都要輸入密碼,就比較煩了,尤其是在script裏。不過,ssh有另一種用密鑰對來驗證的方
式。下面寫出我生成密匙對的過程,供大家參考。
第一步:生成密匙對,我用的是rsa的密鑰。使用命令 "ssh-keygen -t rsa"
[user1@rh user1]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa): Created directory '/home/user1/.ssh'. Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /home/user1/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: e0:f0:3b:d3:0a:3d:da:42:01:6a:61:2f:6c:a0:c6:e7 [email protected] [user1@rh user1]$
生成的過程中提示輸入密鑰對保存位置,直接回車,接受默認值就行了。接着會提示輸入一
個不同於你的password的密碼,直接回車,讓它空着。當然,也可以輸入一個。(我比較懶
,不想每次都要輸入密碼。) 這樣,密鑰對就生成完了。
其中公共密鑰保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
私有密鑰保存在 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
然後改一下 .ssh 目錄的權限,使用命令 "chmod 755 ~/.ssh"
[user1@rh user1]$ chmod 755 ~/.ssh [user1@rh user1]$
之後把這個密鑰對中的公共密鑰複製到你要訪問的機器上去,並保存爲
~/.ssh/authorized_keys.
[user1@rh user1]$ scp ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub rh1:/home/user1/.ssh/authorized_keys user1@rh1's password: id_rsa.pub 100% 228 3.2MB/s 00:00 [user1@rh user1]$
之這樣就大功告成了。之後你再用ssh scp sftp 之類的訪問那臺機器時,就不用輸入密碼
了,用在script上更是方便.