安卓MaterialDesign新特性,新控件FloatingActionButton,TabLayout,NavigationView等的使用

一:介紹

Android5.0之後推出了MaterialDesign(材料設計,物質設計),包括FloatingActionButton(浮動動作按鈕),TextInputLayout(文本輸入佈局,在這個控件下嵌套的EditText的Hint屬性不會隨着用戶輸入消失,而且還有監聽輸入的字符數給出相應提示的功能),TabLayout(表格佈局,類似HorizontalScrollView與viewpager聯動,但是少了很多計算),NavigationView(導航視圖,就是側滑菜單)等等,具體效果可以看下面的效果圖,下面就來介紹這幾種新控件使用方法

二:截圖

1.先來看看FloatingActionButton和TextInputLayout效果圖

2.TabLayout結合viewpager聯動效果圖

3.NavigationView結合DrawerLayout效果圖(就是個側滑菜單效果)

三:實現(IDE:AndroidStudio)

1.首先引入,方式如圖

2.點擊OK之後,先介紹FloatingActionButton和TextInputLayout使用方式

(1) 佈局文件,裏面的字段註釋得很詳細,別忘了把命名空間app引入

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.zidiv.materialdesign.MainActivity">

    <!-- app:backgroundTint="#f0f" 背景顏色 -->
    <!-- app:elevation="10dp" 周邊陰影寬度 -->
    <!-- app:fabSize="normal" 設置大小 -->
    <!-- app:rippleColor="#000" 點擊時的顏色 -->

    <android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton
        android:id="@+id/fabtn"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="20dp"
        android:src="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
        app:backgroundTint="#f0f"
        app:elevation="10dp"
        app:fabSize="normal"
        app:rippleColor="#000" />

    <android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout
        android:id="@+id/textinput"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:hint="請輸入用戶名">

        <EditText
            android:id="@+id/et"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />
    </android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout>

</LinearLayout>

(2) activity代碼,同樣爲了方便,註釋都在代碼中,裏面有個SnackBar,用法和Toast極其相似,功能和Toast也類似,但是效果不同,可以在上面的第一張效果圖中看到SnackBar的效果,是從底部彈出的提示

package com.zidiv.materialdesign;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.design.widget.FloatingActionButton;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.support.design.widget.TextInputLayout;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.text.Editable;
import android.text.TextWatcher;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.EditText;

/**
 * MaterialDesgin Demo
 */
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private FloatingActionButton fabtn;
    private TextInputLayout textinput;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        //FloatingActionButton部分,浮動動作按鈕
        fabtn = ((FloatingActionButton) findViewById(R.id.fabtn));
        fabtn.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                final Snackbar snackbar = Snackbar.make(v, "這是一條提醒", Snackbar.LENGTH_SHORT);
                snackbar.setAction("我知道了", new View.OnClickListener() {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v) {
                        snackbar.dismiss();
                    }
                });
                snackbar.show();
            }
        });

        //TextInputLayout部分,文本輸入編輯框
        textinput = ((TextInputLayout) findViewById(R.id.textinput));
        //獲得TextInputLayout包裹的EditText
        EditText editText = textinput.getEditText();
        //添加一個文本改變監聽器
        editText.addTextChangedListener(new TextWatcher() {
            @Override
            public void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {

            }

            @Override
            public void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
                //如果輸入的長度超過10
                if (s.length() > 10) {
                    textinput.setError("用戶名長度不能超過10");
                    textinput.setErrorEnabled(true);
                } else {
                    textinput.setErrorEnabled(false);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {

            }
        });
    }
}

3.然後看看TabLayout的使用方法

(1)佈局文件,字段都註釋在佈局文件中了,同樣別忘了引入命名空間

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.zidiv.materialdesign.TabLayoutActivity">
    <!-- app:tabIndicatorColor="#0f0" 下標指示器的顏色 -->
    <!-- app:tabIndicatorHeight="1dp" 下標指示器的高度 -->
    <!-- app:tabMode="scrollable" 設置表格模式:滾動 -->
    <!-- app:tabSelectedTextColor="#f00" 選中的顏色 -->
    <!-- app:tabTextColor="#000" 表格文本的顏色 -->
    <android.support.design.widget.TabLayout
        android:id="@+id/tablayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="#00f"
        app:tabIndicatorColor="#0f0"
        app:tabIndicatorHeight="1dp"
        app:tabMode="scrollable"
        app:tabSelectedTextColor="#f00"
        app:tabTextColor="#000">

    </android.support.design.widget.TabLayout>

    <android.support.v4.view.ViewPager
        android:id="@+id/viewpager"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

    </android.support.v4.view.ViewPager>

</LinearLayout>

(2) activity代碼,代碼很少就可以實現

package com.zidiv.materialdesign;

import android.support.design.widget.TabLayout;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.view.ViewPager;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 表格佈局和viewpager聯動,效果類似horizontalscrollview和viewpager聯動
 */
public class TabLayoutActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private TabLayout tablayout;
    private ViewPager viewpager;

    private List<Fragment> fragmentList = new ArrayList<>();//fragment集合
    private List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<>();//字符串集合,用在TabLayout標題上

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_tab_layout);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        //TabLayout部分,表格佈局
        tablayout = ((TabLayout) findViewById(R.id.tablayout));
        viewpager = ((ViewPager) findViewById(R.id.viewpager));
        //模擬幾個fragment和標題
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            String title = "標題" + i;
            stringList.add(title);
            MyFragment fragment = new MyFragment();
            Bundle bundle = new Bundle();
            bundle.putInt("index", i);
            fragment.setArguments(bundle);
            fragmentList.add(fragment);
        }
        MyFragmentPagerAdapter adapter = new MyFragmentPagerAdapter(getSupportFragmentManager(), fragmentList, stringList);
        //給viewpager設置適配器
        viewpager.setAdapter(adapter);
        //設置viewpager和tablayout聯動,很關鍵
        tablayout.setupWithViewPager(viewpager);
        tablayout.setTabsFromPagerAdapter(adapter);
    }
}

(3) activity中MyFragment代碼

package com.zidiv.materialdesign;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/3.
 */
public class MyFragment extends Fragment {

    @Nullable
    @Override
    public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        TextView textView = new TextView(getActivity());
        int index = getArguments().getInt("index");
        textView.setText("fragment" + index);
        return textView;
    }
}

(4) MyFragmentPageAdapter代碼

package com.zidiv.materialdesign;

import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentPagerAdapter;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2016/3/3.
 */
public class MyFragmentPagerAdapter extends FragmentPagerAdapter {

    private List<Fragment> fragmentList;
    private List<String> stringList;

    public MyFragmentPagerAdapter(FragmentManager fm, List<Fragment> fragmentList, List<String> stringList) {
        super(fm);
        this.fragmentList = fragmentList;
        this.stringList = stringList;
    }


    @Override
    public Fragment getItem(int position) {
        return fragmentList.get(position);
    }

    @Override
    public int getCount() {
        return fragmentList.size();
    }

    @Override
    public CharSequence getPageTitle(int position) {
        return stringList.get(position);
    }
}

4.最後看看NavigationView的使用

(1) 佈局

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context="com.zidiv.materialdesign.NavigationViewActivity">


    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="40dp"
        android:background="#f0f"
        android:orientation="vertical">

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn_toggle"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="40dp"
            android:text="開關" />
    </LinearLayout>

    <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
        android:id="@+id/drawerlayout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <include layout="@layout/activity_main" />
        <!-- layout_gravity="left" 從側滑菜單左邊滑出 -->
        <!-- app:headerLayout="@layout/headlayout" 加入頭佈局 -->
        <!-- app:menu="@menu/main" 加入菜單 -->
        <android.support.design.widget.NavigationView
            android:id="@+id/navigationview"
            android:layout_width="150dp"
            android:layout_height="match_parent"
            android:layout_gravity="left">
            <!--app:headerLayout="@layout/headlayout"-->
            <!--app:menu="@menu/main">-->

            <TextView
                android:id="@+id/txt"
                android:layout_width="match_parent"
                android:layout_height="30dp"
                android:gravity="center"
                android:text="哈哈" />

        </android.support.design.widget.NavigationView>

    </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

</LinearLayout>

(2) activity代碼

package com.zidiv.materialdesign;

import android.support.design.widget.NavigationView;
import android.support.design.widget.Snackbar;
import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;

/**
 * 側滑菜單的使用
 */
public class NavigationViewActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private DrawerLayout drawerlayout;
    private NavigationView navigationview;
    private boolean flag = false;//側滑菜單是否打開的標識

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_navigation_view);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        //側滑的根佈局
        drawerlayout = ((DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawerlayout));
        //側滑菜單佈局
        navigationview = ((NavigationView) findViewById(R.id.navigationview));
        //找到側滑菜單中的控件,可以直接找到
        findViewById(R.id.txt).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                Log.e("側滑菜單", "點擊了");
                Snackbar.make(v, "點擊了", Snackbar.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
        //給側滑菜單添加監聽
        drawerlayout.addDrawerListener(new DrawerLayout.SimpleDrawerListener() {
            //當側滑菜單關閉
            @Override
            public void onDrawerClosed(View drawerView) {
                super.onDrawerClosed(drawerView);
                flag = false;
            }

            //當側滑菜單打開
            @Override
            public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
                super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
                flag = true;
            }
        });
        //側滑開關按鈕
        findViewById(R.id.btn_toggle).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                if (flag) {//如果是打開的,就關閉側滑菜單
                    drawerlayout.closeDrawers();
                } else {
                    //佈局中設置從左邊打開,這裏也要設置爲左邊打開
                    drawerlayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

四:最後的話

到這裏MetarialDesign中的新控件使用就講完了,最後附上demo地址點擊下載demo,三個activity對應上面三個效果圖,你可以在清單文件中配置啓動項,啓動你要啓動的activity就可以了,另外demo是Androidstudio工程,大家導入的時候如果有錯誤請修改自己的build.gradle文件即可,謝謝大家!

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