一千個人眼中，有一千個元宇宙

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"現在，阿弘正朝“大街”走去，那是 Metaverse 的百老匯，Metaverse 的香榭麗舍大道。它是一條燈火輝煌的主幹道，反射在阿弘的目鏡中，能夠被眼睛看到，能夠被縮小、被倒轉。它並不真正存在，但此時，那裏有數百萬人在街上往來穿行。"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這個來自《雪崩》的場景，一時間出現在各種網絡媒體、博客和公開演講中，迅速傳遍互聯網，爲無數人知曉。"}]},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/c0\/c0f3cbb24afbe8086bf651492b6ee86e.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《雪崩》"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"《雪崩》是一本出版於 1992 年的科幻小說。在小說中，尼爾·斯蒂芬森不僅對未來技術進行了一番賽博朋克式的探索：智能手機、虛擬現實和數字貨幣等，而且"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"第一次提出 Metaverse，即元宇宙"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"30 年後的今天，元宇宙概念突然火了：大到 A 股上市公司的概念，小到大家喫飯喝茶時的談資，都與元宇宙有關。例如，中青寶憑藉一款元宇宙遊戲《釀酒大師》，5 個交易日大漲 116%。資本市場被瞬間點燃。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從沉寂到爆發，2021 年元宇宙概念的升溫有三個重要節點："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"3 月，Roblox 在美國紐交所上市，首日市值突破 380 億美金，元宇宙第一股誕生。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"它率先引爆元宇宙概念"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"7 月與 8 月，先是 Facebook 宣佈五年內轉型成爲元宇宙公司，之後，字節跳動耗資 15 億美元收購 Pico。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙熱度進一步提升"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"10 月與 11 月，阿里成立 XR 實驗室，專注基於 AR、VR 相關的技術研究；Facebook 在 Connect 年度大會上宣佈公司改名爲“Meta”；微軟則在 Ignite 2021 發佈”Mesh for Teams“。"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙概念步入高潮"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"結果是，一方面，諸多公司紛紛進軍元宇宙，提升了元宇宙熱度；另一方面，元宇宙概念越來越火，又帶動了更多公司入場。但是，談起元宇宙，人們依然有很多疑問："},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙是什麼？元宇宙是風口，還是泡沫？元宇宙會改變什麼？......"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/ed\/ede2df9da7fe80f39ff6736d5ca59eda.jpeg","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":"center","origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲聯創營元宇宙高峯論壇"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"11 月 27 日，InfoQ、華爲雲聯創營、清華大學新聞學院新媒體研究中心攜手舉辦了元宇宙高峯論壇，彙集學術界、產業界、科技界和投資界大咖，包括清華大學新聞學院教授、博導瀋陽、Unity 大中華區技術總監孫志鵬、華爲雲架構與技術創新部高級專家尹青等，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"撥開元宇宙層層迷霧"},{"type":"text","text":"，與更多技術同行者共同探討元宇宙發展趨勢。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"一千個人眼中有一千個元宇宙"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"由於元宇宙仍處於初期，且缺乏公認的權威定義，所以許多人心中只有模糊的概念。以至於 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"人人都在談論元宇宙"},{"type":"text","text":"，但 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"每個人所說的元宇宙又不盡相同"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在小說《雪崩》裏，元宇宙指的是一個沉浸式的數字環境，人們在其中憑藉化身展開互動。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信通院雲大所云計算部副主任陳屹力表示，元宇宙的本質是以人爲中心，利用數字技術構建一個與現實世界連接的虛擬世界。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲架構與技術創新部高級專家尹青則認爲，元宇宙的持續發展必然離不開創新性技術的突破。因爲一直以來，創新性技術都是社會進步的驅動力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果說尹青和陳屹力從科技視角表達了對元宇宙的理解，那麼清華大學新聞學院教授、博導瀋陽則從學術界角度指出："}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙是整合多種新技術而產生的新型虛實相融的互聯網應用和社會形態。它基於擴展現實技術提供沉浸式體驗，基於數字孿生技術生成現實世界的鏡像，基於區塊鏈技術搭建經濟體系，將虛擬世界與現實世界在經濟系統、社交系統、身份系統上密切融合，並且允許每個用戶進行內容生產和世界編輯。他說：“世界上，沒有一種技術叫元宇宙，它只是一個概念。這個概念需要把多種技術整合起來。同時，這些技術要不斷升級和完善，最終爲用戶所用。”"}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"這些觀點各有側重，視角也不同，但極大擴展了我們對元宇宙的理解與認識。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在本文，我們理解"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙更像是下一代互聯網，它是人類的數字化發展過程。當有一天，人們的數字生活價值大於物理生活的那一刻來臨"},{"type":"text","text":"，這意味着"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"我們可能正式跨入元宇宙時代"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"面對元宇宙，人人都在“盲人摸象”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當前，由於元宇宙發展仍處於早期，所以沒有人可以準確地描繪出元宇宙全景。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如今，我們可以經常看到元宇宙的字眼，如 Soul 的品牌口號已調整爲“年輕人的社交元宇宙”、Roblox 被稱爲“元宇宙雛形”。但是，這些可能並不全面。雖然這每一個都有可能是元宇宙的一部分，但它們實際上並非元宇宙。換言之，我們"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"每個人談到元宇宙時都是“盲人摸象”"},{"type":"text","text":"，“只見樹葉，不見森林”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不少人認爲元宇宙是一個虛擬世界，或者被視爲遊戲、虛擬現實應用、數字與虛擬經濟。但果真如此嗎？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"瀋陽在華爲雲聯創營元宇宙高峯論壇上直言，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是虛擬世界"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"虛擬世界的典型代表是遊戲，比如《Second Life》。它發佈於 2003 年，擁有更強的世界編輯功能與發達的虛擬經濟系統，吸引了大量企業與教育機構。人們可以在裏面生活，有工作、有愛好、有關係、有住處，甚至還能建立和定製個人空間。例如，BBC、路透社、 CNN 等報社在遊戲中發佈新聞資訊；IBM 在遊戲中購買地產，建立自己的銷售中心。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"瀋陽認爲，元宇宙 = 虛擬世界 x 現實世界。這意味着，相比虛擬世界，元宇宙的範圍更大，它要求 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"虛擬世界與現實世界有更多的互聯互通"},{"type":"text","text":"。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙也不是一類虛擬現實應用"},{"type":"text","text":"。扎克伯格表示，不能把元宇宙等同於虛擬現實。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/9e\/9edc4575d00ac7faa879b4ffce53852a.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，作爲一種體驗虛擬世界的方式，人們通過 VR 尋求全新的娛樂體驗，比如看電影、玩遊戲等。但是，擁有 VR 設備的用戶數並不多，除了遊戲和電影，VR 的應用場景依然有限。應用場景的侷限註定它無法代表元宇宙，而只是元宇宙的一角。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是一種數字與虛擬經濟"},{"type":"text","text":"。以“Roblox”爲例，它有自己的經濟系統。玩家可以通過叫做 Robux 的貨幣來購買遊戲道具，開發者也可以用自己賺取的 Robux 購買平臺的競價廣告位，或是其他人制作的開發資源，一切都可以在 Robux 內部流轉，而且 Robux 還能與現實貨幣雙向兌換。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上，除了 Roblox，以前的《Second life》和《魔獸世界》等遊戲早已出現正常運作的經濟，真人用虛擬商品換取真金，或執行虛擬任務換取真金。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是一款大型多人遊戲"},{"type":"text","text":"。遊戲是逃避現實、給定任務、被動消費，但元宇宙卻是與現實聯通、開放式探索和創造性遊玩，雖然元宇宙涉及遊戲化，但它並非一款遊戲，也不是圍繞某個具體目標。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"綜上，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙不是一款遊戲、虛擬現實應用或數字與虛擬經濟"},{"type":"text","text":"。這就好比說互聯網，不能說《堡壘之夜》、Facebook 或谷歌就完全代表互聯網一樣。其實，互聯網是一套廣泛的協議、技術、管道和語言，再加上訪問設備和內容，以及它們上面的通信體驗。元宇宙也將是這樣。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙打破互聯網內卷"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2021 年，被許多人稱爲“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"元宇宙元年"},{"type":"text","text":"”。朱嘉明說：“元宇宙呈現出超出想象的爆發力，其背後是相關元宇宙要素的‘羣聚效應（Critical Mass）’，近似 1995 年互聯網所經歷的‘羣聚效應’。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"從 1992 年到 2021 年，元宇宙爲何在今年火起來？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自 2007 年喬布斯發佈第一代 iPhone，時間已經過去十四年。這十四年，互聯網由 PC 時代步入移動時代，智能手機成爲劃時代產品，對人類社會產生深遠影響。但是，最近幾年，智能手機的創新越來越少，更新主要表現爲電池續航時間長一點、CPU 性能提升一點或像素增加一點。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"瀋陽說：“爲什麼現在元宇宙這麼火呢？很大程度上，如果不火反而不正常。如果說我們現在不往元宇宙方向走，人類將會停滯在手機階段。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"因此，這是技術在渴望新產品。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"同時，從用戶體驗角度，從按鍵到觸屏，智能手機帶來交互方式的變革。但是，觸屏交互帶給用戶的體驗依然有限，用戶期待具身交互、實時沉浸的全新體驗。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在共享單車、短視頻和社區團購風口後，資本正尋找新出口。現實世界與虛擬世界融合的元宇宙，可以創造新需求，帶來新的商業機遇，以場景化社交、虛擬服裝、虛擬土地、線上聚會等現實疊加虛擬可以打開廣闊的商業潛能。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"除了 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"技術渴望新產品、資本尋找新出口和用戶期待新體驗"},{"type":"text","text":"，元宇宙火熱的另一大重要原因是 "},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"互聯網產業當前陷入內卷狀態"},{"type":"text","text":"，“在內容載體、傳播方式、交互方式、參與感和互動性上長期缺乏突破，導致‘沒有發展的增長’”。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"所以，元宇宙可能打破現有桎梏，帶領人類走出互聯網內卷，進入新世界。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從概念到落地：關鍵技術和應用場景是元宇宙突破口"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從理論變成現實，元宇宙需要較長時間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"信通院雲大所云計算部副主任陳屹力在元宇宙高峯論壇上指出：元宇宙尚處於早期階段，關鍵技術和應用場景是重要突破口。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"換言之，元宇宙想從理論變成現實，"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"一靠關鍵技術，二靠應用場景"},{"type":"text","text":"。關鍵技術的突破或新技術的出現，可以變革現有商業模式，創造新需求。而新的應用場景，則可以刺激技術的迭代升級，讓技術實現飛速發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"以數字人爲例，受益於 CG+AI 技術發展，近年來數字人技術進步很大，但整體仍處於初級階段，依然面臨衆多挑戰，如建模或重建精度不足，表情 \/ 動作不自然，技術門檻和製作成本高，自動化程度低（需要大量藝術家人工參與調校），難以規模化生產，無法滿足未來千行百業對數字人的批量生產需求。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"隨着 AI 重建 \/ 渲染、NLP 自然語言處理、語言識別、計算機視覺等人工智能技術的應用拓展，數字人正朝智能化、便捷化、精細化和多樣化發展。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/infoq\/78\/78056654290df51247875a2824ff58f3.webp","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"某種意義上，元宇宙是一系列技術的“"},{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"連點成線"},{"type":"text","text":"”，能夠帶來超越想象的潛力，驅動產品創新和商業模式創新。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"如果具備了技術和應用場景，那麼，哪個行業可能會率先落地元宇宙？"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"目前，筆者更看好遊戲行業。一方面，Roblox 的成功上市，表明了資本市場對“元宇宙”概念的認可；另一方面，遊戲所營造的虛擬世界、身份、互動性和經濟系統被視爲元宇宙的重要因素。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在元宇宙高峯論壇的小組討論中，有多人也認同元宇宙概念會先在遊戲行業落地。一方面是，遊戲公司資金實力雄厚，願意在元宇宙投入更多金錢和精力，比如騰訊、網易、米哈遊都已在元宇宙上佈局；另一方面，技術積累在遊戲領域的應用更加明顯，例如美國歌手 Travis Scott 在遊戲《堡壘之夜》舉辦虛擬演唱會，1230 萬遊戲玩家成爲虛擬演唱會觀衆。同時，元宇宙現有的場景形態主要體現在遊戲領域。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外，元宇宙要求更高的沉浸式體驗，而遊戲在這個領域一直有積累，相比其他行業或領域，有更大優勢。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"另一種觀點認爲元宇宙的第一個大的應用場景是企業級服務市場，而非遊戲市場。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"爲什麼這麼說？美國獨立專欄作家本·湯普森認爲，從歷史上看，新技術的採用，都需要某種強制功能。例如，個人電腦，首先被企業採用，因爲它們提高了生產力，後來，又被已經在工作中體驗過個人電腦的消費者所採用（一般來說，總有例外，智能手機的發展方向，就正好相反）。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"他寫道：這就是爲什麼對製造消費產品沒有真正概念的微軟，爲何能短暫地成爲消費計算強國的原因：IBM 贈與微軟的 PC 壟斷，意味着 Windows PC 是家庭的明顯選擇。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"當然，由於元宇宙發展仍處於早期，我們無法預判元宇宙會率先在某個具體行業落地，但是變革前，每一個行業都有機會，而遊戲、社交和企業級服務市場的機會可能更大。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙的價值在於“連接”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙不僅實現了人類感官維度的拓展，而且現實世界與虛擬世界的融合，極大拓展了人類的生存維度。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"舉個例子，現在由於疫情，人們無法去國外旅行，但是通過元宇宙，人們可以領略世界各地的風光，觀賞埃及金字塔，或與南極企鵝一起感受極地之寒，聽狂風呼嘯。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"strong"}],"text":"互聯網連接了人與人，讓信息不再受限於時間和空間；元宇宙將連接人、事、物，讓萬物不再受限於時間和空間。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"比如，一個人現在學車時間長，花費高，如果是上班族，還得請假去練車。即使到駕校，還得排隊，因爲好幾人共用一輛車。從報名到領證，少則 1 個月，長則半年或一年。如果在元宇宙裏，學車這件事變得非常簡單，你可以通過設備接入元宇宙裏，隨時隨地練習開車，或許 10 分鐘就能學會開車。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙是一系列技術的“連點成線”，能夠帶來超越想象的潛力，驅動產品創新和商業模式創新。正如中信證券在一份研究報告所言，“屆時，更多工作和生活將數字化，在線時間顯著增長、三維數字世界、高智能度 AI 等都將帶來人類數字經濟高度繁盛”。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"寫在最後"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"元宇宙是一個經典概念的重生，它代表了人們對數字化生存的嚮往。從當下到元宇宙，人們還有很長的路要走。這個過程中，創新平臺與技術發揮着橋樑的作用，連接過去與未來，連接虛擬與現實，連接“人與萬物”，當人與萬物都能在一個平臺實現“連接”後，“元宇宙”也就真的到來了。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"作爲技術發展的推動者，技術從業者在元宇宙上，只有多與他人交流和分享，共同探討未來技術的可能性，方可尋到一條清晰的發展路徑。而 InfoQ 此次聯合華爲雲聯創營共同舉辦元宇宙高峯論壇，旨在爲技術從業者們提供一個交流元宇宙的場合，通過各個行業的大咖分享，拓展技術人視野，讓他們比別人更早一點看到未來方向，從而在技術創新之路上走得更快、更遠。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"華爲雲聯創營，是以雲、AI、音視頻等創新技術爲底座，與衆多創新型企業 \/ 夥伴一起，進行商業場景共探、創新 SaaS 應用孵化的一個平臺。通過技術協同、資源互補與品牌聯動三大價值，實現華爲雲與夥伴之間的共創、共贏，同時共同推動產業數字化升級。"}]}]}]}