Azure Terraform（十一）Azure DevOps Pipeline 內的動態臨時變量的使用

思路淺析

　　在我們分享的 Azure Terraform 系列文中有介紹到關於 Terraform 的狀態文件遠程存儲的問題，我們在  Azure DevOps Pipeline 的 Task Job 加 azure_cli_script 執行內聯腳本（該腳本幫我們創建好 Terraform 狀態文件存儲所需要的 Azure Resource Group、 Azure Storage Account、Azure KeyVault 等資源）。大家需要注意的是，內聯腳本中有使用動態變量，該變量臨時存儲 Azure Storage Account 的 Account Key，如下圖所示：

本篇文章，我繼續帶領大家分析如何在 Azure DevOps Pipeline 運行中創建使用動態臨時變量，使用動態臨時變量替換 Azure Pipeline 管道變量。

項目整體架構圖

Pipeline 變量定義、輸出

在此階段，我們需要利用 azure_cli_script 任務，創建動態臨時變量，輸出參數，其中最主要的是將動態臨時變量輸出，Task yaml 如下所示

輸出的變量用於同一個 stage，不同 job

- stage: script
  jobs:
   - job: azure_cli_script
     steps: 
      - task: AzureCLI@2
        displayName: 'Azure CLI :Create Storage Account，Key Vault And Set KeyVault Secret'
        name: 'output_variable'
        inputs:
          azureSubscription: 'Microsoft Azure Subscription(xxxxxxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx)'
          scriptType: 'bash'
          addSpnToEnvironment: true
          scriptLocation: 'inlineScript'
          inlineScript: |
              # create azure resource group
              az group create --location eastasia --name $(terraform_rg)
      
              # create azure storage account
              az storage account create --name $(storage_account) --resource-group $(terraform_rg) --location eastasia --sku Standard_LRS
      
              # create storage account container for tf state 
              az storage container create --name $(storage_account_container) --account-name $(storage_account)
      
              # query storage key and set variable
              ACCOUNT_KEY=$(az storage account keys list --resource-group $(terraform_rg) --account-name $(storage_account) --query "[?keyName == 'key1'][value]" --output tsv)
      
              # create azure keyvault
              az keyvault create --name $(keyvault) --resource-group $(terraform_rg) --location eastasia --enable-soft-delete false
      
              # set keyvault secret,secret value is ACCOUNT_KEY
              az keyvault secret set --name $(keyvault_sc) --vault-name $(keyvault)  --value $ACCOUNT_KEY

              # set secret varivale and add to environment
              echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=ACCOUNT_KEY;isOutput=true]$ACCOUNT_KEY"
              #echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=ACCOUNT_KEY;issecret=true;isOutput=true]$ACCOUNT_KEY"
       
   - job: same_stage_echo
     dependsOn: azure_cli_script
     variables:
       ACCOUNT_KEY: $[dependencies.azure_cli_script.outputs['output_variable.ACCOUNT_KEY']]
     steps:
       - task: Bash@3
         displayName: 'Bash :output temporary variables in different jobs on the same stage'
         inputs:
           targetType: 'inline'
           script: |
             # echo ACCOUNT_KEY
             echo "ACCOUNT_KEY is $ACCOUNT_KEY"

輸出變量用於不同 stage

- stage: echo_varibale
  dependsOn: script
  jobs:
    - job: different_stage_echo
      variables:
        ACCOUNT_KEY: $[stageDependencies.script.azure_cli_script.outputs['output_variable.ACCOUNT_KEY']]
      steps:
        - task: Bash@3
          displayName: 'Bash :output temporary variables in same jobs on the same stage'
          inputs:
            targetType: 'inline'
            script: |
              # echo ACCOUNT_KEY
              echo "ACCOUNT_KEY is $ACCOUNT_KEY"

以下爲完整的   azure-pipelines-1.yaml

# Starter pipeline
# Start with a minimal pipeline that you can customize to build and deploy your code.
# Add steps that build, run tests, deploy, and more:
# https://aka.ms/yaml

trigger:
- remote_stats

pool:
  vmImage: ubuntu-latest

stages:
- stage: script
  jobs:
   - job: azure_cli_script
     steps: 
      - task: AzureCLI@2
        displayName: 'Azure CLI :Create Storage Account，Key Vault And Set KeyVault Secret'
        name: 'output_variable'
        inputs:
          azureSubscription: 'Microsoft Azure Subscription(xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxx)'
          scriptType: 'bash'
          addSpnToEnvironment: true
          scriptLocation: 'inlineScript'
          inlineScript: |
              # create azure resource group
              az group create --location eastasia --name $(terraform_rg)
      
              # create azure storage account
              az storage account create --name $(storage_account) --resource-group $(terraform_rg) --location eastasia --sku Standard_LRS
      
              # create storage account container for tf state 
              az storage container create --name $(storage_account_container) --account-name $(storage_account)
      
              # query storage key and set variable
              ACCOUNT_KEY=$(az storage account keys list --resource-group $(terraform_rg) --account-name $(storage_account) --query "[?keyName == 'key1'][value]" --output tsv)
      
              # create azure keyvault
              az keyvault create --name $(keyvault) --resource-group $(terraform_rg) --location eastasia --enable-soft-delete false
      
              # set keyvault secret,secret value is ACCOUNT_KEY
              az keyvault secret set --name $(keyvault_sc) --vault-name $(keyvault)  --value $ACCOUNT_KEY

              # set secret varivale and add to environment
              echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=ACCOUNT_KEY;isOutput=true]$ACCOUNT_KEY"
              #echo "##vso[task.setvariable variable=ACCOUNT_KEY;issecret=true;isOutput=true]$ACCOUNT_KEY"
       
   - job: same_stage_echo
     dependsOn: azure_cli_script
     variables:
       ACCOUNT_KEY: $[dependencies.azure_cli_script.outputs['output_variable.ACCOUNT_KEY']]
     steps:
       - task: Bash@3
         displayName: 'Bash :output temporary variables in different jobs on the same stage'
         inputs:
           targetType: 'inline'
           script: |
             # echo ACCOUNT_KEY
             echo "ACCOUNT_KEY is $ACCOUNT_KEY"

- stage: echo_varibale
  dependsOn: script
  jobs:
    - job: different_stage_echo
      variables:
        ACCOUNT_KEY: $[stageDependencies.script.azure_cli_script.outputs['output_variable.ACCOUNT_KEY']]
      steps:
        - task: Bash@3
          displayName: 'Bash :output temporary variables in same jobs on the same stage'
          inputs:
            targetType: 'inline'
            script: |
              # echo ACCOUNT_KEY
              echo "ACCOUNT_KEY is $ACCOUNT_KEY"

*****重點*****：管道內變量與動態臨時變量使用區別

Pipeline 管道內使用方式：$(變量名稱)

動態臨時變量使用方式：$變量名稱

配置 Pipeline 管道變量

使用 Azure CLI 創建 Azure Storage Account、Azure Key Vault 的內聯腳本中使用管理內變量控制參數

變量名	變量值
terraform_rg	Web_Test_TF_RG
storage_account	cnbatetfstorage
storage_account_container	tf-state
keyvault	cnbate-terraform-kv
keyvault_sc	terraform-stste-storage-key
container_key	cnbate.tf.stats

運行 Pipeline，查看配置輸出

由於我們已經在 azure-pipelines-1.yaml 文件中指定了工作分支 “remote_stats”，當我們只要觸發 “remote_stats” 分支的 “push” 或者 “pull_request” 動作都會觸發 Azure DevOps Pipeline 的運行。

相同 stage 內的 job 輸出

不同 stage 的 job 輸出

總結

本期實驗，我們學習瞭如何在 Azure DevOps Pipeline 運行期間創建的動態臨時變量以及變量的輸出，使得我們更加靈活的在任意 job 中聲明自定義的動態臨時變量，並將動態臨時變量應用到任意的 job 中，這種方式有區別與Pipeline 管道內變量，尤其是在定義階段和使用語法上，詳細內容參考官方文檔。

在腳本中設置變量：https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/process/set-variables-scripts

github 代碼地址：https://github.com/yunqian44/Terraform_Cnbate_Traffic_Manager

Terraform 在 Azure DevOps 中的使用系列：https://www.cnblogs.com/AllenMaster/category/1876925.html