1：AQS
AQS組件：CountDownLatch、Semaphone、CyclicBarrier、ReentrrantLock、Condition、FutureTask
1：CountDownLatch
CountDownLatch類位於java.util.concurrent包下，利用它可以實現類似計數器的功能。比如有一個任務A，它要等待其他4個任務執行完畢之後才能執行，此時就可以利用CountDownLatch來實現這種功能了。
@Slf4j
public class CountDownLatchExample2 {
private final static int threadCount = 200;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(threadCount);
for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
final int threadNum = i;
exec.execute(() -> {
try {
test(threadNum);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
} finally {
countDownLatch.countDown();
}
});
}
countDownLatch.await(10, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
log.info("finish");
exec.shutdown();
}
private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(100);
log.info("{}", threadNum);
}
}
2：Semaphone
Semaphore翻譯成字面意思爲 信號量，Semaphore可以控同時訪問的線程個數，通過 acquire() 獲取一個許可，如果沒有就等待，而 release() 釋放一個許可。
@Slf4j
public class SemaphoreExample1 {
private final static int threadCount = 20;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(3);
for (int i = 0; i < threadCount; i++) {
final int threadNum = i;
exec.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire(); // 獲取一個許可
test(threadNum);
semaphore.release(); // 釋放一個許可
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
});
}
exec.shutdown();
}
private static void test(int threadNum) throws Exception {
log.info("{}", threadNum);
Thread.sleep(1000);
}
}
3：CyclicBarrier
字面意思迴環柵欄，通過它可以實現讓一組線程等待至某個狀態之後再全部同時執行。叫做迴環是因爲當所有等待線程都被釋放以後，CyclicBarrier可以被重用。我們暫且把這個狀態就叫做barrier，當調用await()方法之後，線程就處於barrier了。
@Slf4j
public class CyclicBarrierExample1 {
private static CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(5);
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
final int threadNum = i;
Thread.sleep(1000);
executor.execute(() -> {
try {
race(threadNum);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
});
}
executor.shutdown();
}
private static void race(int threadNum) throws Exception {
Thread.sleep(1000);
log.info("{} is ready", threadNum);
barrier.await();
log.info("{} continue", threadNum);
}
}
4：FutureTask
@Slf4j
public class FutureExample {
static class MyCallable implements Callable<String> {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
log.info("do something in callable");
Thread.sleep(5000);
return "Done";
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
Future<String> future = executorService.submit(new MyCallable());
log.info("do something in main");
Thread.sleep(1000);
String result = future.get();
log.info("result：{}", result);
}
}
@Slf4j
public class FutureTaskExample {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
FutureTask<String> futureTask = new FutureTask<String>(new Callable<String>() {
@Override
public String call() throws Exception {
log.info("do something in callable");
Thread.sleep(5000);
return "Done";
}
});
new Thread(futureTask).start();
log.info("do something in main");
Thread.sleep(1000);
String result = futureTask.get();
log.info("result：{}", result);
}
}
5：ForkJoinTask
@Slf4j
public class ForkJoinTaskExample extends RecursiveTask<Integer> {
public static final int threshold = 2;
private int start;
private int end;
public ForkJoinTaskExample(int start, int end) {
this.start = start;
this.end = end;
}
@Override
protected Integer compute() {
int sum = 0;
//如果任務足夠小就計算任務
boolean canCompute = (end - start) <= threshold;
if (canCompute) {
for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {
sum += i;
}
} else {
// 如果任務大於閾值，就分裂成兩個子任務計算
int middle = (start + end) / 2;
ForkJoinTaskExample leftTask = new ForkJoinTaskExample(start, middle);
ForkJoinTaskExample rightTask = new ForkJoinTaskExample(middle + 1, end);
// 執行子任務
leftTask.fork();
rightTask.fork();
// 等待任務執行結束合併其結果
int leftResult = leftTask.join();
int rightResult = rightTask.join();
// 合併子任務
sum = leftResult + rightResult;
}
return sum;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ForkJoinPool forkjoinPool = new ForkJoinPool();
//生成一個計算任務，計算1+2+3+4
ForkJoinTaskExample task = new ForkJoinTaskExample(1, 100);
//執行一個任務
Future<Integer> result = forkjoinPool.submit(task);
try {
log.info("result:{}", result.get());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
}
}
6：ReentrrantLock
@Slf4j
@ThreadSafe
public class LockExample2 {
// 請求總數
public static int clientTotal = 5000;
// 同時併發執行的線程數
public static int threadTotal = 200;
public static int count = 0;
private final static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(threadTotal);
final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(clientTotal);
for (int i = 0; i < clientTotal ; i++) {
executorService.execute(() -> {
try {
semaphore.acquire();
add();
semaphore.release();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("exception", e);
}
countDownLatch.countDown();
});
}
countDownLatch.await();
executorService.shutdown();
log.info("count:{}", count);
}
private static void add() {
lock.lock();
try {
count++;
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
死鎖
/**
* 一個簡單的死鎖類
* 當DeadLock類的對象flag==1時（td1），先鎖定o1,睡眠500毫秒
* 而td1在睡眠的時候另一個flag==0的對象（td2）線程啓動，先鎖定o2,睡眠500毫秒
* td1睡眠結束後需要鎖定o2才能繼續執行，而此時o2已被td2鎖定；
* td2睡眠結束後需要鎖定o1才能繼續執行，而此時o1已被td1鎖定；
* td1、td2相互等待，都需要得到對方鎖定的資源才能繼續執行，從而死鎖。
*/
@Slf4j
public class DeadLock implements Runnable {
public int flag = 1;
//靜態對象是類的所有對象共享的
private static Object o1 = new Object(), o2 = new Object();
@Override
public void run() {
log.info("flag:{}", flag);
if (flag == 1) {
synchronized (o1) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (o2) {
log.info("1");
}
}
}
if (flag == 0) {
synchronized (o2) {
try {
Thread.sleep(500);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (o1) {
log.info("0");
}
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
DeadLock td1 = new DeadLock();
DeadLock td2 = new DeadLock();
td1.flag = 1;
td2.flag = 0;
//td1,td2都處於可執行狀態，但JVM線程調度先執行哪個線程是不確定的。
//td2的run()可能在td1的run()之前運行
new Thread(td1).start();
new Thread(td2).start();
}
}