您是患有自闭症、学习障碍或身体残疾的孩子的父母，他们一直在努力让您的孩子接受适当的特殊教育吗？您认为参加个人教育计划 (IEP) 会议的特殊教育人员是否已经决定了您孩子的安置或所需服务？本文将讨论预先决定、特殊教育以及克服这一问题的方法。
《残障人士教育法》(IDEA) 规定，儿童有权接受免费适当的公共教育 (FAPE)。父母有权参与为孩子的教育做出的所有决定。特殊教育人员可以将 IEP 草案带到会议上，但前提是他们愿意更改 IEP 以允许家长参与。
预先决定被定义为学校人员在 IEP 会议之前单方面做出关于孩子的决定，没有家长的意见，并且在会议期间拒绝听取家长的意见。或学区人员提供接受或离开 IEP。如果家长提供孩子需要特定相关或特殊教育服务的信息以及孩子需要的证据，则要求学区工作人员至少“考虑”该输入。问题是许多特殊教育人员已经决定或预定了将提供哪些安置或服务。
在一个众所周知的预先决定案件中，法院发现一个学区有一项非官方的政策，即拒绝所有应用行为分析 (ABA) 项目的请求；尽管有证据表明孩子需要它。在这种情况下，父母支付了一个私人 ABA 项目的费用，孩子在其中取得了巨大的进步。学区对孩子的进步感到兴奋，直到家长要求报销；然后他们拒绝付款。法院发现，学区不会听取父母或他们的专家关于孩子对 ABA 的需求的意见。这是预先决定的，法院裁定父母有权报销私人 ABA 项目的费用。
在另一个预先确定的案件中，法院发现，尽管有证据表明孩子在一所私立学校取得了长足进步，并且继续需要私立学校提供的服务，但学区只将孩子安置在私立学校，因为他们正在计划将他转移到以地区为基础的安置。他们拒绝听家长或家长专家的意见，认为孩子需要继续上私立学校才能获得 FAPE。法院认定这是预先决定；并且孩子能够以公费继续在私立学校学习。
我认为，当学区尽管有相反的证据，单方面就孩子的教育做出决定，并且拒绝有意义的家长意见时，就会发生预先决定。此外，当接受或离开 IEP 时，也会向父母提交。
如何克服预设：
1. 将您孩子的教育需求文件带到 IEP 会议并与特殊教育人员分享；学校必须考虑家长提供的所有信息。
2. 家长必须是 IEP 过程中有意义的参与者。将法院裁决传达给特殊教育人员，如果不允许父母有意义地参与其孩子的 IEP 的制定，则可能会发现预先确定和拒绝 FAPE。
3. 如果特殊教育人员仍然拒绝您输入或仅提供一种服务或安置选项，请考虑以违反 IDEA 为由提出州级投诉。
4. 对您的孩子进行独立教育评估 (IEE)，以确定您的孩子需要哪些相关的特殊教育服务。确保您选择的评估员不仅愿意测试您的孩子，而且愿意撰写一份全面而简明的报告，其中包括对所需相关和特殊教育服务的建议。
预先决定对残疾儿童有害，因为它剥夺了儿童从教育中受益所需的服务。继续倡导——你的孩子是值得的！
乔安·柯林斯 (JoAnn Collins) 是两个残疾成年人的母亲，作为倡导者，她帮助家庭适应特殊教育系统已超过 15 年。她是《残疾欺骗》一书的主持人和作者；残疾教育工作者讲述的谎言以及父母如何在自己的游戏中击败他们。”这本书有很多资源和信息可以帮助父母为他们的孩子争取适当的教育。
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