【Harmony OS】【ARK UI】ets使用startAbility或startAbilityForResult方式調起Ability

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 今天學習一下怎麼實現啓動一個Ability文檔講解，主要分爲“參考資料”“api講解”,“運行效果”三個部分講解，

1.參考資料

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參考資料啓動一個Ability

 

2.Api講解

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startAbility

 

參數

參數名	類型	必填	說明
parameter	StartAbilityParameter	是	啓動參數。

返回值

類型	說明
Promise	Promise形式返回啓動結果。錯誤碼參考 StartAbilityCode

示例

  var str = {
        "want": {
            "deviceId": "",
            "bundleName": "",
            "abilityName": "",
            "uri": "",
            "type": "image/*",
            "options": {},
            "action": "",
            "parameters": {},
            "entities": [
                "entity.com.example.mytest.ENTITIES"
            ]
        },
        "abilityStartSetting": {}
};
featureAbility.startAbility(str)
.then((data) => {
    console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
}).catch((error) => {
    console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
})

 

featureAbility.startAbilityForResult

startAbilityForResult(parameter: StartAbilityParameter, callback: AsyncCallback): void

以異步方法啓動Ability並在結束的時候返回執行結果，使用callback形式返回結果。

參數：

參數名	類型	必填	說明
parameter	StartAbilityParameter	是	啓動參數。
callback	AsyncCallback	是	callback形式返回結果

 

示例

var str = {
    "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "",
        "abilityName": "",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters": {},
        "entities": [
            "entity.com.example.mytest.ENTITIES"
        ]
    },
    "abilityStartSetting": {}
};
featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
    if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
    }
    console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + data);
});

補充說明

StartAbilityParameter

啓動Ability所需參數。

 

名稱	參數類型	可讀	可寫	說明
want	Want	是	是	啓動Ability的want信息。
abilityStartSetting	{[key: string]: any}	是	是	表示能力的特殊屬性，當開發者啓動能力時，該屬性可以作爲調用中的輸入參數傳遞。
taskSyncAnimationOptions	TaskSyncAnimationOptions	是	是	啓動Ability時需要進行動畫控制的特殊屬性，當開發者希望控制啓動Ability的動畫時，請傳入該參數，需要權限ohos.permission.CONTROL_TASK_SYNC_ANIMATOR。

Want

啓動信息。

 

名稱	參數類型	可讀	可寫	說明
deviceId	string	是	是	表示運行指定Ability的設備ID。
bundleName	string	是	是	表示包描述。如果在Want中同時指定了BundleName和AbilityName，則Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability。
abilityName	string	是	是	表示待啓動的Ability名稱。如果在Want中同時指定了BundleName和AbilityName，則Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability。
uri	string	是	是	表示Uri描述。如果在Want中指定了Uri，則Want將匹配指定的Uri信息，包括scheme, schemeSpecificPart, authority和path信息。
type	string	是	是	表示MIME type類型描述，比如：“text/plain” 、 "image/*"等。
action	string	是	是	表示action選項描述。具體參考：Action使用時通過wantConstant.Action獲取，示例：wantConstant.Action.ACTION_HOME。
entities	Array	是	是	表示entities相關描述。具體參考：Entity使用時通過wantConstant.Entity獲取，示例：wantConstant.Entity.ENTITY_DEFAULT。
flags	number	是	是	表示處理Want的方式。默認傳數字，具體參考：Flags使用時通過wantConstant.Flags獲取，示例：wantConstant.Flags.FLAG_INSTALL_ON_DEMAND。
parameters	{[key: string]: any}	是	是	表示WantParams描述。

 

3.運行效果

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3.1準備階段

在新建OnceAbility和TwoAbility兩個Ability界面，如下圖示所示，包名爲“com.harmony.alliance.myapplication”

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config.json文件

2.在Index.ets寫兩個按鈕“startAbility啓動OnceAbility並傳參”和“startAbilityForResult跳轉TwoAbility”，代碼如下

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  
  
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Text('startAbility啓動OnceAbility並傳參')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        
      Text('startAbilityForResult跳轉TwoAbility')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      
        .backgroundColor(Color.Red)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

效果如圖所示

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3.2實現“startAbility啓動OnceAbility並傳參”

ets 實現點擊按鈕功能，代碼如下

bundleName：就是config.json的bundleName，

abilityName就是ability的名稱，

parameters：作爲傳遞的參數

在OnceAbilitySlice使用如下代碼進行接收

Intent intent1=  getAbility().getIntent();
IntentParams myIntentParams= intent1.getParams();
myIntentParams.getParam("key1")

public startOnceAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "OnceAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters":{key1:"value1",key2:"value2"}
      },
    };
    featureAbility.startAbility(str)
      .then((data) => {
        console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
      }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }

OnceAbilitySlice的xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ed6262"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:top_margin="20vp"
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="200vp"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="這是OnceAbility"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:mTvResult"
        ohos:height="200vp"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:text="參數:"
        ohos:multiple_lines="true"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:padding="10fp"
        ohos:background_element="#ffffff"/>

</DirectionalLayout>

效果如下

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onceAbilitySlice代碼如下

package com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.slice;

import com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.IntentParams;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;

public class OnceAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    Text mTvResult;
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_once);
        Intent intent1=  getAbility().getIntent();
        IntentParams myIntentParams= intent1.getParams();
        mTvResult=findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_mTvResult);
        mTvResult.setText("參數："+"key1"+"===>"+myIntentParams.getParam("key1")+
                "\n key2:"+"===>"+myIntentParams.getParam("key2"));
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

3.3實現“startAbility啓動OnceAbility並傳參”

ets實現“startAbilityForResult跳轉TwoAbility”ets代碼如下

 public startTwoAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "TwoAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
      },
      "abilityStartSetting": {}
    };
    featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
      }
      console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
    });
  }

twoAbilitySlice的xml代碼如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">

    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_two"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="關閉並回傳數據"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />

</DirectionalLayout>

效果圖如下

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TwoabilitySlice的代碼如下

package com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.slice;

import com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;

public class TwoAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_two);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld).setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("key", "value");
                getAbility().setResult(1001, intent1);
                terminateAbility();
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }

    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

ets全部代碼如下

import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  public startOnceAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "OnceAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters":{key1:"value1",key2:"value2"}
      },
    };
    featureAbility.startAbility(str)
      .then((data) => {
        console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
      }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }
  public startTwoAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "TwoAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
      },
      "abilityStartSetting": {}
    };
    featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
      }
      console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
    });
  }
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Text('startAbility啓動OnceAbility並傳參')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(this.startOnceAbility.bind(this))

      Text('startAbilityForResult跳轉TwoAbility')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(this.startTwoAbility.bind(this))
        .backgroundColor(Color.Red)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

運行效果如下

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