作者：聶飛
轉載請註明出處
在終端下使用vim進行編輯時，默認情況下，編輯的界面上是沒有顯示行號、語法高亮度顯示、智能縮進等功能的。爲了更好的在vim下進行工作，需要手動設置一個配置文件：.vimrc。
在啓動vim時，當前用戶根目錄下的.vimrc文件會被自動讀取，該文件可以包含一些設置甚至腳本，所以，一般情況下把.vimrc文件創建在當前用戶的根目錄下比較方便，即創建的命令爲：
$vi ~/.vimrc
設置完後
$:x 或者 $wq
進行保存退出即可。
下面給出一個例子，其中列出了經常用到的設置，詳細的設置信息請參照參考資料：
“雙引號開始的行爲註釋行，下同
“去掉討厭的有關vi一致性模式，避免以前版本的一些bug和侷限
set nocompatible
“顯示行號
set nummber
“檢測文件的類型
filetype on
“記錄歷史的行數
set history=1000
“背景使用黑色
set background=dark
“語法高亮度顯示
syntax on
“下面兩行在進行編寫代碼時，在格式對起上很有用；
“第一行，vim使用自動對起，也就是把當前行的對起格式應用到下一行；
“第二行，依據上面的對起格式，智能的選擇對起方式，對於類似C語言編
“寫上很有用
set autoindent
set smartindent
“第一行設置tab鍵爲4個空格，第二行設置當行之間交錯時使用4個空格
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
“設置匹配模式，類似當輸入一個左括號時會匹配相應的那個右括號
set showmatch
“去除vim的GUI版本中的toolbar
set guioptions-=T
“當vim進行編輯時，如果命令錯誤，會發出一個響聲，該設置去掉響聲
set vb t_vb=
“在編輯過程中，在右下角顯示光標位置的狀態行
set ruler
“默認情況下，尋找匹配是高亮度顯示的，該設置關閉高亮顯示
set nohls
“查詢時非常方便，如要查找book單詞，當輸入到/b時，會自動找到第一
“個b開頭的單詞，當輸入到/bo時，會自動找到第一個bo開頭的單詞，依
“次類推，進行查找時，使用此設置會快速找到答案，當你找要匹配的單詞
“時，別忘記回車
set incsearch
“修改一個文件後，自動進行備份，備份的文件名爲原文件名加“~“後綴
if has(“vms”)
set nobackup
else
set backup
endif
如果去除註釋後，一個完整的.vimrc配置信息如下所示：
set nocompatible
set nummber
filetype on
set history=1000
set background=dark
syntax on
set autoindent
set smartindent
set tabstop=4
set shiftwidth=4
set showmatch
set guioptions-=T
set vb t_vb=
set ruler
set nohls
set incsearch
if has(“vms”)
set nobackup
else
set backup
endif
如果設置完後，發現功能沒有起作用，檢查一下系統下是否安裝了vim-enhanced包，查詢命令爲：
$rpm –q vim-enhanced
參考資料：
1．vim的完全翻譯版在下面連接處可以找到
http://vimcdoc.sourceforge.net/
可以下栽其中的一個PDF版本，裏面介紹的很詳細，強烈推薦：）
2．更詳細的vim信息可以訪問：
3．一個帶有英文註釋的.vimrc例子
http://www.vi-improved.org/vimrc.php
主要實現自動縮進，換行等功能。
一個很簡單的.vimrc
主要實現自動縮進，換行等功能。
set nocompatible
set columns=80
set tabstop=4
set ruler
set noexpandtab
set number
set ignorecase
set wrapmargin=15
set cindent
set shiftwidth=4
syntax on
"關掉備份文件
set nobackup
"暫時沒用，留着吧
hi CursorLine guibg=LightBlue
"高亮當前行
set cursorline
"設置顏色方案
colorscheme torte
"顯示行號
set number
"關掉工具條
set go=e
Windows 和 Linux 下適用，無需更改，除了要重新設置用到的程序路徑；
GUI 和 Console 或終端下適用，無需更改。
可在我的站點上下載/查看： _vimrc, _vimrc.txt, _vimrc.html
http://linxiao.li.googlepages.com/vim
http://www.leal.cn
使用前需要先下載一些 scripts， 見 _vimrc 或 plugin_list.txt, plugin_list.html
同上網址。
使用前先查看 vimrc 的使用說明。
Good Luck！
附 _vimrc
"=====================================================================================
" Description: My daily vimrc with dozens of plugins.
" Originally derived from MetaCosm's http://vi-improved.org/vimrc.php
" Last Change: 0 14/05/2006 20:54:07 Leal@RAINT:_vimrc
"
" Author: Leal <linxiao.li AT gmail DOT com>
" http://www.leal.cn
" Version: 1.0065
"
" Usage: 1. Prepare necessary dirs and files
" $VIMDATA X:/Vim/vimdata on Win, ~/vimdata on Linux
" |
" |-- temp to put swap files <DIR>
" |-- backup to put backup files <DIR>
" |-- diary to save calendar.vim's diaries <DIR>
" |-- GetLatest to save GetLatestVimScripts.vim's <DIR>
" | |
" | `-- GetLatestVimScripts.dat to store GLVS's items
" |
" |-- _vim_fav_files to store favmenu.vim's items
" `-- _vim_mru_files to store mru.vim's items
"
" 2. Get all scripts you favor on www.vim.org better with GLVS
"
" 3. Get all needed utilities, especially on Windows, e.g.
" wget -- WGET for Windows (win32) http://users.ugent.be/~bpuype/wget/
" ctags -- Exuberant Ctags http://ctags.sf.net/
"
" 4. If you have no idea of some option, just press K (<S-k>) on it.
"
" 5. HTML file is produced with :TOhtml, with colo default.
"
"=====================================================================================
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" TODO List
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" 1. Install Chinese Vim help helplang -> cn
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" general
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set nocompatible " use vim as vim, should be put at the very start
set history=1000 " lines of Ex-mode commands, search history
set browsedir=buffer " use directory of the related buffer for file browser
set clipboard+=unnamed " use clipboard register '*' for all y, d, c, p ops
set viminfo+=! " make sure it can save viminfo
set isk+=$,%,#,- " none of these should be word dividers
set confirm " raise a dialog confirm whether to save changed buffer
set ffs=unix,dos,mac " favor unix ff, which behaves good under bot Winz & Linux
set fenc=utf-8 " default fileencoding
set fencs=utf-8,ucs-bom,euc-jp,gb18030,gbk,gb2312,cp936
map Q gq
" don't use Ex-mode, use Q for formatting
filetype on " enable file type detection
filetype plugin on " enable loading the plugin for appropriate file type
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" platform dependent
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if has("win32")
let $VIMDATA = $VIM.'/vimdata'
let $VIMFILES = $VIM.'/vimfiles'
let PYTHON_BIN_PATH = 'd:/foo/python/python.exe' " ensure the path right
else
let $VIMDATA = $HOME.'/vimdata'
let $VIMFILES = $HOME.'/.vim'
let PYTHON_BIN_PATH = '/usr/bin/python'
set guifont=courier/ 10
endif
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" path/backup
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set backup " make backup file and leave it around
set backupdir=$VIMDATA/backup " where to put backup file
set directory=$VIMDATA/temp " where to put swap file
set runtimepath+=$VIMDATA " add this path to rtp, support GetLatestVimScripts.vim
set path=.,/usr/include/*,, " where gf, ^Wf, :find will search
set tags=./tags,tags,$VIMRUNTIME/doc/tags,$VIMFILES/doc/tags " tags files CTRL-] uses
set makeef=error.err " the errorfile for :make and :grep
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" colors
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set background=dark " use a dark background
syntax on " syntax highlighting
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" gui-only settings
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if has("gui_running")
colo inkpot " colorscheme, inkpot.vim
set lines=40 " window tall and wide, only if gui_running,
set columns=120 " or vim under console behaves badly
endif
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Vim UI
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set linespace=1 " space it out a little more (easier to read)
set wildmenu " type :h and press <Tab> to look what happens
set ruler " always show current position along the bottom
set cmdheight=2 " use 2 screen lines for command-line
set lazyredraw " do not redraw while executing macros (much faster)
set nonumber " don't print line number
set hid " allow to change buffer without saving
set backspace=2 " make backspace work normal
set whichwrap+=<,>,h,l " allow backspace and cursor keys to wrap
set mouse=a " use mouse in all modes
set shortmess=atI " shorten messages to avoid 'press a key' prompt
set report=0 " tell us when anything is changed via :...
set fillchars=vert:/ ,stl:/ ,stlnc:/
" make the splitters between windows be blank
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" visual cues
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set showmatch " show matching paren
set matchtime=5 " 1/10 second to show the matching paren
set nohlsearch " do not highlight searched for phrases
set incsearch " BUT do highlight where the so far typed pattern matches
set scrolloff=10 " minimal number of screen lines to keep above/below the cursor
set novisualbell " use visual bell instead of beeping
set noerrorbells " do not make noise
set laststatus=2 " always show the status line
set listchars=tab:/|/ ,trail:.,extends:>,precedes:<,eol:$ " what to show while :set list
set statusline=%{VimBuddy()}/ %F%m%r%h%w/ [%{&ff}]/ [%Y]/ [/%03.3b/ /%02.2B]/ [%02v/ %03l/ %L/ %p%%]
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" text formatting/layout
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set ai " autoindent
set si " smartindent
set cindent " do C-style indenting
set fo=tcrqn " see help (complex)
set tabstop=4 " tab spacing (settings below are just to unify it)
set softtabstop=4 " unify
set shiftwidth=4 " unify
set noexpandtab " real tabs please!
set smarttab " use tabs at the start of a line, spaces elsewhere
set nowrap " do not wrap lines
set formatoptions+=mM " so that vim can reformat multibyte text (e.g. Chinese)
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" folding
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
set foldenable " turn on folding
set foldmethod=indent " make folding indent sensitive
set foldlevel=100 " don't autofold anything (but I can still fold manually)
set foldopen -=search " don't open folds when you search into them
set foldopen -=undo " don't open folds when you undo stuff
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - a.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" alternate files quickly (.c --> .h etc)
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - c.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"set makeprg=g++/ %
let g:C_AuthorName = 'Leal'
let g:C_Email = 'linxiao.li NOSPAM gmail DOT com'
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - runscript.vim (for Python)
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"let PYTHON_BIN_PATH = ...
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - calendar.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let g:calendar_diary = $VIMDATA.'/diary' " where to store your diary
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - mru.vim (most recently used files)
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let MRU_File = $VIMDATA.'/_vim_mru_files' " which file to save mru entries
let MRU_Max_Entries = 20 " max mru entries in _vim_mru_files
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - favmenu.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let FAV_File = $VIMDATA.'/_vim_fav_files' " which file to save favorite entries
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - minibufexpl.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let g:miniBufExplTabWrap = 1 " make tabs show complete (no broken on two lines)
let g:miniBufExplModSelTarget = 1
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - taglist.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if has("win32")
let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = $VIMFILES.'/ctags.exe' " location of ctags tool
else
let Tlist_Ctags_Cmd = '/usr/local/bin/ctags'
endif
let Tlist_Sort_Type = "name" " order by
let Tlist_Use_Right_Window = 1 " split to the right side of the screen
let Tlist_Compart_Format = 1 " show small meny
let Tlist_Exist_OnlyWindow = 1 " if you are the last, kill yourself
let Tlist_File_Fold_Auto_Close = 0 " do not close tags for other files
let Tlist_Enable_Fold_Column = 0 " do not show folding tree
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - matchit.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let b:match_ignorecase = 1
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - supertab.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" <Tab> has been mapped to SuperTab() func in that plugin
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - timestamp.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let g:timestamp_regexp = '/v/C%(<Last %([cC]hanged?|[Mm]odified):/s+)@<=.*$'
let g:timestamp_rep = '%w %d/%m/%Y %H:%M:%S #u@#h:#f'
augroup TimeStampHtml
au filetype html let b:timestamp_regexp = '/v/C%(/<!-- Timestamp:/s{-1,})@<=.{-}%(/s*--/>)@='
au filetype html let b:timestamp_rep = '%a %d/%m/%Y %r #u@#h:#f'
augroup END
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" plugin - perl-support.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let g:Perl_AuthorName = 'Leal'
let g:Perl_Email = 'linxiao.li NOSPAM gmail DOT com'
let tlist_perl_settings = 'perl;c:constants;l:labels;s:subroutines;d:POD'
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" utilities
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" select range, then hit :SuperRetab($width) - by p0g and FallingCow
fu! SuperRetab(width) range
sil! exe a:firstline . ',' . a:lastline . 's//v%(^ *)@<= {'. a:width .'}//t/g'
endf
" bind :CD to :cd %:h, then change cwd to the dir that includes current file
sil! com -nargs=0 CD exe 'cd %:h'
"TODO just do it
fu! AddLineNo(isVM)
if(a:isVM == 1)
sil! exe 's/^//=' . strpart((line('.')-line("'<")+1)." ", 0, 4)
else
sil! exe '%s/^//=' . strpart(line('.')." ", 0, 4)
endif
endf
" add line number befor each line of the text
" :g/^/exec "s/^/".strpart(line(".")." ", 0, 4)
" :%s/^//=strpart(line('.')." ", 0, 4)
" visual mode
" :s/^//=strpart((line('.')-line("'<")+1)." ", 0, 4)
" XML support, e.g. element,,,<CR> -> <element> </element>
" Bart van Deenen , www.vandeenensupport.com
fu! MakeElement()
if match(getline('.'),'^/s*>/s*$') == -1
"the deleted word was not alone on the line
let @w = "i<pla</pa>F<i"
else
"the deleted word was on it's own on the line
let @w = "i<po</pa>kA"
endif
endf
" include colon(5Cool for namespaces in xsl for instance
"setlocal iskeyword=@,48-57,_,192-255,58
inoremap <buffer> ,,, ><Esc>db:call MakeElement()<enter>@w
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" mappings
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
map <right> <ESC>:MBEbn<RETURN>
" -> switches buffers
map <left> <ESC>:MBEbp<RETURN>
" <- switches buffers
map <up> <ESC>:Sex<RETURN><ESC><C-W><C-W>
" up arrow to bring up a file explorer
map <down> <ESC>:Tlist<RETURN>
" down arrow to bring up the taglist
map <A-i> i <ESC>r
" Alt-i inserts a single char, and back to normal
map <F3> <ESC>ggVG:call SuperRetab()<left>
map <F4> ggVGg?
" Rot13 encode the current file
"noremap <silent> <C-F11> :cal VimCommanderToggle()<CR>
" plugin - php_console.vim
"map <F5> :call ParsePhpFile()<cr> " call function in normal mode
"imap <F5> <ESC>:call ParsePhpFile()<cr> " call function in insert mode
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" autocommands
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
au BufEnter * :syntax sync fromstart " ensure every file does syntax highlighting (full)
au BufNewFile,BufRead *.asp :set ft=jscript " all my .asp files ARE jscript
au BufNewFile,BufRead *.tpl :set ft=html " all my .tpl files ARE html
" ftplugin - python_fold - $VIMFILES/ftplugin/python_fold.vim
" add names in pydiction to autocomplete class or object's class, attribute or method
au FileType python set complete+=k$VIMFILES/dict/pydiction isk+=.,(
"au FileType python pyfile $VIMFILES/plugin/pyCallTips.py
au FileType python source $VIMFILES/plugin/python.vim
"au FileType java source $VIMFILES/ftplugin/JavaRun.vim
"au FileType php set complete+=k$VIMFILES/dict/php.dict isk+=.,(
au FileType text setlocal textwidth=78
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" highlight active line in normal mode, Vim7 don't need this
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"highlight CurrentLine guibg=darkgrey guifg=white ctermbg=darkgrey ctermfg=white
"au! Cursorhold * exe 'match CurrentLine //%' . line('.') . 'l.*/'
"set ut=19
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" stuffs I don't like
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"set ignorecase -- turns out, I like case sensitivity
"set list -- turns out, do not display unprintable characters such as Tab
"autocmd GUIEnter * :simalt ~x -- having it auto maximize the screen is annoying
"autocmd BufEnter * :lcd %:p:h -- switch to current dir (breaks some scripts)
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" useful abbrevs
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
iab xasp <%@language=jscript%><CR><%<CR><TAB><CR><BS>%><ESC><<O<TAB>
iab xdate <c-r>=strftime("%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S")<cr>
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" customize cursor color to indicate IM is on
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
if has('multi_byte_ime')
hi Cursor guifg=NONE guibg=Green
hi CursorIM guifg=NONE guibg=Blue
endif
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" TVO defaults - otl.vim
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let otl_install_menu =1
let no_otl_maps =0
let no_otl_insert_maps =0
let otl_bold_headers =0
let otl_use_thlnk =0
let g:otl_use_viki =0
let maplocalleader =","
map <c-w><c-f> :FirstExplorerWindow<cr>
map <c-w><c-b> :BottomExplorerWindow<cr>
map <c-w><c-t> :WMToggle<cr>
let g:winManagerWidth = 35
let g:winManagerWindowLayout = 'TodoList'
let g:tskelDir = $VIMFILES."/skeletons"
"-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" vim: set et ft=vim tw=98 path+=$VIMFILES/*:
本文來自CSDN博客，轉載請標明出處：http://blog.csdn.net/bat603/archive/2007/01/08/1477511.aspx