1. 概述

本篇主要介紹使用springmvc非註解開發項目的過程。

參考博客：《SpringMVC學習(一)——快速搭建SpringMVC開發環境(非註解方式)》

博客內容簡潔不全，其源碼託管於：https://gitee.com/leo825/spring-framework-learning-example

1.1 開發環境簡述

本篇主要使用了vscode遠程開發模式。

遠程主機

遠程虛擬機(centos7.9)部署Java開發環境：

#jdk環境
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/javaenv/jdk-17
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
#tomcat環境
export PATH=/opt/javaenv/apache-tomcat-8.5.81/bin:$PATH
#maver環境
export PATH=/opt/javaenv/apache-maven-3.8.6/bin:$PATH

項目位置：/home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/

項目創建命令：mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.liwl.java -DartifactId=liwl_springmvc_xml -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

本地工具

本地使用的操作系統(win10/deepin20.6)，代碼編輯器：vscode1.69.0

vscode插件：Java開發插件，Maven for java, Community Server Connectors

2. 開發過程

2.1 maven創建項目

進入到項目位置：cd /home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/

創建項目：mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.liwl.java -DartifactId=liwl_springmvc_xml -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

使用vscode遠程管理功能，連接遠程主機後，打開目錄：/home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/liwl_springmvx_xml即可進行開發

2.2 pom.xml引入項目依賴

編輯pom.xml，引入依賴包

<project 
  xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.liwl.java</groupId>
  <artifactId>liwl_springmvc_xml</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>liwl_springmvc_xml Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <spring.version>5.3.21</spring.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <!-- servlet接口 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- 引入數據庫內容 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.29</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <!-- jstl 標籤庫  -->
    <dependency>  
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>  
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>  
      <version>1.2</version>  
      <scope>runtime</scope>  
    </dependency>  
    <!-- jsp 標準標籤庫 -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
    <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
    <version>1.1.2</version>
  </dependency>

  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>liwl_springmvc_xml</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

2.3 web.xml配置項目

通過web.xml配置項目的servlet

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>liwl_springmvc_by_xml</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:liwl-springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>liwl_springmvc_by_xml</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

在web.xml裏面指定了加載liwl-springmvc-servlet.xml。

2.4 springmvc.xml配置mvc內容

在resources目錄下，創建liwl-springmvc-servlet.xml，內容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 處理器映射器，將處理器Handler的name作爲URL進行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 處理器適配器，適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的調用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置視圖解析器，把handler方法返回的邏輯視圖解析爲實際的物理視圖 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

2.5 編寫controller和測試

創建目錄src/main/java/com/liwl/controller，在該目錄下創建HelloController.java文件，

package com.liwl.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
import com.liwl.util.ApplicationContextUtil;

public class HelloController implements Controller{

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("data","測試成功");
        modelAndView.setViewName("success");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

創建文件webapp/WEB-INF/views/success.jsp，內容如下：

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳轉到success了!!!</h2>
    <p>
        ${data}
    </p>
</body>
</html>

在resources/liwl-springmvc-servlet.xml註冊bean

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 處理器映射器，將處理器Handler的name作爲URL進行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 處理器適配器，適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的調用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置視圖解析器，把handler方法返回的邏輯視圖解析爲實際的物理視圖 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="helloController" name="/hello" class="com.liwl.controller.HelloController"></bean>

</beans>

右鍵啓動項目插件SERVERS下的：Community Server Connector，然後添加Tomcat服務器，指定Tomcat爲本地的/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-tomcat-8.5.81目錄，並且右鍵啓動。
使用vscode的插件maven對項目進行編譯，編譯完成，在生成的target目錄下，右鍵liwlspringmvc.war，執行Run on Server
瀏覽器訪問http://localhost:8080/liwlspringmvc/hello

2.6 增加數據庫配置

pom.xml已經引入了數據庫的依賴包(此過程本部分略，上文pom.xml已經引入)。

在deepin系統安裝mariadb：sudo apt install mariadb-server，執行：sudo systemctl start mariadb && sudo systemctl enable mariadb啓動數據庫同時設置開機啓動。執行：sudo mysql使用MySQL的root賬號進行授權設置。

創建數據庫

# 創建數據庫在，注意數據庫的編碼
create database liwldev_java_web_springmvc charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
# 創建表
use liwldev_java_web_springmvc;
create table t_user_info( `id` int(11) unsigned not null primary key auto_increment comment '用戶ID', `name` varchar(20) default null comment '用戶姓名', `gender` varchar(2) default null comment '用戶性別', `age` varchar(3) default null comment '用戶年紀');

MariaDB [liwldev_java_web_springmvc]> desc t_user_info;
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field  | Type             | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id     | int(11) unsigned | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name   | varchar(20)      | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| gender | varchar(2)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| age    | varchar(3)       | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+--------+------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)

授權登錄：

grant all privileges on liwldev_java_web_springmvc.* to 'liwl'@'localhost' identified by 'liwanliang';
flush privileges;

修改web.xml內容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 處理器映射器，將處理器Handler的name作爲URL進行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 處理器適配器，適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的調用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置視圖解析器，把handler方法返回的邏輯視圖解析爲實際的物理視圖 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Spring內置連接池 -->
    <bean id="driverManagerDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/liwldev_java_web_springmvc"></property>
        <property name="username" value="liwl"></property>
        <property name="password" value="liwanliang"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--指定連接池-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="driverManagerDataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <bean id="beanUtil" class="com.liwl.util.ApplicationContextUtil"></bean>
    <bean id="userInfoService" class="com.liwl.service.impl.UserInfoServiceImpl"></bean>
    <bean id="helloController" name="/hello" class="com.liwl.controller.HelloController"></bean>

</beans>

2.7 編碼部分

2.7.1 創建util目錄

在該目錄下創建ApplicationContextUtil.java類

package com.liwl.util;

import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextAware;

public class ApplicationContextUtil implements ApplicationContextAware{

    private static ApplicationContext applicationContext;

    public static Object getBean(String beanName) {
        return applicationContext.getBean(beanName);
        
    }

    public static <T> T getBean(String beanName,Class<T> clazz){
        return clazz.cast(getBean(beanName));
    }

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        ApplicationContextUtil.applicationContext = applicationContext;     
    }
    
}

解析數據庫的類DBUtil.java

用於獲取applicationcontext.xml定義的jdbcTemplate的bean。

package com.liwl.util;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

public class DBUtil {
    public static JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
       return (JdbcTemplate)  ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("jdbcTemplate");
    } 
}

2.7.2 創建model

在src/main/java/com/liwl/下創建model目錄，在model下創建UserInfo.java

此類對應數據庫liwldev_java_web_springmvc的表t_user_info的各個字段

package com.liwl.model;

public class UserInfo {
    Long id;
    String name;
    String gender;
    String age;

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }
    
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    
    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "用戶信息:::"+"name:"+name+",age:"+age+",gender:"+gender;
    }
}

2.7.3 創建service目錄

service目錄下創建UserInfoService.java接口。創建impl目錄，該目錄下的UserInfoServiceImpl.java是UserInfoService.java的具體實現

接口UserInfoService.java代碼

package com.liwl.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;

public interface UserInfoService {
    void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userinfo);
    void deleteUserInfo(Long id);
    void updateUserInfo(Long id,UserInfo newUserInfo);
    List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList();
}

實現類UserInfoServiceImpl.java

package com.liwl.service.impl;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
import com.liwl.util.DBUtil;

public class UserInfoServiceImpl implements UserInfoService{

    @Override
    public void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
        DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().execute("insert into t_user_info(name,gender,age) values('" + userInfo.getName() + "','" + userInfo.getGender() + "','" + userInfo.getAge() + "')");
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteUserInfo(Long id) {
        DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().execute("delete from t_user_info where id="+id);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUserInfo(Long id, UserInfo newUserInfo) {
        DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().update("update t_user_info set name=?,gender=?,age=? where id=?",new Object[]{
            new UserInfo().getName(),new UserInfo().getGender(),new UserInfo().getAge(),id
        });
    }

    @Override
    public List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList() {
        List<UserInfo> userInfos = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Map<String,Object>> results = DBUtil.getJdbcTemplate().queryForList("select * from t_user_info");
        for (Map<String,Object> obj: results){
            UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
            userInfo.setId((Long) obj.get("id"));
            userInfo.setName((String) obj.get("name"));
            userInfo.setGender((String) obj.get("gender"));
            userInfo.setAge((String) obj.get("age"));
            userInfos.add(userInfo);
        }
        return userInfos;
    }
    
}

2.7.4 創建controller文件

在controller目錄下修改HelloController.java類

package com.liwl.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;
import com.liwl.util.ApplicationContextUtil;

public class HelloController implements Controller{

    @Override
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        UserInfoService userInfoService = (UserInfoService) ApplicationContextUtil.getBean("userInfoService");
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        List<UserInfo> userInfoList = userInfoService.getUserInfoList();
        modelAndView.addObject("data",userInfoList);
        modelAndView.setViewName("success");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.7.5 修改success.jsp

修改success.jsp，內容如下

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳轉到success了!!!</h2>
<p>
    <c:forEach items="${data}" var="d">
        <tr><td>${d.id}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.name}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.age}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.gender}</td></tr>
        </br>
    </c:forEach>
</p>
</body>
</html>

訪問：http://localhost:8080/liwl_springmvc_xml/hello，即可獲取數據庫信息

springmvc非註解項目開發流程

1. 概述

1.1 開發環境簡述

2. 開發過程

2.1 maven創建項目

2.2 pom.xml引入項目依賴

2.3 web.xml配置項目

2.4 springmvc.xml配置mvc內容

2.5 編寫controller和測試

2.6 增加數據庫配置

2.7 編碼部分

2.7.1 創建util目錄

2.7.2 創建model

2.7.3 創建service目錄

2.7.4 創建controller文件

2.7.5 修改success.jsp

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