Android Https请求的简单使用(Volley Https请求的示例)

导语

  1. 官方文档:https://developer.android.com/training/articles/security-ssl.html#CommonProblems

  2. Https使用了数字签名,对于数字签名的理解,阮一峰翻译一篇关于这方面很好的文章

  3. 数字签名一般会使用RSA算法,对于RSA算法的理解,阮一峰也提供两篇生动的文章来说明:

    如果看到一大段数学公式就不想往下看的同学,我这里给个简化版的:

    将两个大质数相乘十分容易,但是想要对其乘积进行因式分解极其困难文章中给出了的例子:

    1230186684530117755130494958384962720772853569595334
    7921973224521517264005072636575187452021997864693899
    5647494277406384592519255732630345373154826850791702
    6122142913461670429214311602221240479274737794080665
    351419597459856902143413
    分解成两个质数的乘积,因为现在的方法只能暴力破解,以目前电子计算机的运算速率来看,即使破解了,也会耗费相当长的时间,导致破解行为本身没有什么意义

一般网站的链接

google给的示例代码有些过于简单,我添加了一些东西,复制粘贴就可以运行:

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    URL url = new URL("https://wikipedia.org");
                    URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();
                    InputStream in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
                    printInputStream(in);
                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }

    private void printInputStream(InputStream is){
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        String line = null;
        try {
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line + "\n");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        String rs = sb.toString();
        Log.e("inputSteam",rs);
    }
}

正常访问,结果为:
点击这里查看大图
这里写图片描述

有数字签名的网站

不做任何处理

将上面代码的第11行的网址改为:https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/
运行的结果会报错:
点击这里查看大图
这里写图片描述

官方给的处理

这里同样处理一下细节,复制可以直接运行

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private final String load = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
            "MIIEBzCCA3CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgT\n" +
            "AldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNVBAsTC1VXIFNlcnZp\n" +
            "Y2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYXaGVscEBjYWMud2Fz\n" +
            "aGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwHhcNMDMwMjI1MTgyNTA5WhcNMzAwOTAzMTgyNTA5WjCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMC\n" +
            "VVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNV\n" +
            "BAsTC1VXIFNlcnZpY2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYX\n" +
            "aGVscEBjYWMud2FzaGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALwCo6h4\n" +
            "T44m+7ve+BrnEqflqBISFaZTXyJTjIVQ39ZWhE0B3LafbbZYju0imlQLG+MEVAtNDdiYICcBcKsa\n" +
            "pr2dxOi31Nv0moCkOj7iQueMVU4E1TghYIR2I8hqixFCQIP/CMtSDail/POzFzzdVxI1pv2wRc5c\n" +
            "L6zNwV25gbn3AgMBAAGjggFlMIIBYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXQwgcEG\n" +
            "A1UdIwSBuTCBtoAUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXShgZqkgZcwgZQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n" +
            "CQYDVQQIEwJXQTEhMB8GA1UEChMYVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtV\n" +
            "VyBTZXJ2aWNlczEXMBUGA1UEAxMOVVcgU2VydmljZXMgQ0ExJjAkBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWF2hlbHBA\n" +
            "Y2FjLndhc2hpbmd0b24uZWR1ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wKwYDVR0RBCQwIoYgaHR0cDovL2Nl\n" +
            "cnRzLmNhYy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS8wQQYDVR0fBDowODA2oDSgMoYwaHR0cDovL2NlcnRzLmNh\n" +
            "Yy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS9VV1NlcnZpY2VzQ0EuY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAIn0PNmI\n" +
            "JjT9bM5d++BtQ5UpccUBI9XVh1sCX/NdxPDZ0pPCw7HOOwILumpulT9hGZm9Rd+W4GnNDAMV40we\n" +
            "s8REptvOZObBBrjaaphDe1D/MwnrQythmoNKc33bFg9RotHrIfT4EskaIXSx0PywbyfIR1wWxMpr\n" +
            "8gbCjAEUHNF/\n" +
            "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                super.run();
                URL url = null;
                HttpsURLConnection urlConnection = null;
                InputStream in = null;
                try {
                    //1.生成证书:Certificate
                    CertificateFactory cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
                    InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(load.getBytes());
                    Certificate ca = null;
                    try {
                        ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
                        System.out.println("ca=" + ((X509Certificate) ca).getSubjectDN());
                    } catch (CertificateException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    } finally {
                        caInput.close();
                    }

                    //2.初始化公钥:keyStore
                    String keyStoreType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
                    KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyStoreType);
                    keyStore.load(null, null);
                    keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);

                    //3.初始化TrustManagerFactory
                    String tmfAlgorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
                    TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(tmfAlgorithm);
                    tmf.init(keyStore);

                    //4.初始化sslContext
                    SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
                    context.init(null, tmf.getTrustManagers(), null);

                    //5.建立Https链接
                    url = new URL("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/");
                    //注意,这里是HttpsURLConnection
                    urlConnection = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
                    urlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory(context.getSocketFactory());
                    in = urlConnection.getInputStream();
                } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (CertificateException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                copyInputStreamToOutputStream(in);
            }
        }.start();
    }

    private void copyInputStreamToOutputStream(InputStream is) {
        if (is == null)
            return;
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        String line = null;
        try {
            while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
                sb.append(line + "\n");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            try {
                is.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        Log.e("inputstrem", sb.toString());
    }
}

运行结果:
点击这里查看大图
这里写图片描述

第二行的load的由来

  1. 下载load-der.crt
  2. 在cmd中输入命令:keytool -printcert -rfc -file 文件地址

点击这里查看大图
这里写图片描述

实现的流程也很简单:

Created with Raphaël 2.1.0开始生成证书:Certificate初始化公钥:keyStore初始化TrustManagerFactory初始化sslContext建立Https链接后续的处理

Volley的示例

在实际开发中,我们使用网络框架来进行网络中的交互,所以上面的代码肯定是用不到的;现在通用的网络请求框架,都给HTTPS请求留出了空间来实现,下面以Volley为例:

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private final String load = "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n" +
            "MIIEBzCCA3CgAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQQFADCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMxCzAJBgNVBAgT\n" +
            "AldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNVBAsTC1VXIFNlcnZp\n" +
            "Y2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYXaGVscEBjYWMud2Fz\n" +
            "aGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwHhcNMDMwMjI1MTgyNTA5WhcNMzAwOTAzMTgyNTA5WjCBlDELMAkGA1UEBhMC\n" +
            "VVMxCzAJBgNVBAgTAldBMSEwHwYDVQQKExhVbml2ZXJzaXR5IG9mIFdhc2hpbmd0b24xFDASBgNV\n" +
            "BAsTC1VXIFNlcnZpY2VzMRcwFQYDVQQDEw5VVyBTZXJ2aWNlcyBDQTEmMCQGCSqGSIb3DQEJARYX\n" +
            "aGVscEBjYWMud2FzaGluZ3Rvbi5lZHUwgZ8wDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBALwCo6h4\n" +
            "T44m+7ve+BrnEqflqBISFaZTXyJTjIVQ39ZWhE0B3LafbbZYju0imlQLG+MEVAtNDdiYICcBcKsa\n" +
            "pr2dxOi31Nv0moCkOj7iQueMVU4E1TghYIR2I8hqixFCQIP/CMtSDail/POzFzzdVxI1pv2wRc5c\n" +
            "L6zNwV25gbn3AgMBAAGjggFlMIIBYTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXQwgcEG\n" +
            "A1UdIwSBuTCBtoAUVdfBM8b6k/gnPcsgS/VajliXfXShgZqkgZcwgZQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMQsw\n" +
            "CQYDVQQIEwJXQTEhMB8GA1UEChMYVW5pdmVyc2l0eSBvZiBXYXNoaW5ndG9uMRQwEgYDVQQLEwtV\n" +
            "VyBTZXJ2aWNlczEXMBUGA1UEAxMOVVcgU2VydmljZXMgQ0ExJjAkBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWF2hlbHBA\n" +
            "Y2FjLndhc2hpbmd0b24uZWR1ggEAMAwGA1UdEwQFMAMBAf8wKwYDVR0RBCQwIoYgaHR0cDovL2Nl\n" +
            "cnRzLmNhYy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS8wQQYDVR0fBDowODA2oDSgMoYwaHR0cDovL2NlcnRzLmNh\n" +
            "Yy53YXNoaW5ndG9uLmVkdS9VV1NlcnZpY2VzQ0EuY3JsMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAA4GBAIn0PNmI\n" +
            "JjT9bM5d++BtQ5UpccUBI9XVh1sCX/NdxPDZ0pPCw7HOOwILumpulT9hGZm9Rd+W4GnNDAMV40we\n" +
            "s8REptvOZObBBrjaaphDe1D/MwnrQythmoNKc33bFg9RotHrIfT4EskaIXSx0PywbyfIR1wWxMpr\n" +
            "8gbCjAEUHNF/\n" +
            "-----END CERTIFICATE-----";

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        //生成SSLSocketFactory
        SSLSocketFactory sslSocketFactory = initSSLSocketFactory();

        //HurlStack两个参数默认都是null,如果传入SSLSocketFactory,那么会以Https的方式来请求网络
        HurlStack stack = new HurlStack(null, sslSocketFactory);

        //通常,我们调用的是Volley.newRequestQueue(context),HurlStack为默认的,也就是不处理Https的情况
        //现在传入处理Https的HurlStack,Volley就会去处理相应的请求
        RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newRequestQueue(this, stack);

        //去访问网络
        StringRequest request = new StringRequest("https://certs.cac.washington.edu/CAtest/",
                new Response.Listener<String>() {
                    @Override
                    public void onResponse(String response) {
                        Log.e("onResponse", response);
                    }
                }, new Response.ErrorListener() {
            @Override
            public void onErrorResponse(VolleyError error) {
                Log.e("error", error.getMessage());
            }
        });
        requestQueue.add(request);
    }

    /**
     * 生成SSLSocketFactory
     * 这里的代码与之前相比,没有什么不同
     *
     * @return
     */
    private SSLSocketFactory initSSLSocketFactory() {
        //生成证书:Certificate
        CertificateFactory cf = null;
        SSLSocketFactory factory = null;
        try {
            cf = CertificateFactory.getInstance("X.509");
            InputStream caInput = new ByteArrayInputStream(load.getBytes());
            Certificate ca = null;
            try {
                ca = cf.generateCertificate(caInput);
            } finally {
                try {
                    caInput.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }

            //初始化公钥:keyStore
            String keyType = KeyStore.getDefaultType();
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(keyType);
            keyStore.load(null, null);
            keyStore.setCertificateEntry("ca", ca);

            //初始化TrustManagerFactory
            String algorithm = TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm();
            TrustManagerFactory managerFactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(algorithm);
            managerFactory.init(keyStore);

            //初始化sslContext
            SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
            sslContext.init(null, managerFactory.getTrustManagers(), null);
            factory = sslContext.getSocketFactory();

        } catch (CertificateException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return factory;
    }
}

结果展示:
点击这里查看大图
这里写图片描述

示例代码很简单,如果有需要,在项目里稍微写写代码,就可以集成进去。
成熟网络请求框架都给使用者留出了传递“SSLSocketFactory ”的入口,仔细阅读下网络请求框架初始化的代码,就可以找对应的地方。

结语

HTTPS认证貌似要花不少的银子,一般各位也不会用到,如果要使用HTTPS,可以参考下上面的示例代码。另外,开头推荐阮一峰的几篇文章,希望各位看官查阅。

转载请标明出处http://blog.csdn.net/qq_26411333/article/details/52056809

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