#別名
ac = Add-Content
asnp = Add-PSSnapin
clc = Clear-Content
cli = Clear-Item
clp = Clear-ItemProperty
clv = Clear-Variable
cpi = Copy-Item
cpp = Copy-ItemProperty
cvpa = Convert-Path
diff = Compare-Object
epal = Export-Alias
epcsv = Export-Csv
fc = Format-Custom
fl = Format-List
foreach = ForEach-Object
% = ForEach-Object
ft = Format-Table
fw = Format-Wide
gal = Get-Alias
gc = Get-Content
gci = Get-ChildItem
gcm = Get-Command
gdr = Get-PSDrive
ghy = Get-History
gi = Get-Item
gl = Get-Location
gm = Get-Member
gp = Get-ItemProperty
gps = Get-Process
group = Group-Object
gsv = Get-Service
gsnp = Get-PSSnapin
gu = Get-Unique
gv = Get-Variable
gwmi = Get-WmiObject
iex = Invoke-Expression
ihy = Invoke-History
ii = Invoke-Item
ipal = Import-Alias
ipcsv = Import-Csv
mi = Move-Item
mp = Move-ItemProperty
nal = New-Alias
ndr = New-PSDrive
ni = New-Item
nv = New-Variable
oh = Out-Host
rdr = Remove-PSDrive
ri = Remove-Item
rni = Rename-Item
rnp = Rename-ItemProperty
rp = Remove-ItemProperty
rsnp = Remove-PSSnapin
rv = Remove-Variable
rvpa = Resolve-Path
sal = Set-Alias
sasv = Start-Service
sc = Set-Content
select = Select-Object
si = Set-Item
sl = Set-Location
sleep = Start-Sleep
sort = Sort-Object
sp = Set-ItemProperty
spps = Stop-Process
spsv = Stop-Service
sv = Set-Variable
tee = Tee-Object
where = Where-Object
? = Where-Object
write = Write-Output
cat = Get-Content
cd = Set-Location
clear = Clear-Host
cp = Copy-Item
h = Get-History
history = Get-History
kill = Stop-Process
lp = Out-Printer
ls = Get-ChildItem
mount = New-PSDrive
mv = Move-Item
popd = Pop-Location
ps = Get-Process
pushd = Push-Location
pwd = Get-Location
r = Invoke-History
rm = Remove-Item
rmdir = Remove-Item
echo = Write-Output
cls = Clear-Host
chdir = Set-Location
copy = Copy-Item
del = Remove-Item
dir = Get-ChildItem
erase = Remove-Item
move = Move-Item
rd = Remove-Item
ren = Rename-Item
set = Set-Variable
type = Get-Content
#PSDrive
alias
cert
env
function
hkcu
hklm
variable
#獲取幫助
help get*
help *process
help dir
help dir -full
help dir -detailed
help dir -example
dir -?
#轉義序列
`0 //空值
`a //Beep
`b //退格
`f //換頁
`n //新行
`r //回車
`t //製表符
`v //垂直引號
`` // "`"
#數字常量
1kb // 1024
1mb
1gb
1e3 // 1000
0xFFFF // 65535
#編輯腳本，推薦使用PrimalScript的最新版本，非常強大
#設置腳本安全策略
set-executionpolicy Restricted #默認
set-executionpolicy AllSigned #部署
set-executionpolicy RemoteSigned #開發
set-executionpolicy Unrestricted #不推薦
#執行腳本必須帶路徑
./myScript.ps1
#獲取基於用戶名和密碼的憑據對象
$cert = get-credential
#對腳本簽名
$cert = Get-PfxCertificate C:/Test/Mysign.pfx
Set-AuthenticodeSignature myScript.ps1 -cert $cert
#操作系統
gwmi win32_operatingsystem
#自動變量
$Args #傳遞進函數的參數
$_ #通過管道傳入的對象
$input #通過管道傳入的對象集合
$$ #前一命令行的最後一個標記
$? #上一命令的布爾狀態
$^ #前一命令行的第一個標記
$Matches #使用 –match 運算符找到的匹配項的哈希表
$Error[0] #前一次錯誤
$Home #用戶的主目錄
$Host #引用宿主 POWERSHELL 語言的應用程序
$LastExitCode #上一程序或腳本的退出代碼
$PSHome #Windows PowerShell 的安裝位置
$profile #標準配置文件（可能不存在）
$StackTrace #Windows PowerShell 捕獲的上一異常
#類型
空類型
[void]
數值類型
[byte] typeof(byte)
[decimal] typeof(decimal)
[double] typeof(double)
[float] typeof(float)
[int] typeof(int)
[long] typeof(long)
[single] typeof(float)
字符類型
[char] typeof(char)
[string] typeof(string)
布爾類型
[bool] typeof(bool)
集合類型
[array] typeof(System.Array)
typeof(System.Object[])
[hashtable] typeof(System.Collections.Hashtable)
其它
[psobject] typeof(System.Management.Automation.PSObject)
[ref] typeof(System.Management.Automation.PSReference)
[regex] typeof(System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex)
[scriptblock] typeof(System.Management.Automation.ScriptBlock)
[switch] typeof(System.Management.Automation.SwitchParameter)
[type] typeof(System.Type)
[wmi] typeof(System.Management.ManagementObject)
[wmiclass] typeof(System.Management.ManagementClass)
[wmisearcher] typeof(System.Management.ManagementObjectSearcher)
[xml] typeof(System.Xml.XmlDocument)
example:
#[void]
[void] $var #可以阻止$var輸出
#[xml]
$var = [xml] "onetwo3"
$var.top
$var.top.a
$var.top.a = "13"
#自定義函數
function writeln([string] $str) { echo $str }
function writeln([string] $str) { Begin {echo "Begin"} Process {echo $str} End {echo "End"} }
function writeln { param ([string] $str = $(throw "missing parameter")); echo $str }
${function:writeln} = { param ([string] $str = $(throw "missing parameter")); echo $str }
#文本文件讀寫
${C:/test.txt} = "Hello`r`n"
${C:/test.txt} += "-----------------"
$Line1 = ${C:/test.txt}[0]
# $null
$var = $null #刪除$var
dir > $null
$null = dir
#Invoke
$method = "ToUpper"
"abc".$method.Invoke()
#布爾值
$true
$false
#where, select等的用法
cd c:/
dir | where {$_.Name -eq "WINDOWS"} | select Length,Name
dir | ? {$_.Name -eq "WINDOWS"}
# 列出字符串對象"str"的所有屬性與方法
"str" | gm
#強制類型變量
[Boolean] $condition = 0
[string] $str = "hello"
#數組
$array = 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8
$array = @(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8)
$array[-1] #最後一個元素
$array[0..4]
$array[-1..-8] #倒序
#哈希表
$hash = @{"Name"="Icebird"; "Job"="Engineer"}
#如何取得文本的行數
(type C:/test.txt | measure-object).Count
#從控制檯讀取一行輸入
$var = Read-Host
#獲取環境變量
$path = $env:Path
#讀取註冊表
$a = (gp "hklm://Software/Microsoft/Windows/CurrentVersion").ProductId
#比較和運算
-like "file.doc" -like "file.*"
-notlike
-contains 1,2,3 -contains 1
-notcontains
----------------------------------
-eq = (忽略大小寫)
-ieq = (忽略大小寫)
-ceq = (不忽略大小寫)
-ne !=
-gt >
-lt <
-ge >=
-le <=
以上操作符也可用於對數組操作：1,2,3,5,3,2 -lt 3
----------------------------------
-and
-or
-not
! 等價於-not
-xor
% 模運算
* 可用於字符串重複: "-" * 80
#位操作
-band
-bor
-bnot
-bxor
#特殊操作
$a = "Hat"
$a -replace "a","o"
$a -is [string]
$a = 1 -as [string]
$b = @(1..5)
"{0:d}" -f (get-date)
"{0:yyyy-MM-dd}" -f (get-date)
#格式化
$a = 123456789.456789
$a.ToString("F4")
"{0:F4}" -f $a
"{0,-20:F4}{1}" -f $a,0
"{0,20:F4}" -f $a
"{0:x}" -f 100000
"{0:X}" -f 100000
#正則表達式
$regex = [regex]"He"
$str = "Hello, Hello"
$isMatch = $str -match $regex
$isMatch = $regex.ismatch($str)
$matches = $regex.matches($str)
#雙引號與單引號
$a = 1;
"$a"會輸出1
'$a'會輸出$a
# & 與 .
.{$var = 1} #看作include
&{$var = 1} #看作call
&"dir" #意味着函數名之類的可以當作參數傳入
#foreach
foreach ($file in dir) { $file.Name }
dir | % { $_.Name }
#for
for ($i = 1; $i -lt 5; $i++) {echo $i}
#while
$i = 0
while ($i -lt 4) { $i++; $i }
#do...while
$i = 10
do {$i--; $i} while ($i -lt 5)
#do...until
$i = 10
do {$i--; $i} until ($i -lt 5)
#if...else[if]
$obj = "Hello"
if ($obj -is [string]) { "ISSTRING" }
if ($obj -is [string]) { "ISSTRING" } else { "ISNOTSTRING" }
if ($obj -is [string]) { "ISSTRING" } elseif ($obj -is [int]) { "ISINTEGER" }
#switch
switch (1,2,3) { 1 {"a"} 2 {"b"} 3 {"c"} default {"?"} }
switch (1) { "a" {"China"} "b" {"Japan"} "c" {"c"} default {"???"} }
#switch -regex
$var = "abcdefg"
switch -regex($var) {
"^/w+$" {echo $_" is a word"}
"^/d+$" {echo $_" is a number"}
"^/s+$" {echo $_" is a space"}
default {echo "?"}
}
#switch -casesensitive
#switch -wildcard
#switch -extract ?怎麼用
#switch -file ?怎麼用
#拋出錯誤&捕獲異常
throw "Error"
raised "Exception"
trap
{
write-host "Error: " $_.Exception.Message
#$_.TargetObject
#$_.CategoryInfo
#$_.FullyQualifiedErrorID
#$_.ErrorDetails
#$_.InvocationInfo
continue
#break
#return
}
#輸出格式化
Format-List
Format-Table
Format-Wide
Format-Custom
dir | format-table -groupby Mode
dir | sort Name -desc
dir | sort Name -desc | select Name,Length,Mode | export-csv C:/dir.csv
dir | sort Name -desc | select Name,Length,Mode | export-clixml C:/dir.csv
dir | convertto-html
#使用.NET的對象
$webclient = New-Object System.Net.WebClient
$webclient.Encoding = [System.Text.Encoding]::UTF8
$url = "http://www.cnblogs.com/rss"
$data = [string]$webclient.downloadstring($url)
#使用COM對象
$spVoice = new-object -com "SAPI.spvoice"
$spVoice.Speak("Hello, I am Icebird.")
