Handler学习笔记

Handler相关知识梳理

1、为什么要使用Handler?

因为Android系统只能在主线更新UI,而我们的数据操作经常是由子线程来完成的。为什么子线程不能更新UI?因为如果多线程操作UI会导致UI处于不可预知的状态;那可不可以用加锁的方式来解决这个问题呢?加锁会让访问UI的逻辑变得很复杂,而且会降低访问效率。

2、Handler消息机制原理

在程序中,我们一般的做法是调用Handler.SendMessage等方法来发送消息,最终会调用Handler.SendMessageAtTime方法将消息插入到消息队列MessageQueue中

public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    MessageQueue queue = mQueue;//消息队列,以单链表的形式保存
    if (queue == null) {
        RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
        Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
        return false;
    }
    return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
    msg.target = this;//此处的target即为Handler
    if (mAsynchronous) {
        msg.setAsynchronous(true);
    }
    return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}

在MessageQueue.enqueueMessage方法中,会根据消息要发送的时间来插入

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
    synchronized (this) {
        msg.markInUse();
        msg.when = when;
        Message p = mMessages;
        boolean needWake;
        if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
            // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
            msg.next = p;
            mMessages = msg;
            needWake = mBlocked;
        } else {
            needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
            Message prev;
            for (;;) {
                prev = p;
                p = p.next;
                if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                    break;
                }
                if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                    needWake = false;
                }
            }
            msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
            prev.next = msg;
        }

        // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
        if (needWake) {
            nativeWake(mPtr);
        }
    }
    return true;
}

Looper是消息机制中非常重要的一个东西,主线程会调用Looper.loop方法一直轮询,发现有消息就将消息转发给Handler
那么主线程的Looper是怎么创建的呢?
在应用程序启动的过程中,会创建一个主线程,ActivityThread,看它的main方法(应用程序的真正入口)

public static void More ...main(String[] args) {    //只贴了相关的代码

    Looper.prepareMainLooper();//为主线程创建了Looper
    ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
    thread.attach(false);
    if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler =thread.getHandler();//主线程的Handler
    }
    Looper.loop();//进入消息循环

}

重点来看Looper.loop()方法:

public static void loop() {
    final Looper me = myLooper();//调用了sThreadLocal.get()来获取当前线程的looper,ThreadLocal以UI线程为KEY,以Looper为值这样就把一个线程和一个looper关联起来了
    if (me == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
    }
    final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

    for (;;) {//死循环,会一直轮询接收消息
        Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
        if (msg == null) {
            // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
            return;
        }

        // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
        Printer logging = me.mLogging;
        if (logging != null) {
            logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                    msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
        }

        msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);//此处即通过Message中保存的Handler对象来发送消息

        ```
    }
}

再回到Handler的dispatchMessage:

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
    if (msg.callback != null) {
        handleCallback(msg);
    } else {
        if (mCallback != null) {
            if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                return;
            }
        }
        handleMessage(msg);
    }
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
}

可以看到,最终调用的handleMessage方法是一个空方法,也就是我们在new一个handler时重写的方法

我们再来看看Looper的构造方法:

private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
    mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
    mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}

可以看到,在Looper的构造方法中,new了一个消息队列

而在我们的Handler的构造方法中:

public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {

    mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
    if (mLooper == null) {
        throw new RuntimeException(
            "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
    }
    mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
    mCallback = callback;
    mAsynchronous = async;
}

所以,通过Handler发送的消息,插入的消息队列是Looper new出来的

3、图解

这里写图片描述

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