OPPO發佈首顆自研NPU芯片:歷時3年研發,算力比肩蘋果

{"type":"doc","content":[{"type":"blockquote","content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自研 NPU 芯片,可能只是一個開始。"}]}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 發佈首顆自研 NPU 芯片"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 12 月 14 日舉行的 OPPO 未來科技大會 2021 上,OPPO 正式發佈首顆自研 NPU 芯片馬里亞納 MariSilicon X。據 OPPO 創始人兼首席執行官陳明永介紹,該芯片經過 3 年研發,是由 OPPO 第一個自主設計、自主研發的影像專用 NPU 芯片。據悉,OPPO Find X 的下一代新品將首發搭載馬里亞納 X 芯片,並將在 2022 年第一季度發佈,正式開啓旗艦手機的通用平臺+影像專用 NPU 的雙芯時代。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/d0\/b8\/d032bee521bdb64ce307cf01c2eb22b8.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據介紹,馬里亞納 X 採用了目前芯片行業相當先進的臺積電 6nm 製程工藝,其 AI 計算單元 MariNeuro 完全由 OPPO 自研,採用 AI 芯片的新黃金架構——DSA 架構,實現了專芯專用,專注於解決用戶關注的影像質量問題。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"算力方面,馬里亞納 X 的 AI 算力最高可達到 18TOPs,也就是每秒\/18 萬億次的 AI 計算。值得一提的是,蘋果 iPhone 13 Pro Max上搭載的 A15 芯片算力爲 15.8TOPs。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/da\/4d\/daf0842180879331fec62f009643b64d.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"馬里亞納 X 在 AI 計算單元集成了專用的片上內存子系統,只服務於 AI 計算,最高可提供每秒萬億比特的吞吐量,是目前手機最高內存吞吐量的十倍以上,打破了“內存牆”問題。此外,馬里亞納 X 還配備獨立 DDR 帶寬,最高可達到 8.5GB 每秒;並在 SoC 的基礎上,增加了 17% 的系統總帶寬。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"此外,馬里亞納 X 集成了由 OPPO 完全自研的 MariLumi 影像處理單元,支持 20bit 帶寬;並支持 20bit 的 Ultra HDR 的超動態範圍,是當前最先進通用平臺能力的四倍。因此,其亮度比例,能夠達到 100 萬比 1。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"image","attrs":{"src":"https:\/\/static001.geekbang.org\/resource\/image\/fb\/a0\/fb077a180349e4fb66f797yye4a1cca0.png","alt":null,"title":null,"style":[{"key":"width","value":"75%"},{"key":"bordertype","value":"none"}],"href":null,"fromPaste":true,"pastePass":true}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 芯片產品高級總監江波表示,馬里亞納 X 具有四大技術突破:空前強大的 AI 計算能效,行業領先的 Ultra HDR、無損的實時 RAW 計算、以及最大化傳感器能力的RGBW Pro。這四大技術突破,共同構成了具有開創意義的影像專用 NPU,使得馬里亞納 X 能在滿足領先的性能、完成視頻 AI 實時處理的同時,還能兼顧出色的功耗控制、實現極致的能效比。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在芯片產業如此成熟的當下,OPPO 爲何選擇造芯?陳明永在會上表示,OPPO 造芯出於兩點考慮:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"bulletedlist","content":[{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第一,造芯是基於用戶的需要,用戶對影像的需求在不斷地升級。"}]}]},{"type":"listitem","attrs":{"listStyle":null},"content":[{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"第二,造芯是 OPPO 戰略的必然選擇,萬物互聯時代,科技公司必須通過關鍵技術解決關鍵問題,如果沒有底層核心技術,就不可能有未來;而沒有底層核心技術的旗艦產品,更是空中樓閣。"}]}]}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 稱,馬里亞納 X 是 OPPO 自研芯片的一小步,OPPO 未來會持續投入資源,用幾千人的團隊,去腳踏實地做自研芯片。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"OPPO 造芯,早有計劃"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"事實上,OPPO 造芯的決心早有跡象。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"在 2019 年 OPPO INNO DAY 上,陳明永就曾說“要有十年磨一劍”的信念,勇於邁入研發“深水區”,構建最爲核心的底層硬件技術,並表示未來三年研發總投入將達到 500 億元。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據 36 氪此前報道, OPPO 對標芯片研發的馬里亞納計劃早在 2019 年 11 月就已經出現在內部文件,項目由 2019 年 10 月成立的 OPPO 芯片 TMG(技術委員會)保證技術方面的投入,該委員會的負責人陳巖爲芯片平臺部的部長,此前擔任 OPPO 研究院軟件研究中心負責人,曾在高通擔任技術總監。2020 年 1 月,Realme、一加的技術人員也加入到了芯片 TMG 的專家團。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 2 月,OPPO 的馬里亞納計劃進一步爲人熟知。當時,OPPO CEO 特別助理發佈內部文章《對打造核心技術的一些思考》,文中提出三大計劃,涉及軟件開發、雲,以及硬件(芯片)。文章指出,馬里亞納計劃意在表明做硬件最深的能力,而這個最深的能力毋庸諱言就是做芯片的能力,做頂級芯片的能力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“做芯片,我們實乃不得已而爲之。不管是出於 OPPO 自身的差異化需求,出於用戶對全場景科技體驗的需求,還是出於手機‘軟硬服’一體化的需求,即便是像高通、谷歌這麼優秀的合作伙伴,都很難在現階段支持我們的夢想。” OPPO 曾在內部文章中如此解釋造芯的原因。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"2020 年 5 月,《日經亞洲評論》在一份報道中稱,“OPPO 正在加緊設計自己的移動芯片,包括從聯發科等供應商處爭取頂尖工程人才。”該報道援引知情人士消息稱,OPPO 已經從其主要芯片供應商聯發科聘請了數名高管,以及從紫光展銳那聘請了多位工程師,目的是在上海建立一支經驗豐富的芯片團隊。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據《時代財經》日前報道,第一手機研究院院長孫燕飆表示,OPPO 的芯片子公司澤庫目前員工人數已經超過 2000 人,這意味着,澤庫已經是“國內第二大芯片設計公司”,僅次於華爲海思。"}]},{"type":"heading","attrs":{"align":null,"level":2},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"手機廠商齊聚自研芯片賽場"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"近年來,在芯片自主化的大背景下,越來越多的手機廠商開始走上自研芯片之路。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“近幾年,知名手機品牌在未來展望上都有評估自研芯片的可能性,希望透過自行研發的芯片,提供消費者更貼近品牌訴求的良好體驗,並由此穩固消費者的品牌忠誠度,諸如三星手機、華爲手機以及蘋果手機等。” 集邦諮詢分析師黃鬱琁曾"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/OATFZfcaq1cETtlh3HDD","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"向 InfoQ 表示"}]},{"type":"text","text":",自 2019 年年中開始,受中美貿易摩擦的影響,各手機廠商都在加速這一夢想藍圖的實現。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"國內方面,除剛發佈自研芯片的 OPPO,華爲、小米、vivo 都已在"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.infoq.cn\/article\/wjmYeU0bfwIxTSJTav0j","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"自研芯片賽道"}]},{"type":"text","text":"發力。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"其中,華爲的海思麒麟芯片最爲受到關注。華爲旗下芯片部門海思是中國最大的芯片設計企業,其手機所需芯片基本能實現自給自足。近幾年,受美國製裁影響,華爲的麒麟高端芯片在生產上遭受打擊。去年,餘承東曾表示,由於美國製裁,華爲的麒麟高端芯片在 2020 年 9 月 15 日之後無法制造,將成爲絕唱。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"小米的首款自研芯片澎湃 C1 亮相於今年 3 月份。據悉,該芯片是小米首款專業影像芯片,目前已經應用在小米 MIX FOLD 上,預計後面還會有更多手機用上這款芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"vivo 的首款自研芯片 V1 亮相於今年 9 月份。據悉,該芯片是由 vivo主導開發的,服務高速計算成像的專業影像芯片,是一顆全定製的特殊規格集成電路芯片。這款 V1 芯片將在 vivo X70 系列首發搭載。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"而在國外,也有包括蘋果、谷歌在內的多家公司聚焦在自研芯片賽道上。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"從 2010 年亮相的 iPhone 4 搭載的 A4 芯片,到去年專爲 Mac 打造的 M1 芯片,蘋果在自研芯片道路上走得較爲長遠,性能實力也確實強勁。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"今年 10 月,谷歌也推出了首款自研芯片 Tensor。谷歌最新推出的 Pixel6 和 Pixel6Pro 手機,搭載的正是 Tensor 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"不過值得一提的是,蘋果、谷歌、華爲自研的都是 SoC 芯片;小米(澎湃 C1)、vivo(V1)當前自研的是 ISP 芯片;OPPO(馬里亞納 X)自研的則是 NPU 芯片。"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"據瞭解,SoC 芯片需要更長時間、高強度的資金和技術投入,而 ISP、NPU 芯片的技術難度和投入資金相對會低一些。據騰訊新聞《潛望》報道,vivo 執行副總裁、首席運營官胡柏山在接受採訪時表示,“SoC 芯片投入大,行業內已有高通、MTK 等投入重資源在做。影像這一塊,每個品牌都有自己的方向,而不同的方向需要不同的算法來支撐。”"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"知乎答主"},{"type":"link","attrs":{"href":"https:\/\/www.zhihu.com\/question\/504463939","title":"xxx","type":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"莊明浩"}]},{"type":"text","text":"在分析 OPPO 爲何造 NPU 芯片時表示,NPU-AI 芯片是競爭熱點,中國廠商的彎道超車機會可能來自於 NPU:"}]},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null}},{"type":"paragraph","attrs":{"indent":0,"number":0,"align":null,"origin":null},"content":[{"type":"text","text":"“每一代 CPU 和 GPU 性能提升在放緩,而與之相對應的是 AI 芯片成爲新的競爭熱點……相較於此前的 CPU\\GPU 領域,中國廠商在 NPU 領域與海外公司起點並沒有差太遠,這和中國 AI 廠商在過去今年的技術\\算法的發展以及商業落地有關,也與中國有更大的數據量級和應用場景更加相關……提及場景,中國龐大的應用場景和市場也是這一波 NPU 在國內發展迅速的核心原動力之一,而基於場景的生態構建也是NPU能夠被大量使用的重要前提……考慮到 OPPO 手機一直以來都主打的影像功能,大概率此次 NPU 主要應用場景應該是影像相關。”"}]}]}
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