SpringData 第一章：簡單開發和註解開發

一、SpringData簡介

二、開發第一個SpringData程序

1、創建一個普通maven，過程省略（不懂可見maven的文章）

2.修改pox.xml的文件內容

		<!--Mysql 驅動包 -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>mysql</groupId>
			<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
			<version>5.1.38</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.data/spring-data-jpa -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
			<version>1.11.6.RELEASE</version>
		</dependency>
		<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.hibernate/hibernate-entitymanager -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
			<artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
			<version>5.2.9.Final</version>
		</dependency>

3、定義全局文件SpringData.xml文件

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">
     <context:component-scan base-package="com.mingde"/>
     <!--1、 配置數據源 -->   
     <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
     	<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
     	<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///springdata"/>
     	<property name="username" value="root"/>
     	<property name="password" value="123"/>
     </bean>   
     <!-- 2、配置實體類管理工廠 -->
     <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
     	<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
     	<property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
     		<bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>
     	</property>
     	<property name="packagesToScan" value="com.mingde"/>
     	<property name="jpaProperties">
     		<props>
     			<prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
     		</props>
     	</property>
     </bean>
     <!-- 3、配置事務管理器 -->
     <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
		<property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
     </bean>
     <!-- 4.配置以註解的方式定義事務 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
    
    <!-- 5.配置jpa:repositories -->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.mingde" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
</beans>

4、實體類

package com.mingde.po;

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;

@Entity
public class Student {

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
	private int sid;
	private String sname;
	private String sex;
	private int age;
	private String addr;
	
	/*** get、set和toString 作者在此省略  **/
}

5、dao層：自定義方法的命名規則

public interface StudentRepository extends Repository<Student, Integer> {//參數一：要映射的類，參數二：該表的主鍵的類型
	/** 這裏只需寫接口，不需要有實現類 **/

	/*** 下面的方法名是按照下面的‘自定義方法的命名規則表’來命名的，不是隨便亂命名的 ***/

	//根據姓名查詢學生信息
	List<Student> findBySname(String sname)throws Exception;
	//模糊查詢
	List<Student> findBySnameLike(String sname)throws Exception;
	//查詢性別和年齡大於多少歲的
	List<Student> findBySexAndAgeGreaterThan(String sex ,int age)throws Exception;
	//查詢一某個字開頭的（如某個地址是以‘上’開頭的：上海）
	List<Student> findByAddrStartingWith(String saddr)throws Exception;
	//查詢指定性別並且按年齡升序排序
	List<Student> findBySexOrderByAge(String sex)throws Exception;
}

自定義方法的命名規則表：

6、測試類

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.mingde.dao.StudentRepository;
import com.mingde.po.Student;
import com.mingde.service.StudentService;

public class Test {

	private ApplicationContext ac;
	private StudentRepository sr;
	
	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringData.xml");
		sr=ac.getBean(StudentRepository.class);
	}

	@org.junit.Test
	public void test() {
		System.out.println("開始了");
	}
	//查詢叫‘張三’的所有學生
	@org.junit.Test
	public void test2() throws Exception {
		List<Student> findBySname = sr.findBySname("張三");
		System.out.println(findBySname);
	}
	//模糊查詢姓名帶‘張’的所有學生
	@org.junit.Test
	public void test3() throws Exception {
		List<Student> findBySname = sr.findBySnameLike("%張%");
		System.out.println(findBySname);
	}
	//查詢所有男生並且年齡大於12歲的
	@org.junit.Test
	public void test4() throws Exception {
		List<Student> findBySname = sr.findBySexAndAgeGreaterThan("男",12);
		System.out.println(findBySname);
	}
	//查詢地址中以‘上’開頭的
	@org.junit.Test
	public void test5() throws Exception {
		List<Student> findBySname = sr.findByAddrStartingWith("上");
		System.out.println(findBySname);
	}
	//查詢指定性別並且按年齡升序排序
	@org.junit.Test
	public void test6() throws Exception {
		List<Student> findBySname = sr.findBySexOrderByAge("男");
		System.out.println(findBySname);
	}
}

三、利用註解@Query及@Modifying來進行開發

1.pom.xml和SpringData.xml和實體類同上

2.定義Dao層

package com.mingde.dao;

import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.RepositoryDefinition;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import com.mingde.po.Student;

//自主命名查詢方法
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass=Student.class,idClass=Integer.class) //可以替代下面的extends。。
public interface StudentRepository2 /*extends Repository<Student, Integer>*/{

	//查詢所有
	@Query("select st from Student st") //這裏不能寫成select * from student，不能擁有*號
	public List<Student> findAll() throws Exception;
	
	//根據姓名進行模糊查詢
	@Query("select st from Student st where st.sname like %?1%")
	public List<Student> findByWords(String words) throws Exception;
	
	//修改學生
	@Modifying			//代表可以修改
	@Query("update Student st set st.sname=:sname,st.addr=:addr where st.sid=:sid")
	public void updateStudent(@Param("sname")String sname,
			@Param("addr")String addr,
			@Param("sid") int sid) throws Exception;
	
	
}

3、定義Service層

package com.mingde.service;

import javax.transaction.Transactional;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.mingde.dao.StudentRepository2;

@Service
public class StudentService {
	
	@Autowired			//在junit是不可以使用該註解的，因爲spring無法掃描Junit的test文件
	private StudentRepository2 sr;
	@Transactional
	public void updateStudent(String sname,String addr,int sid) throws Exception {
		sr.updateStudent(sname, addr, sid);
	}
}

4、測試類

package com.mingde.test;

import java.util.List;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.mingde.dao.StudentRepository;
import com.mingde.dao.StudentRepository2;
import com.mingde.po.Student;
import com.mingde.service.StudentService;

public class Test {

	private ApplicationContext ac;
	private StudentRepository2 sr2;
	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception {
		ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringData.xml");
		sr2=ac.getBean(StudentRepository2.class);
	}

	
	/**   利用註解@Query及@Modifying   **/
	@org.junit.Test
	public void test7() throws Exception {
		List<Student> findAll = sr2.findAll();
		System.out.println(findAll);
		
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		ApplicationContext ac2=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("SpringData.xml");
		StudentRepository2 sr2=ac2.getBean(StudentRepository2.class);
		StudentService ss=ac2.getBean(StudentService.class);
		/*//查詢所有學生
		List<Student> findAll = sr2.findAll();
		System.out.println(findAll);
		//模糊查詢學生
		List<Student> findByWords = sr2.findByWords("張");
		System.out.println(findByWords);*/
		//修改學生信息
		ss.updateStudent("鄭秋冬", "杭州", 1002);
		
	}
	
	
}

注意：@Query和@Modifying不能進行添加（insert）操作