Volley -- 源碼分析

簡介

  • 關於Volley封裝性跟實用性是毋庸置疑的,本篇文章是爭對上一篇文章
    Volley – 基本用法做出比較詳細的過程分析,分析Volley請求的流程,緩存的策略,工作線程的執行分配,接口回調的機制,代碼的封裝等相關進行分析,涉及到Volley的相關類有Request、Response、NetworkDispatcher、CacheDispatcher、Cache、Network等。
  • 本篇文章通過提問方式展示上面提及的相關知識點,你可以當成一次複習,也可以當成一次面試,ヽ(^0^)ノ一次不正式的面試,哈哈,接下來開始吧。
  • 現在還寫了關於Volley的圖片處理源碼分析,分析關於Volley對圖片的壓縮,請求的處理等Volley – 圖片處理方式源碼分析

問題

  • 對於請求結果(包括錯誤結果),是怎麼被傳遞到UI線程,也就是說怎麼回調到了Response.Listener、Response.ErrorListener接口的。
  • 請求(Request)是如何得到結果(Response)的。
  • Volley緩存機制
  • ……

解答問題一:請求結果怎麼回調到Response.Listener、Response.ErrorListener接口

咚,看到ResponseDelivery源碼

public interface ResponseDelivery {
    /**
     * Parses a response from the network or cache and delivers it.
     */
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response);

    /**
     * Parses a response from the network or cache and delivers it. The provided
     * Runnable will be executed after delivery.
     */
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable);

    /**
     * Posts an error for the given request.
     */
    public void postError(Request<?> request, VolleyError error);
}

發現它是一個接口,用於傳送結果的

看一下它的子類ExecutorDelivery

/**
 * Delivers responses and errors.
 */
public class ExecutorDelivery implements ResponseDelivery {
    /** Used for posting responses, typically to the main thread. */
    private final Executor mResponsePoster;

    /**
     * Creates a new response delivery interface.
     * @param handler {@link Handler} to post responses on
     */
    public ExecutorDelivery(final Handler handler) {
        // Make an Executor that just wraps the handler.
        mResponsePoster = new Executor() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Runnable command) {
                handler.post(command);
            }
        };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new response delivery interface, mockable version
     * for testing.
     * @param executor For running delivery tasks
     */
    public ExecutorDelivery(Executor executor) {
        mResponsePoster = executor;
    }

    @Override
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response) {
        postResponse(request, response, null);
    }

    @Override
    public void postResponse(Request<?> request, Response<?> response, Runnable runnable) {
        request.markDelivered();
        request.addMarker("post-response");
        mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, runnable));
    }

    @Override
    public void postError(Request<?> request, VolleyError error) {
        request.addMarker("post-error");
        Response<?> response = Response.error(error);
        mResponsePoster.execute(new ResponseDeliveryRunnable(request, response, null));
    }
    // 還有一個內部類ResponseDeliveryRunnable下面講
    ...
}

通過構造函數,

public ExecutorDelivery(final Handler handler) {
        // Make an Executor that just wraps the handler.
        mResponsePoster = new Executor() {
            @Override
            public void execute(Runnable command) {
                handler.post(command);
            }
        };
    }

可以發現ExecutorDelivery成員變量Executor的執行操作是通過handler.post(command)將command操作傳遞到與Handler的相關聯的線程去執行。而ExecutorDelivery的三個post操作實際上是調用mResponsePoster.execute(command)。因此也許能夠猜到構造函數中的Handler極有可能是關聯着UI線程,查找一下ExecutorDelivery是在哪裏構造即可證實,通過RequestQueue的構造函數可以發現

public RequestQueue(Cache cache, Network network, int threadPoolSize) {
        this(cache, network, threadPoolSize,new ExecutorDelivery(new Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())));
}

有了一點思路,那麼通過UI線程Handler做什麼呢,通過ExecutorDelivery的三個Post方法可以發現,傳遞的都是其內部類ResponseDeliveryRunnable的實例,看一下其源碼:

 /**
     * A Runnable used for delivering network responses to a listener on the
     * main thread.
     */
    @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes")
    private class ResponseDeliveryRunnable implements Runnable {
        private final Request mRequest;
        private final Response mResponse;
        private final Runnable mRunnable;

        public ResponseDeliveryRunnable(Request request, Response response, Runnable runnable) {
            mRequest = request;
            mResponse = response;
            mRunnable = runnable;
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
        @Override
        public void run() {
            // If this request has canceled, finish it and don't deliver.
            if (mRequest.isCanceled()) {
                mRequest.finish("canceled-at-delivery");
                return;
            }

            // Deliver a normal response or error, depending.
            if (mResponse.isSuccess()) {
                mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);
            } else {
                mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);
            }

            // If this is an intermediate response, add a marker, otherwise we're done
            // and the request can be finished.
            if (mResponse.intermediate) {
                mRequest.addMarker("intermediate-response");
            } else {
                mRequest.finish("done");
            }

            // If we have been provided a post-delivery runnable, run it.
            if (mRunnable != null) {
                mRunnable.run();
            }
       }
    }

可以發現ResponseDeliveryRunnable有三個成員變量,分別是Request,Response和Runnable,也許你會想這裏的Runnable有什麼用,在哪被使用了,下面再揭曉,重點看一下其run方法,發現它的邏輯是通過判斷request是否取消,結果是否成功,來看是否執行mRequest.deliverResponse(mResponse.result);和mRequest.deliverError(mResponse.error);問題來了上面這兩個方法是幹什麼的??

查看Request的代碼,

/**
     * Subclasses must implement this to perform delivery of the parsed
     * response to their listeners.  The given response is guaranteed to
     * be non-null; responses that fail to parse are not delivered.
     * @param response The parsed response returned by
     * {@link #parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse)}
     */
    abstract protected void deliverResponse(T response);
/**
     * Delivers error message to the ErrorListener that the Request was
     * initialized with.
     *
     * @param error Error details
     */
    public void deliverError(VolleyError error) {
        if (mErrorListener != null) {
            mErrorListener.onErrorResponse(error);
        }
    }

發現deliverResponse是一個抽象方法,而deliverError是調用mErrorListener.onErrorResponse(error)傳遞VolleyError,而這裏的mErrorListener則是Response.ErrorListener接口。

到這裏有沒有一種恍然大悟的感覺,你應該猜到deliverResponse是通過調用Response.Listener接口傳遞結果的,那麼繼續查看Request子類中方法deliverResponse的實現

@Override
    protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
        if (mListener != null) {
            mListener.onResponse(response);
        }
    }

可以發現子類中該方法寫法基本一樣,只是結果的參數不一樣而已。

現在小結一下,一個Request是怎麼在Response.Listener、Response.ErrorListener接口得到結果的
通過ExectorDelivery.post...操作,在UI線程中執行request.deliverResponse、request.deliverError方法,
而這兩個方法有通過調用Request其Response.Listener、Response.ErrorListener將結果傳遞出來。

那麼問題又來了,ExectorDelivery.post…操作在哪裏被執行,通過RequestQueue的成員mDelivery發現,在構造Dispatcher(NetworkDispatcher、CacheDispatcher)時mDelivery被傳遞過去,Dispatcher是一個工作線程,不斷獲取RequesetQueue隊列中的Requeset,並執行得到結果,再通過Delivery返回數據到UI線程。

問題又來了又來了,工作線程怎麼得到Request的結果Response。詳情請看下面問題二。

解答問題二:如何得到Request的結果Response

這裏涉及到的相關類有Network、跟NetWorkResponse,Cache

Network UML圖
看到這裏應該明白Network通過HttpStack將Request轉換成HttpResponse,再將HttpResponse中的數據包裝成NetworkResponse

而這裏的HttpStack的兩個子類其實就是我們使用的HttpClient和HttpURLConnection。(下篇VolleyHTTP篇時講解)

那麼NetwoResponse是什麼?
先來了解一下Cache
Cache UML圖

NetworkResponse
可以看到Entry是存儲緩存數據的實體類,而NetworkResponse是存儲網絡數據結果的實體類

回到原來的問題,如何得到Request的結果Response,
現在有了NetworkResponse,怎麼實現呢?

看一下Requset源碼,可以發現

 /**
     * Subclasses must implement this to parse the raw network response
     * and return an appropriate response type. This method will be
     * called from a worker thread.  The response will not be delivered
     * if you return null.
     * @param response Response from the network
     * @return The parsed response, or null in the case of an error
     */
    abstract protected Response<T> parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response);

將NetworkResponse解析成Response是個抽象方法,也就是說在結果數據已經有了的前提下(NetworkResponse 對象的data數據,byte[]形式),對於具體怎麼樣的請求,那就有其自己去解析。比如StringRequest的parseNetworkResponse方法

parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));

這樣子我們也就可以自定義Request。

問題三:Volley緩存機制:CacheDispatcher及DiskBaseCache

CacheDispatcher是一個線程類,而上面講解的都是NetworkDispatcher這個線程類執行的操作:將Request的結果Response。

這裏提一下Volley在分配時默認分配有一個CacheDispatcher緩存操作線程和四個NetworkDispatcher網絡操作線程。

而NetworkDispatcher線程的工作是不斷的讀取RequsetQueue請求隊列中的Request並獲去結果。

那麼CacheDispatcher是幹嘛的呢??

根據前面兩個問題的解決思路,先看一下RequestQueue中的CacheDispatcher,發現其構造函數與NetworkDispatcher的差別在於CacheDispatcher多了一個mCacheQueue,其他對象完全一樣。

那麼這個mCacheQueue是什麼?應該是存儲正在緩存的Request的緩存隊列。

主要看一下run方法,看其是怎麼的緩存機制

@Override
    public void run() {
        if (DEBUG) VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher");
        Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);

        // Make a blocking call to initialize the cache.
        mCache.initialize();

        Request<?> request;
        while (true) {
            // release previous request object to avoid leaking request object when mQueue is drained.
            request = null;
            try {
                // Take a request from the queue.
                request = mCacheQueue.take();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
                if (mQuit) {
                    return;
                }
                continue;
            }
            try {
                request.addMarker("cache-queue-take");

                // If the request has been canceled, don't bother dispatching it.
                if (request.isCanceled()) {
                    request.finish("cache-discard-canceled");
                    continue;
                }

                // Attempt to retrieve this item from cache.
                Cache.Entry entry = mCache.get(request.getCacheKey());
                if (entry == null) {
                    request.addMarker("cache-miss");
                    // Cache miss; send off to the network dispatcher.
                    mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                    continue;
                }

                // If it is completely expired, just send it to the network.
                if (entry.isExpired()) {
                    request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired");
                    request.setCacheEntry(entry);
                    mNetworkQueue.put(request);
                    continue;
                }

                // We have a cache hit; parse its data for delivery back to the request.
                request.addMarker("cache-hit");
                Response<?> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(
                        new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders));
                request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed");

                if (!entry.refreshNeeded()) {
                    // Completely unexpired cache hit. Just deliver the response.
                    mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
                } else {
                    // Soft-expired cache hit. We can deliver the cached response,
                    // but we need to also send the request to the network for
                    // refreshing.
                    request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed");
                    request.setCacheEntry(entry);

                    // Mark the response as intermediate.
                    response.intermediate = true;

                    // Post the intermediate response back to the user and have
                    // the delivery then forward the request along to the network.
                    final Request<?> finalRequest = request;
                    mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() {
                        @Override
                        public void run() {
                            try {
                                mNetworkQueue.put(finalRequest);
                            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                                // Not much we can do about this.
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
            }
        }
    }

根據其run方法可以看到,其緩存原理:

  • 不斷在緩存隊列mCacheQueue中獲取Request。
    • 如果無緩存(爲null或者過時),則添加到mNetworkQueue中等待從服務器中獲取數據
    • 如果有緩存,判斷是否需要刷新數據
      • 不需要則直接通過沒Delivery.post..方法傳結果遞到UI線程
      • 需要刷新的話,則先通過Delivery.post…方法傳遞結果到UI線程,並且將請求添加到沒NetworkQueue中,即通過Delivery.post..( .. , .. , Runnable runnable)方法,這時候這個方法在這裏調用,突然覺得這個方法的神奇

在這裏也許你會發現通過 mCache.get(request.getCacheKey())獲取緩存,其實mCache的真實對象是Cache的子類DiskBaseCache,其功能類似於LruCache,內部是通過LinkedHashMap來保存緩存文件數據,讀取時對緩存文件進行讀取操作,這裏就不多講。

前天晚上寫項目寫到3點,昨晚回來寫這篇文章寫到了快3點,而且越寫越精神,哈哈,最重要的是堅持。

現在還寫了關於Volley的圖片處理源碼分析,有興趣的博友可以看看Volley – 圖片處理方式源碼分析

最後,如哪裏不足或者分析錯誤,非常歡迎指正,謝謝。

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