mysql用戶管理
創建用戶
創建一個user1,受所有權限,密碼是123456,只能在127.0.0.1機器下登錄。
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.45 sec)
創建user2用戶,密碼爲000000,並授予其針對db1庫SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT權限
MySQL > grant SELECT,UPDATE,INSERT on db1.* to'user2'@'192.168.1.11' identified by '000000';
創建user3,密碼爲000000,並針對所有IP授予其db1庫所有權限
MySQL > grant all on db1.* to 'user3'@'%' identified by '000000';
當然,也可以使用create user ‘test’@’%’ identified by ‘123456’; 創建用戶並授權。
grant all 代表所有的權限
*.* 第一個*代表庫名。後面.*代表庫中的表名
% 通配所有的IP
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p000000
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'user1'@'localhost' (using password: YES)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uuser1 -p000000 -h127.0.0.1
因爲默認使用sock通信,所以使用-h指定主機
查看用戶的授權信息
1. 查看當前用戶的授權信息
MySQL > show grants;
2. 查看指定用戶的授權信息。root用戶可用
MySQL > show grants for [email protected];
mysql> show grants for user1@'127.0.0.1';
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for [email protected] |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'user1'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
常用sql語句
sql語句,對數據庫操作無外乎增,刪,改,查。
查找mysql庫user表中的行數
mysql> select count(*) from mysql.user;
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 7 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.07 sec)
查詢mysql庫db表中的所有內容
select * from mysql.db\G;
查詢mysql庫db表中的db字段內容
mysql> select db from mysql.db;
+---------+
| db |
+---------+
| test |
| test\_% |
+---------+
2 rows in set (0.10 sec)
查詢mysql庫db表中的db和user字段內容
mysql> select db,user from mysql.db;
+---------+------+
| db | user |
+---------+------+
| test | |
| test\_% | |
+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
來自ip模糊查詢mysql庫中的db表的所有的內容
select * from mysql.db where host like '192.168.%';
db1庫t1表中插入數據(1 , ‘abc’)
mysql> insert into db1.t1 values (1, 'abc');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.17 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | abc |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.04 sec)
db1庫t1表中更新數據
mysql> update db1.t1 set name='aaa' where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.15 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
刪除表中某條數據delete from db1.t1 where id=1;
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 1 | aaa |
| 2 | abc |
+------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> delete from db1.t1 where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | abc |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
清空表中的所有內容,表結構保留truncate table db1.t1;
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
+------+------+
| id | name |
+------+------+
| 2 | abc |
+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> truncate db1.t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
mysql> select * from db1.t1;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
mysql> desc db1.t1;
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(4) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | char(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+----------+------+-----+---------+-------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
刪除庫表,表結構同時刪除
drop table db1.t1;
drop database db1;
對運維來講,使用刪除(drop, truncate)命令,一定要慎重,在小心都不過分。一旦刪除錯了某表,字段,那就損失慘重!
Mysql數據庫備份和恢復
是在linux下操作的
備份庫
mysqldump -uroot -p000000 庫名 > /tmp/mysql.sql
將mysql庫備份爲/tmp/mysql.sql
[root@shuai-01 ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p111111 mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
恢復庫 mysql -uroot -p000000 mysql < /tmp/mysql.sql
[root@shuai-01 ~]# mysql -uroot -p111111 mysql < /tmp/mysql.sql
備份表 mysqldump -uroot -p000000 mysql user > /tmp/user.sql 庫後面空格加上表名
恢復表 mysql -uroot -p000000 mysql < /tmp/user.sql
只用寫庫名就行了。
備份所有庫 mysqldump -uroot -p000000 -A >/tmp/123.sql
只備份表結構 mysqldump -uroot -p000000 -d mysql > /tmp/mysql.sql
備份用mysqldump , 恢復用mysql
mysqldump針對比較小的數據進行備份比較合適。
擴展
SQL語句教程 http://blog.51cto.com/zt/206
什麼是事務?事務的特性有哪些? http://blog.csdn.net/yenange/article/details/7556094
根據binlog恢復指定時間段的數據 http://www.centoscn.com/mysql/2015/0204/4630.html
mysql字符集調整 http://xjsunjie.blog.51cto.com/999372/1355013
使用xtrabackup備份innodb引擎的數據庫 innobackupex 備份 Xtrabackup 增量備份
http://zhangguangzhi.top/2017/08/23/innobackex%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E5%A4%87%E4%BB%BDmysql%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE/#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E5%BC%80%E5%A7%8B%E6%81%A2%E5%A4%8Dmysql
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