Android6.0運行時權限

Android6.0系統中引用了運行時權限功能，從而更好的保護了用戶的安全和隱私。

哪些是Android列出的危險權限

權限組名	權限名
CALENDAR	READ_CALENDAR / WRITE_CALENDAR
CAMERA	CAMERA
CONTACTS	READ_CONTACTS / WRITE_CONTACTS / GET_LOCATION
LOCATION	ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION / ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
MICROPHONE	RECORD_AUDIO
PHONE	READ_PHONE_STATE / CALL_PHONE / WRITE_CALL_LOG / ADD_VOICEMAIL / USE_SIP / PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS
SENSORS	BODY_SENSORS
SMS	SEND_SMS / RECEIVE_SMS / READ_SMS / RECEIVE_WAP_PUSH / RECEIVE_MMS
STORAGE	READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE

---

除了這個表裏面的權限其他都是普通權限，直接在AndroidManifest.xml中申請即可。

危險權限的申請

1. 在AndroidManifest.xml中聲明

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.mengfeijia.playvideotest">
    // 這裏以寫入權限爲例
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round"
        android:supportsRtl="true"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme">
        ...
    </application>

</manifest>

如果運行在6.0以下的系統上是沒有問題的，如果在6.0或者更高的版本上就需要動態申請權限：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {

    private VideoView videoView;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)!=
                PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE },1);
        } else {
            initVideoPlay();
        }
    }

    private void initVideoPlay() {
        File file = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "movie.mp4");
        videoView.setVideoPath(file.getPath());
    }


    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length >0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                    initVideoPlay();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this,"拒絕權限無法使用程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
                break;

        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View view) {
        switch (view.getId()){
            case R.id.btn_play:
                if (!videoView.isPlaying()){
                    videoView.isPlaying();
                }
                break;
            case R.id.btn_pause:
                if (videoView.isPlaying()){
                    videoView.pause();
                }

                break;
            case R.id.btn_stop:
                if (videoView.isPlaying()){
                    videoView.resume();
                }
                break;
        }

    }

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        if (videoView != null){
            videoView.suspend();
        }
    }
}

這樣就可以成功使用了。

對於多個權限的寫法：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION);
        }

        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE)!=
                PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE);
        }

        if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(MainActivity.this,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
            permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
        }

        if (!permissionList.isEmpty()){
            String[] permissions = permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]);
            ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,permissions,1);
        }else{
            requestLocation();
        }
    }

    private void requestLocation() {
        initLocation();
        mLocationClient.start();
    }

    private void initLocation() {
        ／／ doSomethings
    }

    @Override
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
        switch (requestCode){
            case 1:
                if (grantResults.length > 0){
                    for(int result : grantResults){
                        if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){
                            Toast.makeText(this,"必須同意所有權限才能使用本程序",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                            finish();
                            return;
                        }
                    }
                    requestLocation();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(this,"發生爲止錯誤",Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                    finish();
                }
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }
    }
}

可以看出我們使用集合來批量申請權限，只要有一個失敗則都不能使用。

你是不是有學會一招批量聲明權限的方法呢，如果有問題請留言。