SQL堂上作業二

where語句

where語句可以進行內容的選擇。

where語句需要加在from的後面。

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id = 90 ;

輸出如下:

EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID               DEPARTMENT_ID
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------
        100 King                                               AD_PRES                         90
        101 Kochhar                                            AD_VP                           90
        102 De Haan                                            AD_VP                           90

查詢日期或字符串

在查詢字符串或者日期的時候,關鍵字應當用單引號框選

SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id
FROM employees
WHERE last_name = 'Whalen';

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID               DEPARTMENT_ID
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- -------------
Whalen                                             AD_ASST                         10

比較符號查找

WHERE語句支持用數學符號進行條件限定

SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary <= 3000;

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                              SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
Baida                                                    2900
Tobias                                                   2800
Himuro                                                   2600
Colmenares                                               2500
Mikkilineni                                              2700
Landry                                                   2400
Markle                                                   2200
Atkinson                                                 2800
Marlow                                                   2500
Olson                                                    2100
Rogers                                                   2900
Gee                                                      2400
Philtanker                                               2200
Seo                                                      2700
Patel                                                    2500
Matos                                                    2600
Vargas                                                   2500
Sullivan                                                 2500
Geoni                                                    2800
Cabrio                                                   3000
Gates                                                    2900
Perkins                                                  2500
Jones                                                    2800
Feeney                                                   3000
OConnell                                                 2600
Grant                                                    2600

已選擇26行。

給定範圍查找

WHERE支持範圍限定

SELECT last_name, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary BETWEEN 2500 AND 3500;

輸出如下

LAST_NAME                                              SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
Khoo                                                     3100
Baida                                                    2900
Tobias                                                   2800
Himuro                                                   2600
Colmenares                                               2500
Nayer                                                    3200
Mikkilineni                                              2700
Bissot                                                   3300
Atkinson                                                 2800
Marlow                                                   2500
Mallin                                                   3300
Rogers                                                   2900
Stiles                                                   3200
Seo                                                      2700
Patel                                                    2500
Rajs                                                     3500
Davies                                                   3100
Matos                                                    2600
Vargas                                                   2500
Taylor                                                   3200
Fleaur                                                   3100
Sullivan                                                 2500
Geoni                                                    2800
Dellinger                                                3400
Cabrio                                                   3000
Gates                                                    2900
Perkins                                                  2500
McCain                                                   3200
Jones                                                    2800
Walsh                                                    3100
Feeney                                                   3000
OConnell                                                 2600
Grant                                                    2600

已選擇33行。

IN成員

我們可以用in成員對需要查詢的成員進行限定

SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary, manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IN (100, 101, 201);

輸出如下

EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME                                              SALARY MANAGER_ID
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ---------- ----------
        101 Kochhar                                                 17000        100
        102 De Haan                                                 17000        100
        108 Greenberg                                               12000        101
        114 Raphaely                                                11000        100
        120 Weiss                                                    8000        100
        121 Fripp                                                    8200        100
        122 Kaufling                                                 7900        100
        123 Vollman                                                  6500        100
        124 Mourgos                                                  5800        100
        145 Russell                                                 14000        100
        146 Partners                                                13500        100
        147 Errazuriz                                               12000        100
        148 Cambrault                                               11000        100
        149 Zlotkey                                                 10500        100
        200 Whalen                                                   4400        101
        201 Hartstein                                               13000        100
        202 Fay                                                      6000        201
        203 Mavris                                                   6500        101
        204 Baer                                                    10000        101
        205 Higgins                                                 12000        101

已選擇20行。

帶%的模糊查詢

我們可以用LIKE加上通配符%進行字符串模糊查詢

其中%表示可以匹配任意多個字符

SELECT first_name
FROM employees
WHERE first_name LIKE 'S%';

輸出如下

FIRST_NAME
----------------------------------------
Sundar
Shelli
Sarah
Shelley
Steven
Sundita
Steven
Susan
Samuel
Sarath
Stephen
Sigal
Shanta

已選擇13行。

帶_的模糊查詢

我們可以用LIKE加單字符匹配符\(\_\)進行模糊查詢,它代表任意一個字符(注意空格也算一個字符,但不能沒有字符)

SELECT last_name
FROM employees
WHERE last_name LIKE '_o%';

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME
--------------------------------------------------
Colmenares
Doran
Fox
Johnson
Jones
Kochhar
Lorentz
Mourgos
Popp
Rogers
Tobias
Vollman

已選擇12行。

空值查詢

我們可以用IS NULL語句來尋找空值

SELECT last_name, manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NULL;

輸出如下

LAST_NAME                                          MANAGER_ID
-------------------------------------------------- ----------
King

邏輯運算符

WHERE語句中,如果要添加多個限制條件怎麼辦?

我們可以用帶邏輯運算符的表達式解決這個問題

AND運算

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >=10000
AND job_id LIKE '%MAN%';

輸出如下

EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID                   SALARY
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ----------
        114 Raphaely                                           PU_MAN                    11000
        145 Russell                                            SA_MAN                    14000
        146 Partners                                           SA_MAN                    13500
        147 Errazuriz                                          SA_MAN                    12000
        148 Cambrault                                          SA_MAN                    11000
        149 Zlotkey                                            SA_MAN                    10500
        201 Hartstein                                          MK_MAN                    13000

已選擇7行。

OR運算

SELECT employee_id, last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE salary >= 10000
OR job_id LIKE '%MAN%';

輸出如下

EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID                   SALARY
----------- -------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ----------
        100 King                                               AD_PRES                   24000
        101 Kochhar                                            AD_VP                     17000
        102 De Haan                                            AD_VP                     17000
        108 Greenberg                                          FI_MGR                    12000
        114 Raphaely                                           PU_MAN                    11000
        120 Weiss                                              ST_MAN                     8000
        121 Fripp                                              ST_MAN                     8200
        122 Kaufling                                           ST_MAN                     7900
        123 Vollman                                            ST_MAN                     6500
        124 Mourgos                                            ST_MAN                     5800
        145 Russell                                            SA_MAN                    14000
        146 Partners                                           SA_MAN                    13500
        147 Errazuriz                                          SA_MAN                    12000
        148 Cambrault                                          SA_MAN                    11000
        149 Zlotkey                                            SA_MAN                    10500
        150 Tucker                                             SA_REP                    10000
        156 King                                               SA_REP                    10000
        162 Vishney                                            SA_REP                    10500
        168 Ozer                                               SA_REP                    11500
        169 Bloom                                              SA_REP                    10000
        174 Abel                                               SA_REP                    11000
        201 Hartstein                                          MK_MAN                    13000
        204 Baer                                               PR_REP                    10000
        205 Higgins                                            AC_MGR                    12000

已選擇24行。

NOT運算

SELECT last_name, job_id
FROM employees
WHERE job_id 
NOT IN ('IT_PROG', 'ST_CLERK', 'SA_REP');

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID
-------------------------------------------------- --------------------
King                                               AD_PRES
Kochhar                                            AD_VP
De Haan                                            AD_VP
Greenberg                                          FI_MGR
Faviet                                             FI_ACCOUNT
Chen                                               FI_ACCOUNT
Sciarra                                            FI_ACCOUNT
Urman                                              FI_ACCOUNT
Popp                                               FI_ACCOUNT
Raphaely                                           PU_MAN
Khoo                                               PU_CLERK
Baida                                              PU_CLERK
Tobias                                             PU_CLERK
Himuro                                             PU_CLERK
Colmenares                                         PU_CLERK
Weiss                                              ST_MAN
Fripp                                              ST_MAN
Kaufling                                           ST_MAN
Vollman                                            ST_MAN
Mourgos                                            ST_MAN
Russell                                            SA_MAN
Partners                                           SA_MAN
Errazuriz                                          SA_MAN
Cambrault                                          SA_MAN
Zlotkey                                            SA_MAN
Taylor                                             SH_CLERK
Fleaur                                             SH_CLERK
Sullivan                                           SH_CLERK
Geoni                                              SH_CLERK
Sarchand                                           SH_CLERK
Bull                                               SH_CLERK
Dellinger                                          SH_CLERK
Cabrio                                             SH_CLERK
Chung                                              SH_CLERK
Dilly                                              SH_CLERK
Gates                                              SH_CLERK
Perkins                                            SH_CLERK
Bell                                               SH_CLERK
Everett                                            SH_CLERK
McCain                                             SH_CLERK
Jones                                              SH_CLERK
Walsh                                              SH_CLERK
Feeney                                             SH_CLERK
OConnell                                           SH_CLERK
Grant                                              SH_CLERK
Whalen                                             AD_ASST
Hartstein                                          MK_MAN
Fay                                                MK_REP
Mavris                                             HR_REP
Baer                                               PR_REP
Higgins                                            AC_MGR
Gietz                                              AC_ACCOUNT

已選擇52行。

運算符優先級

在SQL中,運算符優先級如下所示,數字越小優先級越高

優先級 運算符
1 算數運算符
2 連接符
3 比較運算符
4 IS [NOT] NULL, LIKE, [NOT] IN
5 [NOT] BETWEEN
6 邏輯運算符NOT
7 邏輯運算符AND
8 邏輯運算符OR

注意:我們可以添加括號以改變運算順序

在下方這個指令中,AND前後的指令會先進行計算,然後再將所得結果與OR合併計算

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE job_id = 'SA_REP'
OR job_id = 'AD_PRES'
AND salary > 15000;

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID                   SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ----------
King                                               AD_PRES                   24000
Tucker                                             SA_REP                    10000
Bernstein                                          SA_REP                     9500
Hall                                               SA_REP                     9000
Olsen                                              SA_REP                     8000
Cambrault                                          SA_REP                     7500
Tuvault                                            SA_REP                     7000
King                                               SA_REP                    10000
Sully                                              SA_REP                     9500
McEwen                                             SA_REP                     9000
Smith                                              SA_REP                     8000
Doran                                              SA_REP                     7500
Sewall                                             SA_REP                     7000
Vishney                                            SA_REP                    10500
Greene                                             SA_REP                     9500
Marvins                                            SA_REP                     7200
Lee                                                SA_REP                     6800
Ande                                               SA_REP                     6400
Banda                                              SA_REP                     6200
Ozer                                               SA_REP                    11500
Bloom                                              SA_REP                    10000
Fox                                                SA_REP                     9600
Smith                                              SA_REP                     7400
Bates                                              SA_REP                     7300
Kumar                                              SA_REP                     6100
Abel                                               SA_REP                    11000
Hutton                                             SA_REP                     8800
Taylor                                             SA_REP                     8600
Livingston                                         SA_REP                     8400
Grant                                              SA_REP                     7000
Johnson                                            SA_REP                     6200

已選擇31行。

如下方指令所示,我們用括號使得OR先完成計算,再進行AND計算

SELECT last_name, job_id, salary
FROM employees
WHERE (job_id = 'SA_REP'
OR job_id = 'AD_PRES')
AND salary > 15000;

輸出如下

LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID                   SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ----------
King                                               AD_PRES                   24000

ORDER語句

我們可以用ORDER語句對輸出的行進行排序

默認情況下,ORDER語句爲從小到大排序

SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date
FROM employees
ORDER BY hire_date ;

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID               DEPARTMENT_ID HIRE_DATE
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------- --------------
King                                               AD_PRES                         90 17-6月 -87
Whalen                                             AD_ASST                         10 17-9月 -87
Kochhar                                            AD_VP                           90 21-9月 -89
Hunold                                             IT_PROG                         60 03-1月 -90
Ernst                                              IT_PROG                         60 21-5月 -91
De Haan                                            AD_VP                           90 13-1月 -93
Mavris                                             HR_REP                          40 07-6月 -94
Baer                                               PR_REP                          70 07-6月 -94
Higgins                                            AC_MGR                         110 07-6月 -94
Gietz                                              AC_ACCOUNT                     110 07-6月 -94
Faviet                                             FI_ACCOUNT                     100 16-8月 -94
Greenberg                                          FI_MGR                         100 17-8月 -94
Raphaely                                           PU_MAN                          30 07-12月-94
Kaufling                                           ST_MAN                          50 01-5月 -95
Khoo                                               PU_CLERK                        30 18-5月 -95
Ladwig                                             ST_CLERK                        50 14-7月 -95
Rajs                                               ST_CLERK                        50 17-10月-95
Sarchand                                           SH_CLERK                        50 27-1月 -96
King                                               SA_REP                          80 30-1月 -96
Bell                                               SH_CLERK                        50 04-2月 -96
Hartstein                                          MK_MAN                          20 17-2月 -96
Sully                                              SA_REP                          80 04-3月 -96
Abel                                               SA_REP                          80 11-5月 -96
Mallin                                             ST_CLERK                        50 14-6月 -96
Weiss                                              ST_MAN                          50 18-7月 -96
McEwen                                             SA_REP                          80 01-8月 -96
Russell                                            SA_MAN                          80 01-10月-96
Partners                                           SA_MAN                          80 05-1月 -97
Davies                                             ST_CLERK                        50 29-1月 -97
Tucker                                             SA_REP                          80 30-1月 -97
Marlow                                             ST_CLERK                        50 16-2月 -97
Bull                                               SH_CLERK                        50 20-2月 -97
Everett                                            SH_CLERK                        50 03-3月 -97
Smith                                              SA_REP                          80 10-3月 -97
Errazuriz                                          SA_MAN                          80 10-3月 -97
Ozer                                               SA_REP                          80 11-3月 -97
Hutton                                             SA_REP                          80 19-3月 -97
Bernstein                                          SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -97
Fripp                                              ST_MAN                          50 10-4月 -97
Chung                                              SH_CLERK                        50 14-6月 -97
Austin                                             IT_PROG                         60 25-6月 -97
Nayer                                              ST_CLERK                        50 16-7月 -97
Tobias                                             PU_CLERK                        30 24-7月 -97
Dilly                                              SH_CLERK                        50 13-8月 -97
Fay                                                MK_REP                          20 17-8月 -97
Bissot                                             ST_CLERK                        50 20-8月 -97
Hall                                               SA_REP                          80 20-8月 -97
Chen                                               FI_ACCOUNT                     100 28-9月 -97
Sciarra                                            FI_ACCOUNT                     100 30-9月 -97
Vollman                                            ST_MAN                          50 10-10月-97
Stiles                                             ST_CLERK                        50 26-10月-97
Atkinson                                           ST_CLERK                        50 30-10月-97
Vishney                                            SA_REP                          80 11-11月-97
Doran                                              SA_REP                          80 15-12月-97
Baida                                              PU_CLERK                        30 24-12月-97
Fox                                                SA_REP                          80 24-1月 -98
Taylor                                             SH_CLERK                        50 24-1月 -98
Pataballa                                          IT_PROG                         60 05-2月 -98
Seo                                                ST_CLERK                        50 12-2月 -98
Fleaur                                             SH_CLERK                        50 23-2月 -98
Urman                                              FI_ACCOUNT                     100 07-3月 -98
Matos                                              ST_CLERK                        50 15-3月 -98
Bloom                                              SA_REP                          80 23-3月 -98
Taylor                                             SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -98
Olsen                                              SA_REP                          80 30-3月 -98
Patel                                              ST_CLERK                        50 06-4月 -98
Livingston                                         SA_REP                          80 23-4月 -98
Walsh                                              SH_CLERK                        50 24-4月 -98
Feeney                                             SH_CLERK                        50 23-5月 -98
Dellinger                                          SH_CLERK                        50 24-6月 -98
McCain                                             SH_CLERK                        50 01-7月 -98
Vargas                                             ST_CLERK                        50 09-7月 -98
Gates                                              SH_CLERK                        50 11-7月 -98
Rogers                                             ST_CLERK                        50 26-8月 -98
Mikkilineni                                        ST_CLERK                        50 28-9月 -98
Sewall                                             SA_REP                          80 03-11月-98
Himuro                                             PU_CLERK                        30 15-11月-98
Cambrault                                          SA_REP                          80 09-12月-98
Landry                                             ST_CLERK                        50 14-1月 -99
Cabrio                                             SH_CLERK                        50 07-2月 -99
Lorentz                                            IT_PROG                         60 07-2月 -99
Smith                                              SA_REP                          80 23-2月 -99
Jones                                              SH_CLERK                        50 17-3月 -99
Greene                                             SA_REP                          80 19-3月 -99
Bates                                              SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -99
Olson                                              ST_CLERK                        50 10-4月 -99
Grant                                              SA_REP                             24-5月 -99
OConnell                                           SH_CLERK                        50 21-6月 -99
Sullivan                                           SH_CLERK                        50 21-6月 -99
Colmenares                                         PU_CLERK                        30 10-8月 -99
Cambrault                                          SA_MAN                          80 15-10月-99
Mourgos                                            ST_MAN                          50 16-11月-99
Tuvault                                            SA_REP                          80 23-11月-99
Popp                                               FI_ACCOUNT                     100 07-12月-99
Gee                                                ST_CLERK                        50 12-12月-99
Perkins                                            SH_CLERK                        50 19-12月-99
Johnson                                            SA_REP                          80 04-1月 -00
Grant                                              SH_CLERK                        50 13-1月 -00
Marvins                                            SA_REP                          80 24-1月 -00
Zlotkey                                            SA_MAN                          80 29-1月 -00
Geoni                                              SH_CLERK                        50 03-2月 -00
Philtanker                                         ST_CLERK                        50 06-2月 -00
Lee                                                SA_REP                          80 23-2月 -00
Markle                                             ST_CLERK                        50 08-3月 -00
Ande                                               SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -00
Banda                                              SA_REP                          80 21-4月 -00
Kumar                                              SA_REP                          80 21-4月 -00

已選擇107行。

DESC倒序輸出

我們可以添加DESC讓數據倒序輸出

SELECT last_name, job_id, department_id, hire_date
FROM employees
ORDER BY hire_date DESC ;

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                          JOB_ID               DEPARTMENT_ID HIRE_DATE
-------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ------------- --------------
Kumar                                              SA_REP                          80 21-4月 -00
Banda                                              SA_REP                          80 21-4月 -00
Ande                                               SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -00
Markle                                             ST_CLERK                        50 08-3月 -00
Lee                                                SA_REP                          80 23-2月 -00
Philtanker                                         ST_CLERK                        50 06-2月 -00
Geoni                                              SH_CLERK                        50 03-2月 -00
Zlotkey                                            SA_MAN                          80 29-1月 -00
Marvins                                            SA_REP                          80 24-1月 -00
Grant                                              SH_CLERK                        50 13-1月 -00
Johnson                                            SA_REP                          80 04-1月 -00
Perkins                                            SH_CLERK                        50 19-12月-99
Gee                                                ST_CLERK                        50 12-12月-99
Popp                                               FI_ACCOUNT                     100 07-12月-99
Tuvault                                            SA_REP                          80 23-11月-99
Mourgos                                            ST_MAN                          50 16-11月-99
Cambrault                                          SA_MAN                          80 15-10月-99
Colmenares                                         PU_CLERK                        30 10-8月 -99
Sullivan                                           SH_CLERK                        50 21-6月 -99
OConnell                                           SH_CLERK                        50 21-6月 -99
Grant                                              SA_REP                             24-5月 -99
Olson                                              ST_CLERK                        50 10-4月 -99
Bates                                              SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -99
Greene                                             SA_REP                          80 19-3月 -99
Jones                                              SH_CLERK                        50 17-3月 -99
Smith                                              SA_REP                          80 23-2月 -99
Cabrio                                             SH_CLERK                        50 07-2月 -99
Lorentz                                            IT_PROG                         60 07-2月 -99
Landry                                             ST_CLERK                        50 14-1月 -99
Cambrault                                          SA_REP                          80 09-12月-98
Himuro                                             PU_CLERK                        30 15-11月-98
Sewall                                             SA_REP                          80 03-11月-98
Mikkilineni                                        ST_CLERK                        50 28-9月 -98
Rogers                                             ST_CLERK                        50 26-8月 -98
Gates                                              SH_CLERK                        50 11-7月 -98
Vargas                                             ST_CLERK                        50 09-7月 -98
McCain                                             SH_CLERK                        50 01-7月 -98
Dellinger                                          SH_CLERK                        50 24-6月 -98
Feeney                                             SH_CLERK                        50 23-5月 -98
Walsh                                              SH_CLERK                        50 24-4月 -98
Livingston                                         SA_REP                          80 23-4月 -98
Patel                                              ST_CLERK                        50 06-4月 -98
Olsen                                              SA_REP                          80 30-3月 -98
Taylor                                             SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -98
Bloom                                              SA_REP                          80 23-3月 -98
Matos                                              ST_CLERK                        50 15-3月 -98
Urman                                              FI_ACCOUNT                     100 07-3月 -98
Fleaur                                             SH_CLERK                        50 23-2月 -98
Seo                                                ST_CLERK                        50 12-2月 -98
Pataballa                                          IT_PROG                         60 05-2月 -98
Taylor                                             SH_CLERK                        50 24-1月 -98
Fox                                                SA_REP                          80 24-1月 -98
Baida                                              PU_CLERK                        30 24-12月-97
Doran                                              SA_REP                          80 15-12月-97
Vishney                                            SA_REP                          80 11-11月-97
Atkinson                                           ST_CLERK                        50 30-10月-97
Stiles                                             ST_CLERK                        50 26-10月-97
Vollman                                            ST_MAN                          50 10-10月-97
Sciarra                                            FI_ACCOUNT                     100 30-9月 -97
Chen                                               FI_ACCOUNT                     100 28-9月 -97
Hall                                               SA_REP                          80 20-8月 -97
Bissot                                             ST_CLERK                        50 20-8月 -97
Fay                                                MK_REP                          20 17-8月 -97
Dilly                                              SH_CLERK                        50 13-8月 -97
Tobias                                             PU_CLERK                        30 24-7月 -97
Nayer                                              ST_CLERK                        50 16-7月 -97
Austin                                             IT_PROG                         60 25-6月 -97
Chung                                              SH_CLERK                        50 14-6月 -97
Fripp                                              ST_MAN                          50 10-4月 -97
Bernstein                                          SA_REP                          80 24-3月 -97
Hutton                                             SA_REP                          80 19-3月 -97
Ozer                                               SA_REP                          80 11-3月 -97
Smith                                              SA_REP                          80 10-3月 -97
Errazuriz                                          SA_MAN                          80 10-3月 -97
Everett                                            SH_CLERK                        50 03-3月 -97
Bull                                               SH_CLERK                        50 20-2月 -97
Marlow                                             ST_CLERK                        50 16-2月 -97
Tucker                                             SA_REP                          80 30-1月 -97
Davies                                             ST_CLERK                        50 29-1月 -97
Partners                                           SA_MAN                          80 05-1月 -97
Russell                                            SA_MAN                          80 01-10月-96
McEwen                                             SA_REP                          80 01-8月 -96
Weiss                                              ST_MAN                          50 18-7月 -96
Mallin                                             ST_CLERK                        50 14-6月 -96
Abel                                               SA_REP                          80 11-5月 -96
Sully                                              SA_REP                          80 04-3月 -96
Hartstein                                          MK_MAN                          20 17-2月 -96
Bell                                               SH_CLERK                        50 04-2月 -96
King                                               SA_REP                          80 30-1月 -96
Sarchand                                           SH_CLERK                        50 27-1月 -96
Rajs                                               ST_CLERK                        50 17-10月-95
Ladwig                                             ST_CLERK                        50 14-7月 -95
Khoo                                               PU_CLERK                        30 18-5月 -95
Kaufling                                           ST_MAN                          50 01-5月 -95
Raphaely                                           PU_MAN                          30 07-12月-94
Greenberg                                          FI_MGR                         100 17-8月 -94
Faviet                                             FI_ACCOUNT                     100 16-8月 -94
Mavris                                             HR_REP                          40 07-6月 -94
Baer                                               PR_REP                          70 07-6月 -94
Higgins                                            AC_MGR                         110 07-6月 -94
Gietz                                              AC_ACCOUNT                     110 07-6月 -94
De Haan                                            AD_VP                           90 13-1月 -93
Ernst                                              IT_PROG                         60 21-5月 -91
Hunold                                             IT_PROG                         60 03-1月 -90
Kochhar                                            AD_VP                           90 21-9月 -89
Whalen                                             AD_ASST                         10 17-9月 -87
King                                               AD_PRES                         90 17-6月 -87

已選擇107行。

對化名排序

我們可以基於運算出的數據進行排序

SELECT employee_id, last_name, salary*12 annsal
FROM employees
ORDER BY annsal;

輸出如下

EMPLOYEE_ID LAST_NAME                                              ANNSAL
----------- -------------------------------------------------- ----------
        132 Olson                                                   25200
        128 Markle                                                  26400
        136 Philtanker                                              26400
        135 Gee                                                     28800
        127 Landry                                                  28800
        119 Colmenares                                              30000
        131 Marlow                                                  30000
        140 Patel                                                   30000
        144 Vargas                                                  30000
        182 Sullivan                                                30000
        191 Perkins                                                 30000
        143 Matos                                                   31200
        199 Grant                                                   31200
        118 Himuro                                                  31200
        198 OConnell                                                31200
        139 Seo                                                     32400
        126 Mikkilineni                                             32400
        130 Atkinson                                                33600
        183 Geoni                                                   33600
        117 Tobias                                                  33600
        195 Jones                                                   33600
        134 Rogers                                                  34800
        116 Baida                                                   34800
        190 Gates                                                   34800
        197 Feeney                                                  36000
        187 Cabrio                                                  36000
        181 Fleaur                                                  37200
        115 Khoo                                                    37200
        142 Davies                                                  37200
        196 Walsh                                                   37200
        194 McCain                                                  38400
        125 Nayer                                                   38400
        138 Stiles                                                  38400
        180 Taylor                                                  38400
        133 Mallin                                                  39600
        129 Bissot                                                  39600
        186 Dellinger                                               40800
        141 Rajs                                                    42000
        189 Dilly                                                   43200
        137 Ladwig                                                  43200
        188 Chung                                                   45600
        193 Everett                                                 46800
        192 Bell                                                    48000
        185 Bull                                                    49200
        107 Lorentz                                                 50400
        184 Sarchand                                                50400
        200 Whalen                                                  52800
        106 Pataballa                                               57600
        105 Austin                                                  57600
        124 Mourgos                                                 69600
        104 Ernst                                                   72000
        202 Fay                                                     72000
        173 Kumar                                                   73200
        167 Banda                                                   74400
        179 Johnson                                                 74400
        166 Ande                                                    76800
        123 Vollman                                                 78000
        203 Mavris                                                  78000
        165 Lee                                                     81600
        113 Popp                                                    82800
        155 Tuvault                                                 84000
        161 Sewall                                                  84000
        178 Grant                                                   84000
        164 Marvins                                                 86400
        172 Bates                                                   87600
        171 Smith                                                   88800
        154 Cambrault                                               90000
        160 Doran                                                   90000
        111 Sciarra                                                 92400
        112 Urman                                                   93600
        122 Kaufling                                                94800
        159 Smith                                                   96000
        120 Weiss                                                   96000
        153 Olsen                                                   96000
        110 Chen                                                    98400
        121 Fripp                                                   98400
        206 Gietz                                                   99600
        177 Livingston                                             100800
        176 Taylor                                                 103200
        175 Hutton                                                 105600
        103 Hunold                                                 108000
        109 Faviet                                                 108000
        152 Hall                                                   108000
        158 McEwen                                                 108000
        157 Sully                                                  114000
        163 Greene                                                 114000
        151 Bernstein                                              114000
        170 Fox                                                    115200
        204 Baer                                                   120000
        169 Bloom                                                  120000
        156 King                                                   120000
        150 Tucker                                                 120000
        162 Vishney                                                126000
        149 Zlotkey                                                126000
        148 Cambrault                                              132000
        114 Raphaely                                               132000
        174 Abel                                                   132000
        168 Ozer                                                   138000
        205 Higgins                                                144000
        108 Greenberg                                              144000
        147 Errazuriz                                              144000
        201 Hartstein                                              156000
        146 Partners                                               162000
        145 Russell                                                168000
        102 De Haan                                                204000
        101 Kochhar                                                204000
        100 King                                                   288000

已選擇107行。

多關鍵字排序

在排序時,我們可以給排序添加多個關鍵字

排序規則:先比較第一關鍵字,如第一關鍵字不同則按第一關鍵字進行,否則比較下一個關鍵字

SELECT last_name, department_id, salary
FROM employees
ORDER BY department_id, salary DESC;

輸出如下:

LAST_NAME                                          DEPARTMENT_ID     SALARY
-------------------------------------------------- ------------- ----------
Whalen                                                        10       4400
Hartstein                                                     20      13000
Fay                                                           20       6000
Raphaely                                                      30      11000
Khoo                                                          30       3100
Baida                                                         30       2900
Tobias                                                        30       2800
Himuro                                                        30       2600
Colmenares                                                    30       2500
Mavris                                                        40       6500
Fripp                                                         50       8200
Weiss                                                         50       8000
Kaufling                                                      50       7900
Vollman                                                       50       6500
Mourgos                                                       50       5800
Sarchand                                                      50       4200
Bull                                                          50       4100
Bell                                                          50       4000
Everett                                                       50       3900
Chung                                                         50       3800
Dilly                                                         50       3600
Ladwig                                                        50       3600
Rajs                                                          50       3500
Dellinger                                                     50       3400
Mallin                                                        50       3300
Bissot                                                        50       3300
Taylor                                                        50       3200
Nayer                                                         50       3200
Stiles                                                        50       3200
McCain                                                        50       3200
Davies                                                        50       3100
Walsh                                                         50       3100
Fleaur                                                        50       3100
Cabrio                                                        50       3000
Feeney                                                        50       3000
Rogers                                                        50       2900
Gates                                                         50       2900
Atkinson                                                      50       2800
Jones                                                         50       2800
Geoni                                                         50       2800
Mikkilineni                                                   50       2700
Seo                                                           50       2700
Matos                                                         50       2600
OConnell                                                      50       2600
Grant                                                         50       2600
Perkins                                                       50       2500
Marlow                                                        50       2500
Sullivan                                                      50       2500
Patel                                                         50       2500
Vargas                                                        50       2500
Gee                                                           50       2400
Landry                                                        50       2400
Markle                                                        50       2200
Philtanker                                                    50       2200
Olson                                                         50       2100
Hunold                                                        60       9000
Ernst                                                         60       6000
Austin                                                        60       4800
Pataballa                                                     60       4800
Lorentz                                                       60       4200
Baer                                                          70      10000
Russell                                                       80      14000
Partners                                                      80      13500
Errazuriz                                                     80      12000
Ozer                                                          80      11500
Abel                                                          80      11000
Cambrault                                                     80      11000
Zlotkey                                                       80      10500
Vishney                                                       80      10500
Bloom                                                         80      10000
Tucker                                                        80      10000
King                                                          80      10000
Fox                                                           80       9600
Bernstein                                                     80       9500
Sully                                                         80       9500
Greene                                                        80       9500
Hall                                                          80       9000
McEwen                                                        80       9000
Hutton                                                        80       8800
Taylor                                                        80       8600
Livingston                                                    80       8400
Olsen                                                         80       8000
Smith                                                         80       8000
Cambrault                                                     80       7500
Doran                                                         80       7500
Smith                                                         80       7400
Bates                                                         80       7300
Marvins                                                       80       7200
Tuvault                                                       80       7000
Sewall                                                        80       7000
Lee                                                           80       6800
Ande                                                          80       6400
Johnson                                                       80       6200
Banda                                                         80       6200
Kumar                                                         80       6100
King                                                          90      24000
Kochhar                                                       90      17000
De Haan                                                       90      17000
Greenberg                                                    100      12000
Faviet                                                       100       9000
Chen                                                         100       8200
Urman                                                        100       7800
Sciarra                                                      100       7700
Popp                                                         100       6900
Higgins                                                      110      12000
Gietz                                                        110       8300
Grant                                                                  7000

已選擇107行。
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