std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio

std::ios_base::sync_with_stdio
C++ Input/output library std::ios_base
static bool sync_with_stdio( bool sync = true );
Sets whether the standard C++ streams are synchronized to the standard C streams after each input/output operation.

The standard C++ streams are the following: std::cin, std::cout, std::cerr, std::clog, std::wcin, std::wcout, std::wcerr and std::wclog

The standard C streams are the following: stdin, stdout and stderr

For a standard stream str, synchronized with the C stream f, the following pairs of functions have identical effect:

1) std::fputc(f, c) and str.rdbuf()->sputc(c)
2) std::fgetc(f) and str.rdbuf()->sbumpc()
3) std::ungetc(c, f) and str.rdbuf()->sputbackc(c)
In practice, this means that the synchronized C++ streams are unbuffered, and each I/O operation on a C++ stream is immediately applied to the corresponding C stream’s buffer. This makes it possible to freely mix C++ and C I/O.

In addition, synchronized C++ streams are guaranteed to be thread-safe (individual characters output from multiple threads may interleave, but no data races occur)

If the synchronization is turned off, the C++ standard streams are allowed to buffer their I/O independently, which may be considerably faster in some cases.

By default, all eight standard C++ streams are synchronized with their respective C streams.

If this function is called after I/O has occurred on the standard stream, the behavior is implementation-defined: implementations range from no effect to destroying the read buffer.

Parameters
sync - the new synchronization setting
Return value
synchronization state before the call to the function

Example
Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdio>

int main()
{
    std::ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    std::cout << "a\n";
    std::printf("b\n");
    std::cout << "c\n";
}

Possible output:

b
a
c
轉：https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/io/ios_base/sync_with_stdio