關於HashMap經驗分享(源碼分析)

集合的作用就是以一定的方式組織,存儲數據。對於HashMap,我認爲需要的關注以下內容:
 1.集合的基本存儲單元
 2.集合的增刪改查基本操作的實現
 3.存儲數據的要求,是否爲空,是否允許重複
 4.存放與讀取是否有序
 5.是否線程安全

首先,我在這裏介紹下集合的家庭族譜。總的來說,java中所用的集合,都是實現了Collection接口的,類繼承圖如下:

Collection<--List<--Vector
Collection<--List<--ArrayList
Collection<--List<--LinkedList
Collection<--Set<--HashSet
Collection<--Set<--HashSet<--LinkedHashSet
Collection<--Set<--SortedSet<--TreeSet

基本存儲單元

 HashMap的源碼片段:

/**
 * The table, initialized on first use, and resized as
 * necessary. When allocated, length is always a power of two.
 * (We also tolerate length zero in some operations to allow
 * bootstrapping mechanics that are currently not needed.)
 */
transient Node<K,V>[] table;

/**
 * Holds cached entrySet(). Note that AbstractMap fields are used
 * for keySet() and values().
 */
transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet;

/**
 * The number of key-value mappings contained in this map.
 */
transient int size;

/**
 * The number of times this HashMap has been structurally modified
 * Structural modifications are those that change the number of mappings in
 * the HashMap or otherwise modify its internal structure (e.g.,
 * rehash).  This field is used to make iterators on Collection-views of
 * the HashMap fail-fast.  (See ConcurrentModificationException).
 */
transient int modCount;

/**
 * The next size value at which to resize (capacity * load factor).
 *
 * @serial
 */
// (The javadoc description is true upon serialization.
// Additionally, if the table array has not been allocated, this
// field holds the initial array capacity, or zero signifying
// DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY.)
int threshold;

/**
 * The load factor for the hash table.
 *
 * @serial
 */
final float loadFactor;
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
    final int hash;
    final K key;
    V value;
    Node<K,V> next;
}

基於Node數組和Node鏈表的實現。

集合的增刪改查基本操作的實現

1.新增元素

    final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
               boolean evict) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
    if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
        n = (tab = resize()).length;
    if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
        tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
    else {
        Node<K,V> e; K k;
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            e = p;
        else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
            e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
        else {
            for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
                if ((e = p.next) == null) {
                    p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
                    if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
                        treeifyBin(tab, hash);
                    break;
                }
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    break;
                p = e;
            }
        }
        if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
            V oldValue = e.value;
            if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
                e.value = value;
            afterNodeAccess(e);
            return oldValue;
        }
    }
    ++modCount;
    if (++size > threshold)
        resize();
    afterNodeInsertion(evict);
    return null;
}

先用hash算法取出Node數組下標index;如果當前數組下標爲index的Node不存在數據,即無hash衝突,新建Node直接放入此數組中,當然,這個Node的next爲null。接下來討論hash值衝突的情況:1.hash值衝突而且key值相同,此時將此Node的value用新的值覆蓋;2.hash值衝突但key值不同,此時需要新建一個Node,並將上一個Node的next指向當前新建的newNode,作爲鏈表實現。

static final int hash(Object key) {
    int h;
    return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16);
}


Hash算法。

2.修改元素

同put方法,直接覆蓋value值。


3.刪除元素

 
final Node<K,V> removeNode(int hash, Object key, Object value,
                           boolean matchValue, boolean movable) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, index;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (p = tab[index = (n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        Node<K,V> node = null, e; K k; V v;
        if (p.hash == hash &&
            ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            node = p;
        else if ((e = p.next) != null) {
            if (p instanceof TreeNode)
                node = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            else {
                do {
                    if (e.hash == hash &&
                        ((k = e.key) == key ||
                         (key != null && key.equals(k)))) {
                        node = e;
                        break;
                    }
                    p = e;
                } while ((e = e.next) != null);
            }
        }
        if (node != null && (!matchValue || (v = node.value) == value ||
                             (value != null && value.equals(v)))) {
            if (node instanceof TreeNode)
                ((TreeNode<K,V>)node).removeTreeNode(this, tab, movable);
            else if (node == p)
                tab[index] = node.next;
            else
                p.next = node.next;
            ++modCount;
            --size;
            afterNodeRemoval(node);
            return node;
        }
    }
    return null;
}


通過key計算出hash,通過hash計算中數組index下標。取出數組index裏的第一個元素,如果key與第一個元素的key相同,而且此index不存在hash衝突,直接將此元素置爲null;如果存在hash衝突,將這個數組的第一個元素設置爲當前Node的next指向的Node。

4.尋址

final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
    Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
    if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
        (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
        if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
            ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
            return first;
        if ((e = first.next) != null) {
            if (first instanceof TreeNode)
                return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
            do {
                if (e.hash == hash &&
                    ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
                    return e;
            } while ((e = e.next) != null);
        }
    }
    return null;
}

取出數組下標位置很重要,根據hash值計算。

存儲數據的要求,是否爲空,是否允許重複

允許爲空或者null,當key值爲空或null時,hash值默認0,計算出的數組下標爲0,也就是說key值爲null或者空串的,永遠在第一個位置,並用鏈表鏈接,key值不允許重複,value值允許重複,hash值允許重複。

存放與讀取是否有序

底層實現基於hash算法,無序。

是否線程安全

非線程安全,因爲所有方法都是不同步的,而且都是final,方法不能修改。





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