Oracle异常处理

--异常处理---------------------------------------------------------//   
--预定义异常   
    --NO_DATA_FOUND     没有数据满足查询要求   
    --ZERO_DIVIDE       算术错误，如试图用0去除一个数   
    --INVALID_NUMBER    在要求数据的地方使用了非数据   
    --NOT_LOGGED_ON     没有连接上Oracle   
    --TOO_MANY_ROWS     SELECT INTO 返回多行记录   
    --VALUE_ERROR       遇到算术的、转换的、截去的或约束错误   
    --CURSOR_ALREADY_OPEN   试图打开一个已经打开的游标   
    --DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX  试图插入一个已经存在的唯一约束值   
    --LOGIN_DENIED      要求进入系统的请求被拒绝   
    --TIMEOUT_ON_RESOURCE   等待的系统时间已经超时   
    --OTHERS        其它异常   
  
--NO_DATA_FOUND 异常-----------------------------------------------//   
--%TYPE是指定义一个变量和数据库中某个表的某个字段的数据类型一样   
DECLARE   
    v_name emp.ename%TYPE;   
BEGIN   
    SELECT ename INTO v_name FROM emp WHERE empno='1234';  --异常发生，empno 中没有1234  
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Name is : ' || v_name);   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('No Data Found');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--ZERO_DIVIDE 异常-------------------------------------------------//   
BEGIN   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(5/0);  --异常发生，不能被0除   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Can not divide zero');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--TOO_MANY_ROWS 异常-----------------------------------------------//   
DECLARE   
    no emp.empno%TYPE;   
    name emp.ename%TYPE;   
    dept emp.deptno%TYPE;   
BEGIN   
    SELECT empno,ename,deptno INTO no,name,dept FROM emp WHERE empno = 7369;   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('员工号 ：' || no);   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('员工名 ：' || name);   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('部门号 ：' || dept);   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('7369雇员不存在');  --未找到数据   
    WHEN TOO_MANY_ROWS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('有多个学员号是7369');  --返回多行   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX 异常--------------------------------------------//   
BEGIN   
    INSERT INTO emp   
    VALUES('7788','LaoZhao','Soft','7689','03-12月-81','2600','0','20');   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('违反了PRIMARY KEY约束：7788雇员已经存在');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
-------------------------------------------------------------------//   
--如果员工7788的工资小于3000，则更新为3000，如未找到该雇员，则利用异常处理打印相应信息   
DECLARE   
    salary emp.sal%TYPE;   
BEGIN   
    SELECT sal INTO salary FROM emp WHERE empno='7788';   
    IF salary < 3000 THEN   
        UPDATE emp SET sal = '3000' WHERE empno = '7788';   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('记录已更新');   
    ELSE   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('IF 条件不成立');   
    END IF;   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN NO_DATA_FOUND THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('7788雇员不存在');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
  
--用户自定义异常---------------------------------------------------//   
--001  
DECLARE   
    --v_num1 NUMBER:=5;   
    v_num1 NUMBER:=0;   
    --v_num2 NUMBER:=0;   
    v_num2 NUMBER:=5;   
    MyException EXCEPTION;   
BEGIN   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(v_num1/v_num2);       
        RAISE MyException;  --引发自定义异常   
       
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OK');  --此句永远不会执行，因为发生异常后程序将直接跳到EXCEPTION段   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyException THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Cannot Divide Zero');   
    --WHEN ZERO_DIVIDE THEN   
    --  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Can not Divide Zero');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--002  
DECLARE   
    id score.id%TYPE;   
    java score.java%TYPE;   
    MyException EXCEPTION;   
BEGIN   
    SELECT id,java INTO id,java FROM score WHERE id = 4;   
    IF java < 0 OR java > 100 THEN   
        RAISE MyException;   
    ELSE   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('OK');   
    END IF;   
  
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyException THEN   
        UPDATE score SET java=0 WHERE id = 4;   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('分数不能大于100或小于0，现已经清0');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--003  
DECLARE   
    v_date emp.hiredate%TYPE;   
    MyException EXCEPTION;   
BEGIN   
    INSERT INTO emp(empno,hiredate)   
        VALUES(1111,TO_DATE('2010-12-25','yyyy-mm-dd'));   
    COMMIT;   
    SELECT hiredate INTO v_date FROM emp WHERE empno=1111;   
    IF v_date > SYSDATE THEN   
        RAISE MyException;   
    END IF;   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('执行完毕');   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyException THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('雇用日期不能大于当前日期');   
        --raise_application_error(-20002,'雇用日期不能大于当前日期');   
        UPDATE emp SET hiredate = SYSDATE WHERE empno = 1111;   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('日期已更新为当前日期');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
  
--将定义好的异常与标准的ORACLE错误联系起来-------------------------//   
--001  
DECLARE   
    MyException EXCEPTION;   
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(MyException,-00001);  --关联语句   
BEGIN   
    INSERT INTO emp(empno) VALUES(1234);  --发生异常，企图插入有Check约束的重复值   
    COMMIT;  --插入后提交   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入正常');   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyException THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('ORA-00001: 违反了唯一约束');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--002  
CREATE TABLE a   
(   
    id INT NOT NULL,   
    name VARCHAR2(20) NOT NULL   
);   
DECLARE   
    MyException EXCEPTION;   
    PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(MyException,-1400);  --关联语句   
BEGIN   
    INSERT INTO a(id) VALUES(1);  --发生异常，违反了NOT NULL约束   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyException THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('错误代号：-1400');   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('错误描述：违反了NOT NULL约束');   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('错误发生时间：' ||    
                    TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'));   
        INSERT INTO errinfo    
          VALUES('-1400','违反了 NOT NULL约束',TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'));   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('已经将错误记录在ErrInfo表');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--003  
DECLARE   
    MyException EXCEPTION;   
    salary emp.sal%TYPE;   
BEGIN   
    SELECT sal INTO salary FROM emp WHERE empno = '7788';   
    IF salary > 2000 THEN   
        RAISE MyException;   
    END IF;   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyException THEN   
        RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR(-20001,'RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR异常发生',FALSE); --TRUE   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--课后练习---------------------------------------------------------//   
--001  
DECLARE   
    gz emp.sal%TYPE;   
    MyExc EXCEPTION;   
BEGIN   
    SELECT sal INTO gz FROM emp WHERE ename='SCOTT';   
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('原工资 : ' || gz);   
    IF gz < 2000 THEN   
        RAISE MyExc;   
    ELSE   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('工资无需更新');   
    END IF;   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyExc THEN   
        UPDATE emp SET sal = 3000 WHERE ename='SCOTT';   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('记录已经更新');   
        SELECT sal INTO gz FROM emp WHERE ename='SCOTT';   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('更新后工资 : ' || gz);   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
--002  
DECLARE   
    lo salgrade.losal%TYPE;   
    hi salgrade.hisal%TYPE;   
    MyExc EXCEPTION;   
BEGIN   
    INSERT INTO salgrade VALUES(6,2600,2400);   
    COMMIT;   
    SELECT losal,hisal INTO lo,hi FROM salgrade WHERE grade = 6;   
    IF lo > hi THEN   
        RAISE MyExc;   
    ELSE   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('记录已经插入');   
    END IF;   
EXCEPTION   
    WHEN MyExc THEN   
        --删除插入的记录并打印相应信息   
        delete salgrade WHERE grade = 6;   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('记录插入失败 LOSAL 必须小于 HISAL');   
    WHEN OTHERS THEN   
        DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Unknown Error');   
END;   
/   
  
--附注-------------------------------------------------------------//   
--如需在PL\SQL中进行值输入，   
DECLARE   
  num LONG;   
BEGIN   
  num := '&num';   
  DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('Input value is : ' || num);   
END;   
/   
--注意：如果要使你在DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(...)中显示的语句得以显示，则必须显示的调用   
SET SERVEROUTPUT ON;   
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------End//  
 

 

本文来自：http://javato.iteye.com/blog/78060