springmvc半註解項目開發流程

最後更新日期:2022-12-01

1. 概述

本篇主要介紹使用springmvc半註解開發項目的過程。

參考博客:《SpringMVC學習(二)——快速搭建SpringMVC開發環境(註解方式)》

博客內容簡潔不全,其源碼託管於:https://gitee.com/leo825/spring-framework-learning-example

1.1 開發環境簡述

操作系統:deepin20.7

vscode:1.73.1,需要安裝java,maven,spring,tomcat相關插件

jdk開發運行環境:

#java環境
export JAVA_HOME=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/jdk-17
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
#tomcat環境
export PATH=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-tomcat-8.5.83/bin:$PATH
#maver環境
export PATH=/home/liwl/.jdk_for_dev/apache-maven-3.8.6/bin:$PATH

項目位置:/home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/

數據庫創建:

# 創建數據庫在,注意數據庫的編碼
create database liwldev_java_web_springmvc charset utf8 collate utf8_general_ci;
# 創建表
use liwldev_java_web_springmvc;
create table t_user_info( `id` int(11) unsigned not null primary key auto_increment comment '用戶ID', `name` varchar(20) default null comment '用戶姓名', `gender` varchar(2) default null comment '用戶性別', `age` varchar(3) default null comment '用戶年紀');
# 授權
grant all privileges on liwldev_java_web_springmvc.* to 'liwl'@'localhost' identified by 'liwanliang';
#
flush privileges;

2. 開發過程

2.1 配置部分

2.1.1 maven創建項目

進入到項目位置:

cd /home/liwl/Documents/nsccwx/liwldev/java/web/springmvc/

創建項目:

mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.liwl -DartifactId=springmvc_xml_annotation -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false

2.1.2 配置pom.xml

編輯pom.xml,引入依賴包:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.liwl</groupId>
  <artifactId>springmvc_xml_annotation</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>springmvc_xml_annotation Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <spring.version>5.3.21</spring.version>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>17</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>17</maven.compiler.target>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.0.1</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
      <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.2</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>8.0.29</version> 
    </dependency>
      
    <!-- jsp 標準標籤庫 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>taglibs-standard-spec</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>taglibs-standard-impl</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.5</version>
    </dependency>
      
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <finalName>springmvc_xml_annotation</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
  </build>
</project>

2.1.3 配置web.xml

編輯web.xml,配置項目,其內容如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd"
         version="3.1">
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc_xml_annotation</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc_xml_annotation-servlet.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc_xml_annotation</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

</web-app>

web.xml裏面通過contextConfigLocation參數,引入了springmvc_xml_annotaion-servlet.xml配置,在resources目錄下創建springmvc_xml_annotation-servlet.xml

2.1.4 配置servlet.xml

在resources目錄下創建springmvc_xml_annotation-servlet.xml,內容如下:

需要注意的是xmlns的配置,如果配置有問題,則無法識別mvc標籤

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
       default-lazy-init="true">

    <!-- 處理器映射器,將處理器Handler的name作爲URL進行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 處理器適配器,適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的調用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置視圖解析器,把handler方法返回的邏輯視圖解析爲實際的物理視圖 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

</beans>

2.2 編碼部分

/src/main/下創建源碼目錄:

mkdir src/main/java/com/liwl/{config,controller,model,service,util}

2.2.1 編寫HelloController.java

src/main/java/com/liwl/controller目錄下,創建HelloController.java,如下:

package com.liwl.controller;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping(value = "/hello",method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView hello() throws ServletException,IOException{
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("data","springmvc註解編碼測試成功");
        modelAndView.setViewName("success");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.2.2 編寫success.jsp文件

src/main/webapp/WEB-INF/views/目錄下創建success.jsp,內容如下:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳轉到success了!!!</h2>
    <p>
        ${data}
    </p>
</body>
</html>

2.2.3 註冊HelloController訪問success

修改src/main/resources/sprinmvc_xml-servlet.xml,註冊bean,如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 處理器映射器,將處理器Handler的name作爲URL進行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 處理器適配器,適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的調用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置視圖解析器,把handler方法返回的邏輯視圖解析爲實際的物理視圖 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="helloController" name="/hello" class="com.liwl.controller.HelloController"></bean>

</beans>

使用maven插件編譯應用,使用servers插件啓動應用。訪問:http://localhost:8080/springmvc_xml/hello

2.2.4 修改servlet.xml引入註解

修改src/main/resources/sprinmvc_xml-servlet.xml,註冊bean,如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" 
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"
       default-lazy-init="true">

    <!-- 處理器映射器,將處理器Handler的name作爲URL進行查找 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping"></bean>

    <!-- 處理器適配器,適配處理器中handlerRequest方法的調用 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter"></bean>

    <!-- 配置視圖解析器,把handler方法返回的邏輯視圖解析爲實際的物理視圖 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Spring內置連接池 -->
    <bean id="driverManagerDataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/liwldev_java_web_springmvc"></property>
        <property name="username" value="liwl"></property>
        <property name="password" value="liwanliang"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--指定連接池-->
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
            <property name="dataSource" ref="driverManagerDataSource"></property>
    </bean>

    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.liwl"></context:component-scan>
</beans>

2.2.5 編寫UserInfo.java

src/main/java/com/liwl/model下創建UserInfo.java,如下:

此類對應數據庫liwldev_java_web_springmvc的表t_user_info的各個字段

package com.liwl.model;

public class UserInfo {

    private Long id;
    private String name;
    private String age;
    private String gender;

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }
    
    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
}

2.2.6 編寫UserInfoService.java

src/main/java/com/liwl/service目錄下,創建UserInfoService.java文件,如下:

package com.liwl.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;

public interface UserInfoService {
    void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo);
    void deleteUserInfo(Long id);
    void updateUserInfo(Long id,UserInfo newUserInfo);
    List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList();
}

2.2.7 編寫UserInfoServiceImpl.java

src/main/java/com/liwl/service/impl目錄下,創建UserInfoServiceImpl.java文件,如下:

package com.liwl.service.impl;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;

@Service
public class UserInfoServiceImpl implements UserInfoService {

    @Autowired
    JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    @Override
    public void insertUserInfo(UserInfo userInfo) {
        jdbcTemplate.execute("insert into t_user_info(name,age,gender) values('"+userInfo.getName()+"+"+userInfo.getAge()+"+"+userInfo.getGender()+"')");
    }

    @Override
    public void deleteUserInfo(Long id) {
        jdbcTemplate.execute("delete from t_user_info where id="+id);
    }

    @Override
    public void updateUserInfo(Long id, UserInfo newUserInfo) {
        jdbcTemplate.update("update t_user_info set name=?,age=?,gender=? where id=?",new Object[]{
            new UserInfo().getName(),
            new UserInfo().getAge(),
            new UserInfo().getGender(),
        });
    }

    @Override
    public List<UserInfo> getUserInfoList() {
        List<UserInfo> userInfos = new ArrayList<>();
        List<Map<String,Object>> results = jdbcTemplate.queryForList("select * from t_user_info");
        for (Map<String,Object> obj: results){
            UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
            userInfo.setId((Long) obj.get("id"));
            userInfo.setName((String) obj.get("name"));
            userInfo.setAge((String) obj.get("age"));
            userInfo.setGender((String) obj.get("gender"));
            userInfos.add(userInfo);
        }
        return userInfos;
    }    
}

2.2.8 編寫GetUserInfoController.java

在src/main/java/com/liwl/controller目錄下創建GetUserInfoController.java,如下:

package com.liwl.controller;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.liwl.model.UserInfo;
import com.liwl.service.UserInfoService;

@Controller
public class GetUserInfoController {

    @Autowired
    UserInfoService userInfoService;
    
    @RequestMapping("/getuserinfo")
    public ModelAndView getUserInfo(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest,HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse) throws Exception{
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        List<UserInfo> userInfoList = userInfoService.getUserInfoList();
        modelAndView.addObject("data",userInfoList);
        modelAndView.setViewName("info");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

2.2.9 編寫info.jsp

在src/main/webapp/views/下創建info.jsp,如下:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false"%>
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>跳轉到success了!!!</h2>
<p>
    <c:forEach items="${data}" var="d">
        <tr><td>${d.id}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.name}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.age}</td></tr>
        <tr><td>${d.gender}</td></tr>
        </br>
    </c:forEach>
</p>
</body>
</html>

編譯以後,訪問:http://localhost:8080/springmvc_xml_annotation/getuserinfo

發表評論
所有評論
還沒有人評論,想成為第一個評論的人麼? 請在上方評論欄輸入並且點擊發布.
相關文章