀爲 89w，大約【應用直連 MySQL Master】的只讀 QPS 報告 37w 的 2.4 倍，該結果驗證了【4 層加載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR 讀】寫原稿】架構在大量併發讀請求場景下的文章。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3. 各模塊和參數對剝離架構績效的影響"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"【4層負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR讀寫分離】框架的QPS 濱海周邊【直連MGR 2個只讀實例】QPS周邊100w的89%。其中，ProxySQL Cluster帶來約11%的性能但 ProxySQL 的 CPU 佔用率最高只有 57%，還需要 57% 的時間才能進一步有效利用 ProxySQL。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":2,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 https:\/\/github.com\/sysown\/ProxySQL\/issues\/1724，參考 CPU 核數增加 ProxySQL 的 mysql-threads 變量值，即增加 ProxySQL 用於處理 MySQL 流量的後臺線程數，能有效提升 QPS（如將）線程數 4 增加至 16，QPS 從提升了 3.3 倍），但目前尚未壓測出 ProxySQL 的 CPU 持續提升到 100% 的場景。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"橫向擴展ProxySQL實例數，能有效提升QPS（實例數增加1至2，QPS提升1倍）。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":4,"normalizeStart":4},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將 7 層負載均衡實際 4 層，由在應用層進行流量分配改成在傳輸層，降低網絡性能，在實驗中提升了 1 倍 QPS。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":5,"normalizeStart":5},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可知https:\/\/ProxySQL.com\/blog\/benchmarking-ProxySQL-144\/，本身ProxySQL的mysql-max_stmts_per_connection變量值（20增加至100），讓單獨可以處理更多的準備語句，但實驗中影響 QPS。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、壓測詳情"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1. 壓測環境"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/44\/440bceeff0171c0c8b37e6ab2f4aff02.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，還安裝了nodeexporter、mysqlexporter、proxysql_exporter來監控OS、MySQL和ProxySQL，方便定位問題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.2. 壓測指標"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 每秒執行請求數 QPS（Queries Per Second），數據庫包含執行的 SQL 數 INSERT、SELECT、UPDATE、DELE、COMMIT 等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 95% Latency (ms) 95% 請求的延遲時間完全查詢請求中的 95% 在發出到接收結果的平均時間。延遲越小延遲。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3. 實驗設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲減少乾淨，每輪實驗重複 3 次。每次任務執行完之後，等待 300 秒，讓系統及時處理未完成任務，進入下管道壓測。壓測後除了利用 Sysbench 自帶的清理才清理數據，還額外把垃圾桶清理乾淨，清潔磁盤空間影響一次壓測。模塊設置下可以看到變。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.1 MySQL設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• MGR：單模式。共3個節點，其中1個只寫節點，2個只讀節點。max_connection 設爲3000。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• Master-Master：主主同步，其中只有 1 個 Master 提供讀寫服務。max_connection 設爲 3000。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.2 ProxySQL 設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• mysql_user 的transaction_persistent 表字段：設置爲1，表示在某節點內啓動的事務將保留在該節點內，而與其他評論規則。用於避免以下問題的操作操作：事務有混合的讀和寫組成操作，事務未提交前，如果事務中的讀操作和寫操作訪問到不同節點，讀取到的結果是髒數據。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent) values('MGR','MGR',1,1);\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• mysqls 表的 max_connections：允許連接到該實例的最大連接數，不能超過 MySQL 設置的 max_connections，因此設爲 3000。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• mysql_group_replication_hostgroups 表：配置MGR writerhostgroup、readerhostgroup 的hostgroupidProxy。SQL 會通過視圖來監控MGR 節點等是否正常，是否開啓了讀取結果、擠壓事務數調整了單個MGR 節點所屬的hostgroupid，具體對應可在runtime_mysql_servers中查看。 insert into mysql_group_replication_hostgroups(writer_hostgroup,backup_writer_hostgroup,reader_hostgroup,offline_hostgroup,active,max_writers,writer_is_also_reader,max_transactions_behind,comment) values(1,2,3,4,1,0,'-test,1r ;"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"-- 可以有寫組有1個節點，讀組有2個節點，均在正常工作"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/4a\/4a9895d0f8e4ca68c7cfbe853b0dfc4c.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"•查詢規則：根據SQL的正則表達式匹配，讀請求評論至讀組，寫請求評論至寫組。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"——將寫請求評論到寫組"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules (rule_id,active,username,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES (200,1,'mgr','^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE ,1,1);"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"——將讀請求評論到讀組"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules (rule_id,active,username,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES (201,1,'mgr','^SELECT',3,1);"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 變量變量mysql-threads：ProxySQL 用於處理MySQL 流量的後臺線程數。默認值爲4，實驗中發現，增加至16 值可致命實驗提升QPS，因此除了變量該變量的參數調優，其他實驗中該變量值16。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"set mysql-threads=16;顯示變量，如'mysql-threads';"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/51\/511c5478693724fd73216af3437d869e.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.3 Sysbench 設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 實驗基於Sysbench的oltpreadonly只讀模式。該模式下，一個事務包含14個讀SQL（10條主鍵點查詢、4條範圍查詢）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• oltpreadonly 模式的壓測命令"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"準備數據："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sysbench --db-driver=mysql --mysql-host=XXX --mysql-port=XXX --mysql-user=XXX --mysql-password=XXX --mysql-db=dbtest --tables=1 -- table-size=10000000 --report-interval=1 --threads=XXX --rand-type=uniform --time=120 --auto-inc=on \/usr\/local\/share\/sysbench\/oltp_read_only.lua 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CPU 核數來增加 ProxySQL 的 mysql-thread 變量值，可更進一步提升 QPS。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"四、總結"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"【4層負載均衡+代理SQL集羣+MGR讀寫分離】適用於大量讀請求場景，只讀QPS能達到89w，左右【應用直連MySQL Master】的只讀QPS 37w的2.4倍。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"參考機器的 CPU 核數增加 ProxySQL 的 mysql-threads 變量值，即增加了用於處理 MySQL 流量的後臺線程數的 ProxySQL，能有效提升 QPS（如將線程數從 4 增加至 16，QPS 提高了 3.3 倍）。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"橫向擴展ProxySQL實例數，能有效提升QPS（實例數增加1至2，QPS提升1倍）。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將7層負載均衡按4層，由在應用層進行流量分配改成在傳輸層，能降低網絡性能並提高QPS。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"次次實驗中，ProxySQL 集羣帶來約 11% 的性能損失，幾乎沒有帶來性能損失。但是 ProxySQL 的 CPU 佔用率最高只有 57%，還需要汽車探索才能進一步有效利用 ProxySQL。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"參考文獻："}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/dev.MySQL.com\/doc\/refman\/5.7\/en\/group-replication.html"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/ProxySQL.com\/documentation\/ProxySQL-Threads\/"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/ProxySQL.com\/blog\/ProxySQL-vs-maxscale-persistent-connection-response-time\/"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.percona.com\/blog\/2020\/08\/28\/ProxySQL-overhead-explained-and-measured\/"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/github.com\/sysown\/ProxySQL\/issues\/1724"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":6,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/www.percona.com\/blog\/2017\/04\/10\/ProxySQL-rules-do-i-have-too-many\/"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"作者簡介："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"雷宏姧，網易遊戲技術部數據庫系統工程師。參與海量高級數據庫生產環境故障排查和優化，熱衷於 MySQL 技術原理、災難失敗和高研究可用方案。"}]}]}
ProxySQL + MySQL MGR 自拆書架的Sysbench 只讀壓測報告
{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在大量並行讀請求、讀多寫少的業務場景下，本文利用Sysbench 性能測試工具，研究基於【負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster MGR 的讀寫分離架構】能夠有效地利用橫向擴展MySQL實例的讀物能力，並最終提高應用系統 QPS。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"前言"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在大量並行讀請求、讀多寫少的業務場景下，本文利用Sysbench 性能測試工具，研究基於【負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster MGR 的讀寫分離架構】能夠有效地利用橫向擴展MySQL實例的讀物能力，並最終提高應用系統 QPS。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"MySQL Group Replication（M GR）於 2016 年 12 月被推出，了高可用、高擴展、高可靠的 MySQL 提供服務。但僅解決數據同步問題和其內部的自動故障轉移。應用系統可能需要修改數據庫連接地址，才能保證服務的可用性。爲解決上述問題，可在MRG上層增加代理層，例如ProxySQL。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ProxySQL 於 2015 年被推出，是一個開源、高可用性、協議探索的 MySQL 代理。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1）可通過節點的只讀值，自動調整它們是屬於讀組還是寫組；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2）可定製的基於用戶、基於schema、基於語句的規則對SQL語句進行訪問，實現讀寫分離；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3) 支持搭建ProxySQL Cluster來達到高可用，節點之間的配置可自動同步。"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"負載均衡是將流量分發至多臺節點設備上的服務。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"1) 可通過刪除單點故障，提升應用系統的可用性；"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2) 可降低大量的綜合訪問，提高應用系統的處理能力。"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":4,"normalizeStart":4},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"Sysbench 是一個開源的、線程探索的測試、跨平臺的多性能工具。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一、壓測目的"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"基於Sysbench的oltpreadonly壓測模式，對比【負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR的讀寫分離】和【應用直連MySQL Master】這兩種架構的只讀性能："}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"建立讀寫讀寫性能數據；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"驗證讀寫架構在大量併發讀請求場景下的宣講；"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"分析各模塊和參數對拆解資產業績的影響。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"二、壓測結論"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.1. 讀寫讀寫讀寫性能數據"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在Sysbench oltpreadonly壓測模式下，【4層負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR 讀寫分離】架構的QPS與併發線程數關係如下表所示。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/62\/62daa7eec675628cb178e9062dac1ae0.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ps\/”表示由於Sysbench機器CPU完成，完成測試，無實驗結果。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.2. 只讀場景下編寫的文檔"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"首先簡單瀏覽下實驗對比圖和結果，"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/9d\/9db6ee77057473dbeda57f87274d46f7.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/92\/9204ea3110bead006cec1080cb45df25.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/f3\/f383fcc59b9280aacf6d47d24b9c9b88.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ps“\/”表示：由於Sysbench機器CPU完成，完成測試，無實驗結果實驗結果證明："}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在不引入負載均衡、ProxySQL Cluster中間件的理想情況下，【連MGR 2個只讀實例】QPS應用能達到100w，爲【應用連直MySQL Master】的只讀QPS等37w的2.7 倍。該結果驗證了 MGR 架構在大量併發讀請求場景下的有效性。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":2,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"但實際上，如要保證應用系統高可用，則需要增加負載均衡、ProxySQL Cluster 等中間件，而這些中間件或多或少會帶來性能損失。 MGR 讀寫出版】自己的只讀 QPS 閱讀爲 89w，大約【應用直連 MySQL Master】的只讀 QPS 報告 37w 的 2.4 倍，該結果驗證了【4 層加載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR 讀】寫原稿】架構在大量併發讀請求場景下的文章。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2.3. 各模塊和參數對剝離架構績效的影響"}]},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":null,"normalizeStart":1},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":1,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"【4層負載均衡+ProxySQL Cluster+MGR讀寫分離】框架的QPS 濱海周邊【直連MGR 2個只讀實例】QPS周邊100w的89%。其中，ProxySQL Cluster帶來約11%的性能但 ProxySQL 的 CPU 佔用率最高只有 57%，還需要 57% 的時間才能進一步有效利用 ProxySQL。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":2,"normalizeStart":2},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":2,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"根據 https:\/\/github.com\/sysown\/ProxySQL\/issues\/1724，參考 CPU 核數增加 ProxySQL 的 mysql-threads 變量值，即增加 ProxySQL 用於處理 MySQL 流量的後臺線程數，能有效提升 QPS（如將）線程數 4 增加至 16，QPS 從提升了 3.3 倍），但目前尚未壓測出 ProxySQL 的 CPU 持續提升到 100% 的場景。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":3,"normalizeStart":3},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":3,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"橫向擴展ProxySQL實例數，能有效提升QPS（實例數增加1至2，QPS提升1倍）。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":4,"normalizeStart":4},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":4,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"將 7 層負載均衡實際 4 層，由在應用層進行流量分配改成在傳輸層，降低網絡性能，在實驗中提升了 1 倍 QPS。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"numberedlist","attrs":{"start":5,"normalizeStart":5},"content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":5,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"可知https:\/\/ProxySQL.com\/blog\/benchmarking-ProxySQL-144\/，本身ProxySQL的mysql-max_stmts_per_connection變量值（20增加至100），讓單獨可以處理更多的準備語句，但實驗中影響 QPS。"}]}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"三、壓測詳情"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.1. 壓測環境"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/44\/440bceeff0171c0c8b37e6ab2f4aff02.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另外，還安裝了nodeexporter、mysqlexporter、proxysql_exporter來監控OS、MySQL和ProxySQL，方便定位問題。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.2. 壓測指標"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 每秒執行請求數 QPS（Queries Per Second），數據庫包含執行的 SQL 數 INSERT、SELECT、UPDATE、DELE、COMMIT 等。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 95% Latency (ms) 95% 請求的延遲時間完全查詢請求中的 95% 在發出到接收結果的平均時間。延遲越小延遲。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3. 實驗設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲減少乾淨，每輪實驗重複 3 次。每次任務執行完之後，等待 300 秒，讓系統及時處理未完成任務，進入下管道壓測。壓測後除了利用 Sysbench 自帶的清理才清理數據，還額外把垃圾桶清理乾淨，清潔磁盤空間影響一次壓測。模塊設置下可以看到變。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.1 MySQL設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• MGR：單模式。共3個節點，其中1個只寫節點，2個只讀節點。max_connection 設爲3000。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• Master-Master：主主同步，其中只有 1 個 Master 提供讀寫服務。max_connection 設爲 3000。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.2 ProxySQL 設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• mysql_user 的transaction_persistent 表字段：設置爲1，表示在某節點內啓動的事務將保留在該節點內，而與其他評論規則。用於避免以下問題的操作操作：事務有混合的讀和寫組成操作，事務未提交前，如果事務中的讀操作和寫操作訪問到不同節點，讀取到的結果是髒數據。"}]},{"type":"codeblock","attrs":{"lang":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":" insert into mysql_users(username,password,default_hostgroup,transaction_persistent) values('MGR','MGR',1,1);\n"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• mysqls 表的 max_connections：允許連接到該實例的最大連接數，不能超過 MySQL 設置的 max_connections，因此設爲 3000。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• mysql_group_replication_hostgroups 表：配置MGR writerhostgroup、readerhostgroup 的hostgroupidProxy。SQL 會通過視圖來監控MGR 節點等是否正常，是否開啓了讀取結果、擠壓事務數調整了單個MGR 節點所屬的hostgroupid，具體對應可在runtime_mysql_servers中查看。 insert into mysql_group_replication_hostgroups(writer_hostgroup,backup_writer_hostgroup,reader_hostgroup,offline_hostgroup,active,max_writers,writer_is_also_reader,max_transactions_behind,comment) values(1,2,3,4,1,0,'-test,1r ;"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"-- 可以有寫組有1個節點，讀組有2個節點，均在正常工作"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/4a\/4a9895d0f8e4ca68c7cfbe853b0dfc4c.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"•查詢規則：根據SQL的正則表達式匹配，讀請求評論至讀組，寫請求評論至寫組。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"——將寫請求評論到寫組"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules (rule_id,active,username,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES (200,1,'mgr','^SELECT.*FOR UPDATE ,1,1);"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"——將讀請求評論到讀組"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"INSERT INTO mysql_query_rules (rule_id,active,username,match_digest,destination_hostgroup,apply) VALUES (201,1,'mgr','^SELECT',3,1);"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 變量變量mysql-threads：ProxySQL 用於處理MySQL 流量的後臺線程數。默認值爲4，實驗中發現，增加至16 值可致命實驗提升QPS，因此除了變量該變量的參數調優，其他實驗中該變量值16。 "}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"set mysql-threads=16;顯示變量，如'mysql-threads';"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/51\/511c5478693724fd73216af3437d869e.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.3 Sysbench 設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 實驗基於Sysbench的oltpreadonly只讀模式。該模式下，一個事務包含14個讀SQL（10條主鍵點查詢、4條範圍查詢）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• oltpreadonly 模式的壓測命令"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"準備數據："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sysbench --db-driver=mysql --mysql-host=XXX --mysql-port=XXX --mysql-user=XXX --mysql-password=XXX --mysql-db=dbtest --tables=1 -- table-size=10000000 --report-interval=1 --threads=XXX --rand-type=uniform --time=120 --auto-inc=on \/usr\/local\/share\/sysbench\/oltp_read_only.lua prepare"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"運行工作量："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sysbench --db-driver=mysql --mysql-host=XXX --mysql-port=XXX --mysql-user=XXX --mysql-password=XXX --mysql-db=dbtest --tables=1 --表大小=10000000 --report-interval=1 --threads=XXX --rand-type=uniform --time=120 --auto-inc=on --skip_trx=on \/usr\/local\/share\/sysbench\/ oltp_read_only.lua 運行"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"清理數據："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"sysbench --db-driver=mysql --mysql-host=XXX --mysql-port=XXX --mysql-user=XXX --mysql-password=XXX --mysql-db=dbtest --tables=1 -- table-size=10000000 --report-interval=1 --threads=XXX --rand-type=uniform --time=120 --auto-inc=on \/usr\/local\/share\/sysbench\/oltp_read_only.lua 清理"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"普通變量："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 時間：壓測總持續時間（秒），後任務未完也會被終止。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 線程：一起壓測的線程數。取值範圍[16,32,64,128,256,512,1024,1500,2048,2500,3000,3500,4096]。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"重點變量："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• skip_trx[=on|off]：默認爲off，即啓動顯式事務；啓動開啓時，不顯式事務，以AUTOCOMMIT模式執行所有查詢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 壓測時設置：sysbench --skiptrx=on；ProxySQL 的mysqluser 表的transaction_persistent=1。原因如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• Proxy 的 mysqluser 表事務的持久字段設爲 1 時，在某節點內事務將保留在該節點啓動，而與其他轉發規則內的。用於避免以下問題：一個事務有混合的讀和寫操作組成，事務未提交前，如果事務中的讀操作和寫操作訪問到不同節點，讀取到的結果是髒數據。因此，如果不開啓skip_trx，sysbench 全部請求都被ProxySQL 評論到寫組，這樣便便測不了分離的性能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• sysbench 默認使用準備好的語句，因爲本實驗需要測試使用準備好的語句的情況，因此在此不作關閉該功能的參數說明。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 設置變量--mysql-host=[host1,host2,...,hostN]，對多個MySQL同時發起發起請求。可用於同時壓測多個MySQL實例時的QPS。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"https:\/\/github.com\/akopytov\/sysbench\/issues\/19"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":4},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.3.4 實驗場景設置"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"共同設計了6個實驗場景（架構圖查看實驗結果分析），實驗目的如下："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/37\/378e3698c44765cf40630bbf378120b7.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":3},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3.4. 實驗結果分析"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗一：[MGR] vs [Master-Master]"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/d2\/d2578af70f7b28b5caca521db0090548.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗目的："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"獲取應用（sysbench）直連MGR的2個只讀實例數引發的QPS服務，確認該服務和應用直連mysql Master-Master中1臺的QPS差異。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗結果："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/c6\/c6237e70db25a5088d3f1cf41b70b61a.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/b7\/b764394403d05fc669d0a4d97a561de0.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ps\/”表示由於Sysbench機器CPU完成，完成測試，無實驗結果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• MGR QPS 物業約100w，約Master-Master 的2.67 倍。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗二：[單ProxySQL+MGR] vs [MGR]"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/04\/047b8f515b665518edd6673b28ebb17e.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗目的："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在典型應用和ProxySQL網絡延遲的情況下，確認增加ProxySQL中間件會帶來的性能損失"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗結果："}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/18\/18475c7ea9a99af559288b8b0c76ed74.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/5a\/5aaf89da635257ab94bb673f8aac2dc1.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"ps\/”表示由於Sysbench機器CPU完成，完成測試，無實驗結果。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 單個ProxySQL+MGR QPS 最大48w，大約MGR 的48%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"• 單個ProxySQL+MGR QPS最大時，ProxySQL實例CPU佔用率最高爲57%。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗結論："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在該實驗中，ProxySQL Cluster 帶來了約 48% 的損失，但此時 ProxySQL 的 CPU 佔用率還不算高，性能探索可能進一步有效利用 ProxySQL。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"italic"},{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗三：【ProxySQL Cluster+MGR】對比【單個ProxySQL+MGR】"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/b3\/b30f9212a9fceb71e0f4c49d819e07ce.webp","alt":"圖片","title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"實驗目的："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"確認橫向擴展 ProxySQL 實例化可能進一步提升 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