Unit 2
1. Jefferson believedthat a free man obtains knowledge from many sources besides books and thatpersonal investigation is important.
傑佛遜認爲，一個自由的人除了從書本中獲取知識外，還可以從許多別的來源獲得知識，
2. Yet, in a day when few noble persons ever spoke tothose of humble origins except to give an order, Jeffersonwent out of his way to talk with gardeners, servants and waiters.
然而，在那個貴人們除了發號施令以外很少跟出身低下的人說話的年代， 傑佛遜卻常常破例跟園丁和僕人交談。
3. “ Neitherbelieve nor reject anything, “ he wrote to his nephew, “ because any otherperson has rejected or believed it.
他在給侄子的信中寫道：“不要因爲別人相信或拒絕了什麼東西，你也就去相信它或拒絕它。
4. Were it left to me to decided whether we should havea government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I shouldnot hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”
假如讓我來決定，我們是應該有一個政府而不要報紙呢還是應該有報紙而不要政府，我會毫不猶豫地選擇後者。
5. In a freecountry there will always be conflicting ideas, and this is a source ofstrength. 在一個自由的國家裏總會有各種相互衝突的思想而這正是力量的源泉。
6. It is conflict and notunquestioning agreement that keeps freedom alive.
使自由保持活力的是衝突而不是絕對的一致。
7.“ How much pain, “ he remarked, “ has been caused by evils which havenever happened ! “
他評論說：“有多少痛苦是由一些從未發生過的災難引起的啊！”
8. American education owes a greatdebt to Thomas Jefferson, who believed that only a nation of educated peoplecould remain free.
托馬斯.傑佛遜對美國的教育事業作出了巨大貢獻，他認爲，只有受過教育的人民組成的國家才能保持自由。
9. Jefferson felt that the present should never be chained to customs which havelost their usefulness.
傑佛遜認爲，絕不可以用那些已經無用的習俗來束縛住“現在“的手腳。
Unit 3
1. While I was waiting to enteruniversity, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a schoolin a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived.
在我等待進大學期間，我在一份地方報紙上看到一則廣告，說是在離我住處大約十英里的倫敦某郊區，有所學校要招聘一名教師。
2. Being very short of money andwanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without adegree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job wereslim.
我因爲手頭很拮据，同時也想幹點有用的事，於是便提出了申請，但是在提出申請的同時我也擔心，自己一無學位，二無教學經驗，得到這份工作的可能性是微乎其微的。
3. He looked at me with an air ofsurprised disapproval, as a colonel might look at a private whose bootlaceswere undone.
他帶着一種吃驚的，不以爲然的神態看着我，就像一位上校看着一名沒繫好鞋帶的二等兵一樣。
4. I mumbled something about notattaching too much importance to games.
我含含糊糊地說了些不必太重視遊戲之類的話。
5. The school, he said, consistedof one class of twenty-four boys, ranging in age from seven to thirteen.
他說，學校只有一個班，二十四名男生，年齡從七歲到十三歲不等。
6. This was the last straw. I wasvery young: the prospect of working under a woman constituted the ultimateindignity.
我再也無法忍受了。我當時很年輕：在一個女人手下工作的前景構成了最大的侮辱。
Unit 4
1. When my turn came, I displayedmy few tricks and pointed out to him that the incorrectly looped string hadthrown the toy off balance.
輪到我時，我露了幾手並向他指出，繞錯的線圈使玩具失去了平衡。
2. As a boy and then as an adult, I never lost mywonder at the personality that was Einstein.
作爲一個孩子，以後又作爲一個成人，我一直對愛因斯坦的個性驚歎不已。
3. He was the only person I knewwho had come to terms with himself and the world around him.
他是我所認識的人中唯一能夠跟自己及周圍世界達成妥協的人。
4. He knew what he wanted and hewanted only this : to understand within his limits as a human being the natureof the universe and the logic and simplicity in its functioning.
他知道自己想要什麼，而他想要的只是：在他作爲一個人的能力範圍之內理解宇宙的性質以及宇宙運行的邏輯和單純。
5. In the 23 years of ourfriendship, I never saw him show jealousy, vanity, bitterness, anger,resentment, or personal ambition.
在我們二十三年的友誼中，我從未見他表現出妒忌、虛榮、痛苦、憤怒、怨恨或個人野心。
6. He believed in simplicity, somuch so that he used only a safety razor and water to shave.
他信奉簡樸，甚至於只用一把安全剃刀和清水刮鬍子。
7. He pursued various theories forseveral days until I suggested we take the toy apart to see how it did work.
他連續幾天試着用各種理論來加以解釋，後來我建議把玩具拆開來看看他是怎樣運轉的。
8. His quick expression ofdisapproval told me he did not agree with this practical approach.
他迅速現出的不贊成的表情告訴我，他並不同意這種實際操作的做法。
9. He had developed theories thatwere profound and capable of exciting relatively few scientists.
他提出的理論都是非常深奧，只能使比較少的科學家感到興趣的理論。
10. Another puzzle that Einsteincould never understand was his own fame.
愛因斯坦一直沒能理解的另一個迷是他自己的名望。
11. He never could understand whyhe received this attention, why he was singled out as something special.
他一直不能理解，爲什麼他會受到這種注意，爲什麼單單把他挑出來當作特殊人物對待。
Unit 5
1. Plants absorb carbon dioxideand convert it into their own tissue, which serve as the basic food supply forall of animal life (including human beings, of course).
植物吸收二氧化碳並將其轉化成他們自己的組織，充當所有動物（當然也包括人類）的基本食物供給。
2. In all likelihood, it willcontinue to rise and do so at a greater rate in the course of the next hundredyears.
它很可能繼續上升，而在今後數多年間，會以更快的速度上升
3. Not only will many cities bedrowned, but much of the most productive farming areas of the world will belost.
不僅許多城市將被淹沒，而且世界上大部分盛產糧食的地區也將會失去。
3. As the foodsupply drops, starvation will be widespread and the structure of society maycollapse under the pressure.
由於食品供應下降，到處都會出現饑荒，在這種壓力下社會結構有可能崩潰。
4. It begins with sunlight, towhich the various gases of the atmosphere ( including carbon dioxide ) aretransparent.
首先是太陽光，大氣層中的各種氣體（包括二氧化碳）對於太陽光來說是透明的。
5. Atnight, the Earth cools by radiating heat into space in the form of infraredradiation.
在夜間，地球將熱量以紅外線的形式放射到外層空間而冷卻下來。
5. However, the atmosphere is notquite as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible light.
然而，大氣層對紅外線來說並不像它對可見光那樣透明。
6. Less heat is lost at night, forthat reason, than would be lost if carbon dioxide were not present in theatmosphere.
因此，在夜間失去的熱量要比在大氣中沒有二氧化碳的情況下失去的要少。
7. Without the small quantity ofthat gas present, the Earth would be distinctly cooler, perhaps uncomfortablycool.
要是沒有少量的二氧化碳存在，地球就會明顯冷得多，說不定就冷得不舒服了。
8. We can be thankful that carbondioxide is keeping us comfortably warm, but the concentration of carbon dioxidein the atmosphere is going up steadily and that is where the villainy comes in.
我們該感到欣慰，二氧化碳給我們溫暖使我們舒舒服服，但是大氣中二氧化碳的濃度正在穩步上升，其惡跡也就由此而生。
9. The carbon contained in thesefuels, which has been safely buried underground for many millions of years, isnow being burned to carbon dioxide and poured into the atmosphere at a rate ofmany tons per day.
這些燃料中所含的碳，在過去數百萬年的歲月裏一直安全地埋在地下，而現在正被燒成二氧化碳，並以每天數噸的速率大量排放到大氣中。
10. Whatever replaces the forest--- grassland or farms or scrub --- produces plants that do not consume carbondioxide at an equal rate.
不管取代森林的是草地，農田，還是灌木叢，其生產的植物消耗二氧化碳的速率與森林是不相等的。
11. Thus , not only is more carbondioxide being added to the atmosphere through burning of fuel, but as theforests disappear, less carbon dioxide is being removed from the atmosphere byplants.
因此，不僅是通過燃料的燃燒使更多的二氧化碳被加到大氣中，而且，隨着森林的消失，植物從大氣中清除的二氧化碳也減少了。
Unit 6
1. When you can say to yourself, “There is no surgical patient I cannot treat competently, treat just as well asor better than any other surgeon” --- then, and not until then, you are indeeda surgeon.
當你能夠對自己說：“任何外科病人我都能勝任進行治療，我的治療跟其他外科醫生一樣高明，甚至比任何外科醫生都更爲高明”——那時，而且只有到了那時，你才真正成了一名外科醫生。
2. It was the only way I couldfind the peace of mind I needed to relax.
唯有這樣我才能找到安心休息所需要的內心平靜。
3. There were still situations inwhich I couldn’t be certain my decision had been the right one, but I hadlearned to accept this as a constant problem for a surgeon, one that couldnever be completely resolved --- and I could live with it.
在有些情況下我仍然不能確定自己的決定是否正確，但我已經學會把這看作一個外科醫生經常會遇到的問題，一個永遠無法解決的問題。---我已經能夠適應它了。
4. So，once I had made a considereddecision, I no longer dwelt on it.
所以，我一旦經過深思熟慮做出某個決定，就不再去多想它了。
5. Reviewing it wasn’t going tohelp and I knew that with my knowledge and experience, any decision I’d madewas going to be a sound one.
多想也不會有什麼幫助，而且我知道，憑我的知識和經驗，我做出的任何決定肯定都是穩妥的。
6. I knew I had the knowledge, theskill, the experience to handle any surgical situation I’d ever encounter inpractice.
我知道以自己的知識，技術和經驗足以對付我在行醫中將會碰到的任何外科病例。
7. There were no more butterfliesin my stomach when I opened up an abdomen or a chest.
當我切開病人的腹部或胸膛時，我不再緊張得瑟瑟發抖了。
8. I knew that even if the casewas one in which it was impossible to anticipate the problem in advance, Icould handle whatever I found.
我知道，即使碰上事先無法預見其問題所在的病例，我也能處置我發現的任何情況。
9. I knew that when I was out inpractice I would inevitably err at one time or another and operate on someonewho didn’t need surgery or sit on someone who did.
我知道在我出去開業行醫時，說不定什麼時候我就會不可避免的出錯，我會給不需要手術治療的病人開刀，也可能會把需要動手術的病人忽略過去。
10. I could accept this fact withcalmness because I knew that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances werethat no other surgeon could have, either.
我之所以能夠平靜地接受這一事實，是因爲我知道：如果我不能避免出差錯，那麼換了任何別的外科醫生很可能也不能避免。
11. He needs it to encourage him intrying moments when he’s bothered by the doubts and uncertainties that are partof the practice of medicine.
當他受到行醫中必定會遇到的重重疑慮的煎熬時，他需要“自負”來支撐自己度過這些難受的時刻。