第一題到第八題已經補全，但是第八題個人理解按照題上的說法做，即函數指針，沒有什麼意義。也有可能是我沒有理解清楚題意吧。我想明白後會回來再做修改，也希望各位能提一些意見一起探討！
第一題
count.h
//***************************************************************************************//
//*****************************************count.h***************************************//
#ifndef COUNT_H_
#define COUNT_H_
#include <string>
class BankCount
{
private:
std::string m_name;
double m_countNum;
double m_deposit;
public:
BankCount();
BankCount(const std::string &co, double recvCountNum = 0, double recvDeposit = 0);
~BankCount();
void addr();
void input(const double store);
void output(const double expense);
void display() const; // promises not to change invoking object
};
#endif
//***************************************************************************************//count.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include "count.h"
BankCount::BankCount() // default constructor
{
std::cout << "Default constructor called.\n";
m_name = "NULL";
m_countNum = 0;
m_deposit = 0;
}
BankCount::BankCount(const std::string &co, double countNum, double deposit)
{
std::cout << "Constructor using " << co << " called.\n";
m_name = co;
m_countNum = countNum;
if(deposit < 0)//--------------------------string object duplicate?????????????????
{
std::cout << "Initial deposit money can not be negative."
<<" Deposit money is set to 0.\n\n";
m_deposit = 0;
}
else
{
m_deposit = deposit;
}
}
BankCount::~BankCount()
{
std::cout << "Bye!\n";
}
void BankCount::addr(void)
{
std::cout << (void *)&m_name << "\n";
}
void BankCount::input(const double store)
{
if(store < 0)
{
std::cout << "Number of storing money can not be negative.\n\n";
}
else
{
m_deposit = m_deposit + store;
std::cout << "$" << store << " is stored.\n\n";
}
}
void BankCount::output(const double expense)
{
if(expense <= 0)
{
std::cout << "Number of expensed money can not be negative.\n\n";
}
else
{
if(expense - m_deposit)
{
std::cout << "Number of expensing money exceeds deposit money.\n"
<< "Deposit money is $" << m_deposit << ".\n\n";
}
else
{
m_deposit = m_deposit - expense;
std::cout << "$" << expense << " is expensed.\n\n";
}
}
}
void BankCount::display() const
{
using namespace std;
std::cout << m_name << ": \n";
std::cout << setprecision(20) << "Count number: " << m_countNum << ".\n";
std::cout << "Deposit money: $" << m_deposit << ",\n\n";
}main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "count.h"
int main()
{
double moneyinput,moneyoutput;
int execute = 0;
std::string a = "Mark Wall";
BankCount member1(a, 1001001101001100, 30000);
std::cout << (void *)&a << "\n";
member1.addr();
member1.display();
while(execute != 4)
{
std::cout << "Choose the option:\n"
<< "1. Enter the number of money you want to store: \n"
<< "2. Enter the number of money you want to expense:; \n"
<< "3. Display your count.\n"
<< "4. Quit.\n";
std::cin >> execute;
switch(execute)
{
case 1:
std::cout << "Enter the money: ";
std::cin >> moneyinput;
member1.input(moneyinput);
break;
case 2:
std::cout << "Enter the money: ";
std::cin >> moneyoutput;
member1.output(moneyoutput);
break;
case 3:
member1.display();
break;
case 4:
break;
default:
std::cout << "Wrong choose!\n";
}
}
return 0;
}第二題
person.h
//*************************************************************************//
//**********************************person.h*******************************//
#ifndef PERSON_H_
#define PERSON_H_
#include <string>
class Person
{
private:
static const int LIMIT = 25;
std::string lname; // Person's last name
char fname[LIMIT]; // Person's first name
public:
Person() {lname = ""; fname[0] = '\0';} // #1
Person(const std::string & ln, const char * fn = "Heyyou"); // #2
~Person();
// the following methods display lname and fname
void Show() const; // firstname lastname format
void FormalShow() const; // lastname, firstname format
void Addr() const;
};
#endif
//*************************************************************************//person.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "person.h"
Person::Person(const std::string & ln, const char * fn)
{
int str;
lname = ln;
str = strlen(fn);
std::cout << "length of first name: " << str << std::endl;
strncpy(fname, fn, str+1);
}
Person::~Person()
{
std::cout << "Bye\n";
}
void Person::Show(void) const
{
std::cout << fname << " " << lname << "\n";
}
void Person::FormalShow(void) const
{
std::cout << lname << " " << fname << "\n";
}
void Person::Addr(void) const
{
std::cout << "Address of char is " << (void *)fname << ". This address is the address of string\n";
std::cout << "Address of string class is " << &lname << ". This address is not the address of string\n";
//std::cout << << std::endl; //how to output the address of string in the class string?
}main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "person.h"
using namespace std;
int main()
{
Person one; // use default constructor
Person two("Smythecraft"); // use #2 with one default argument
Person three("Dimwiddy", "Sam");// use #2, no defaults
cout << endl;
cout << "Address of two's \"Smythecraft\" is "
<< (void *)"Smythecraft"
<< endl << endl;;
one = two;
one.Show();
one.FormalShow();
one.Addr();
cout << endl;
one = Person();
two.Show();
two.FormalShow();
two.Addr();
cout << endl;
three.Show();
three.FormalShow();
three.Addr();
cout << endl;
return 0;
}第三題
golf.h
//*****************************************************************//
//*******************************golf.h****************************//
// golf.h -- for pe9-1.cpp
#ifndef GOLF_H_
#define GOLF_H_
class Golf
{
private:
static const int LEN = 40;
char m_fullname[LEN];
int m_handicap;
public:
// non-interactive version:
// function sets golf structure to provided name, handicap
// using values passed as arguments to the function
Golf() {m_fullname[0] = '\0'; m_handicap = 0;}
Golf(const char * name, const int hc);
~Golf();
// interactive version:
// fuction solicits name and handicap from user
// and sets the members of g to the values entered
// returns 1 if name is entered, 0 if name is empty string
Golf setgolf();
// function resets handicap to new value
void handicap(int hc);
// function displays contents of golf structure
void showgolf() const;
};
#endif
//*****************************************************************//golf.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "golf.h"
extern int ret;
Golf::Golf(const char * name, const int hc)
{
strcpy_s(m_fullname, name);
m_handicap = hc;
}
Golf::~Golf()
{
//
}
Golf Golf::setgolf(void)
{
using namespace std;
char fullname[40];
int handicap;
cout << "Enter fullname less than 40 words:" << endl;
cin.getline(fullname,40);
if(fullname[0] == '\0')
ret = 0;
else
{
cout << "Enter handicap:" << endl;
cin >> handicap;
cin.get();
*this = Golf(fullname, handicap);
}
return *this;
}
void Golf::handicap(int hc)
{
m_handicap = hc;
}
void Golf::showgolf(void) const
{
using namespace std;
cout << "fullname: " << m_fullname << endl;
cout << "handicap: " << m_handicap << endl;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "golf.h"
int ret = 1;
int main()
{
Golf ann[10];
int count = 0;
do{
if(count%2 == 0)
{
ann[count] = ann[count].setgolf();
}
else
{
using namespace std;
char temp[40];
int num;
cout << "Enter fullname less than 40 words:" << endl;
cin.getline(temp,40);
if(temp[0] == '\0')
{
break;
}
else
{
//
}
cout << "Enter handicap:" << endl;
cin >> num;
cin.get();
ann[count] = Golf(temp, num);
}
count ++;
}while((ret == 1)&&(count < 10));
ann[0].showgolf();
ann[0].handicap(6);
ann[0].showgolf();
return 0;
}第四題
sales.h
//***********************************************//
//*******************sales.h*********************//
#ifndef SALES_H_
#define SALES_H
namespace SALES
{
class Sales
{
private:
static const int QUARTERS = 4;
double sales[QUARTERS];
double average;
double max;
double min;
void findaver(int n);
void findmax(int n);
void findmin(int n);
public:
// copies the lesser of 4 or n items from the array ar
// to the sales member of s and computes and stores the
// average, maximum, and minimum values of the entered items;
// remaining elements of sales, if any, set to 0
Sales() {sales[0] = '\0'; average = 0; max = 0; min = 0;}
Sales(const double ar[], int n);
~Sales(){}
// gathers sales for 4 quarters interactively, stores them
// in the sales member of s and computes and stores the
// average, maximum, and minimum values
Sales setSales();
// display all information in structure s
void showSales() const;
};
}
#endif SALES_H_
//***********************************************//sales.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "sales.h"
namespace SALES
{
Sales::Sales(const double ar[], int n)
{
using std::cout;
if(n > 4 || n < 0)
{
cout << "error! n is out of range.\n";
_exit(-1); // force to quit the whole program
} // exit(0),exit(non-0),_exit(0),_exit(non-0) is different from each other.
else // _exit(): loss the data in the buffer, exit(): hold the data in the buffer
{ // exit(0): quit normally, exit(non-0): quit abnormally
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
sales[i] = ar[i];
findaver(n);
findmax(n);
findmin(n);
for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++)
sales[i] = 0;
}
}
Sales Sales::setSales(void)
{
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
int n;
double temp[4];
cout << "Set the sales number no more than 4: ";
cin >> n;
if(n > 4 || n < 0)
{
cout << "error! n is out of range.\n";
_exit(-1);
}
else
{
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
cout << "input the #" << i+1 << " sale: ";
cin >> temp[i];
}
*this = Sales(temp, n);
return *this;
}
}
void Sales::findaver(int n)
{
double total = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
total = total + sales[i];
}
average = total / n;
}
void Sales::findmax(int n)
{
max = sales[0]; // initialize max and min, compare with each one
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if(sales[i] > max)
max = sales[i];
}
}
void Sales::findmin(int n)
{
min = sales[0];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
{
if(sales[i] < min)
min = sales[i];
}
}
void Sales::showSales() const
{
using std::cout;
using std::endl;
cout << endl << endl;;
cout << "average of sale is " << average << endl;
cout << "max value of sale is " << max << endl;
cout << "min value of sale is " << min << endl;
}
}main.cpp
#include "sales.h"
using namespace SALES;
int main()
{
double a[] = {3,4,5,6};
Sales obj1(a, 4), obj2;
obj2 = obj2.setSales();
obj1.showSales();
obj2.showSales();
return 0;
}第五題
stack.h
//**********************************************************************//
//*********************************stack.h******************************//
#ifndef STACK_H_
#define STACK_H_
typedef struct
{
char fullname[35];
double payment;
}customer;
class Stack
{
private:
static const int MAX = 10; //constant specific to class
customer m_items[MAX]; // holds stack items
int m_top; // index for top stack item
double m_gloss; // store total value
public:
Stack();
~Stack();
bool isempty() const;
bool isfull() const;
// push() returns false if stack already is full, true otherwise
bool push(const customer & obj); // add item to stack
// pop() returns false if stack already is empty, true otherwise
bool pop(customer & obj); // pop top into item
void show() const; // show payment
};
#endif
//**********************************************************************//stack.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "stack.h"
Stack::Stack()
{
m_top = 0;
m_gloss = 0;
}
Stack::~Stack()
{
//
}
bool Stack::isempty(void) const
{
return (m_top == 0);
}
bool Stack::isfull(void) const
{
return (m_top == MAX);
}
bool Stack::push(const customer & obj)
{
if(m_top < MAX)
{
m_items[m_top].payment = obj.payment;
int str; // statement can be put in wherever but before being used
str = strlen(obj.fullname);
strncpy_s(m_items[m_top].fullname, obj.fullname, str+1);
m_top++;
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
bool Stack::pop(customer & obj)
{
if(m_top > 0)
{
int str;
m_top--;
m_gloss = m_gloss + m_items[m_top].payment;// add the value of payment to gloss
obj.payment = m_items[m_top].payment;
str = strlen(m_items[m_top].fullname);
strncpy_s(obj.fullname, m_items[m_top].fullname, str+1);
return true;
}
else
return false;
}
void Stack::show(void) const
{
std::cout << "\n" << "Now " << m_top << " elements are in stack.\n"
<< "The point \"top\" is pointing to " << m_top << ".\n"
<< "The total number of payment is " << m_gloss << "\n";
}main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "stack.h"
void showobj(customer obj, int n)
{
std::cout << "#" << n+1 << ": " << obj.fullname << ": " << obj.payment << "\n";
}
int main()
{
Stack obj_stack;
customer recv[11] = {}; // 初始化
customer object[11] = { // 如果不初始化，每個元素裏將有隨機值，輸出亂碼
{"Adobe Reader", 1.1}, // 初始化後如果某位或幾位爲缺省，則對應元素爲0
{"Microsoft Office", 2.2},
{"Photo Shop", 3.3},
{"Surface Pro", 4.4},
{"Google Chrome", 5.5},
{"Quartus II", 6.6},
{"Daemon Tools", 7.7},
{"VM Ware", 8.8},
{"TuneUp", 9.9},
{"Sketch Up", 10},
{"Whatever", 11.11}
};
for(int i = 0; i < 11; i++)
showobj(object[i], i); // 輸出將要壓入棧的元素
obj_stack.show(); // 輸出此時棧的情況
while(!obj_stack.isfull())
{
static int j = 0;
while(!obj_stack.push(object[j])) // 壓棧，如果成功將不執行while語句
{ // 應該不會出現失敗的情況，
std::cout << "Unknown push error!\n";// 之所以這樣寫是處於個人習慣
_exit(1);
}
j++;
}
obj_stack.show();
while(!obj_stack.isempty()) // 出棧，原理同上
{
static int k = 0;
while(!obj_stack.pop(recv[k]))
{
std::cout << "Unknown pop error!\n";
_exit(1);
}
k++;
}
obj_stack.show(); // 輸出此時棧的情況
std::cout << std::endl;
for(int i = 0; i < 11; i++)
showobj(recv[i], i); // 輸出接收器接收的數據
return 0;
}第六題
move.h
//****************************************************************************//
//**********************************move.h************************************//
#ifndef MOVE_H_
#define MOVE_H_
class Move
{
private:
double x;
double y;
public:
Move(double a = 0, double b = 0); // sets x, y to a, b
~Move() {}
void showmove() const; // shows current x, y values
Move add(const Move & m) const;
// this function adds x of m to x of invoking object to get new x,
// adds y of m to y of invoking object to get new y, creates a new
// move object initialized to new x, y values and returns it
void reset(double a = 0, double b = 0); // resets x, y to a, b
};
#endif
//****************************************************************************//move.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "move.h"
Move::Move(double a, double b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}
void Move::showmove(void) const
{
std::cout << "current x = " << x << "\n"
<< "current y = " << y << "\n\n";
}
Move Move::add(const Move & m) const
{
double xt = x + m.x;
double yt = y + m.y;
return (Move(xt, yt));
}
void Move::reset(double a, double b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}
main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "move.h"
int main()
{
Move obj1;
Move obj2(1.1, 2.2);
Move obj3 = Move(3.3, 4.4);
std::cout << "object1:\n";
obj1.showmove();
std::cout << "object2:\n";
obj2.showmove();
std::cout << "object3:\n";
obj3.showmove();
std::cout << "after 1st addition, object3:\n";
obj3 = obj1.add(obj2);
obj3.showmove();
std::cout << "after 2nd addition, object3:\n";
obj3 = obj3.add(obj2); // 合法，等號右邊創建臨時對象，沒有修改obj3，
obj3.showmove(); // 把臨時對象賦給obj3，這時obj3已經不是const
std::cout << "after reset, object3:\n";
obj3.reset(1, 1);
obj3.showmove();
return 0;
}第七題
plorg.h
//**************************************************************************//
//*********************************plorg************************************//
#ifndef PLORG_H_
#define PLORG_H_
class Plorg
{
private:
enum {MAX = 20};
char m_name[MAX];
int m_CI;
public:
Plorg();
Plorg(char * s);
~Plorg() {}
void changeCI(int temp);
void show() const;
};
#endif
//**************************************************************************//plorg.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include "plorg.h"
Plorg::Plorg()
{
strcpy(m_name, "Plorga");
m_CI = 50;
}
Plorg::Plorg(char * s)
{
int str = strlen(s);
//strncpy_s(m_name, 20, s, str+1);
strncpy_s(m_name, s, str+1);// 與上一句等效，拷貝19和str中較小的字符數，在結尾處加'\0'
// 實際測試中發現拷貝字符數多於19個時強制退出並報錯
m_CI = 50;
}
void Plorg::changeCI(int temp)
{
m_CI = temp;
}
void Plorg::show(void) const
{
std::cout << "plorg name: " << m_name << "\n"
<< "plorg CI: " << m_CI << "\n";
}main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "plorg.h"
int main()
{
using namespace std;
//char na[24]= "asdfasdfasdfasdfasdfas";
string name;
Plorg obj1;
Plorg obj2("Betelgeusean");
cout << "object1:\n";
obj1.show();
cout << "object2:\n";
obj2.show();
cout << "Enter the name of object1 less than 20 words: ";
getline(cin, name);
Plorg obj3((char *)name.c_str()); // name是string類的對象，字符串地址需要通過方法c_str得到
//Plorg obj3(na); // 直接對name取址得到的是對象地址
obj3.show();
obj2.changeCI(60);
cout << "object2:\n";
obj2.show();
return 0;
}第八題
list.h
//********************************************************************************//
//************************************list.h**************************************//
#ifndef LIST_H_
#define LIST_H_
typedef int Item;// 默認Item爲int型，可以換爲其他基本數據類型，不能爲結構體
//typedef double Item;
//typedef float Item;
//typedef short Item;
//typedef char Item;
void show(Item &);
class List
{
private:
void * m_pt;// 設置成空指針是爲了能夠指向任意類型的數據
int m_pos; // 標記表示當前存儲數據的位置，實際上是數組中下一個爲空的位置，類似於棧
int m_MAX; // 存儲列表可容納的數據個數
public:
List();
List(const int n);
~List();
bool isempty() const;
bool isfull() const;
bool add(const Item &);
void visit(void (*pt)(Item &)) const;
};
#endif
//********************************************************************************//list.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "list.h"
List::List()
{
//m_pt = new int [1]; // 只有一個int型0元素的列表
//*(int *)m_pt = 0;
//m_MAX = 1;
//m_pos = 1;
m_pt = NULL; // 指針指向空，空列表
m_pos = 0;
m_MAX = 0;
}
List::List(const int n)
{
m_pt = new Item [n];
m_pos = 0;
m_MAX = n;
(Item *)m_pt;
}
List::~List()
{
delete [] m_pt; // 在析構函數裏要把m_pt指針指向的空間釋放
}
bool List::isempty(void) const
{
return (m_pos == 0);
}
bool List::isfull(void) const
{
return (m_pos == m_MAX);
}
bool List::add(const Item & item)
{
if(isfull())
return false;
else
{
*((Item *)m_pt+(m_pos++)) = item;// 強制轉換m_pt指向的數據類型，後面加偏移地址
return true;
}
}
void List::visit(void (*pt)(Item &)) const // 該函數隱式訪問類內數據，接收函數指針爲參數
{
int flag = 0; // 標記沒有找到數據
Item item; // item是函數指針指向的函數的參數，要在visit內聲明
std::cout << "Enter the element you want to visit: ";
std::cin >> item;
for(int i = 0; i < m_pos; i++)
{
if(item == *((Item *)m_pt+i))// 左值，要找的參數；右值，列表中的數據
{
std::cout << "Find " << item << " in position " << i+1 << std::endl;
(*pt)(item);
flag++;
}
}
if(flag == 0)
std::cout << "No such item has been found!\n";
}
void show(Item & item) // 這個函數有什麼意義我還沒有想明白，莫非只是爲了展示一下
{ // 函數指針技術？弄清楚後會回來補充
std::cout << item << "\n";
}main.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include "list.h"
int main()
{
using std::cout;
using std::cin;
List Tlist(5);// 可以交互式輸入列表容量，爲了簡單直接給5
Item temp;
int option = 0;
while(option != 5)
{
cout << "choose the option:\n";
cout << "1. check if the list is empty.\n"
<< "2. check if the list is full.\n"
<< "3. add element to the list.\n"
<< "4. visit a element.\n"
<< "5. quit.\n";
cin >> option;
switch(option)
{
case 1:
if(Tlist.isempty()) // 檢查是否爲空
cout << "The list is empty.\n";
else
cout << "The list is not empty.\n";
break;
case 2:
if(Tlist.isfull()) // 檢查是否爲滿
cout << "The list is full.\n";
else
cout << "The list is not full.\n";
break;
case 3:
if(!Tlist.isfull()) // 不爲空時可以添加數據
{
cout << "Enter the item you want to add in: ";
cin >> temp;
if(Tlist.add(temp))
cout << "Add operation Succeed!\n";
else
cout << "Add operation fail!\n";
}
else
cout << "The list is already full!\n";
break;
case 4: // 查找元素
if(!Tlist.isempty())
Tlist.visit(show);
else
cout << "The list is empty, no element exists!\n";
break;
case 5:
break;
default:
cout << "Entered the wrong number, please enter again: ";
}
cout << std::endl;
}
cout << "Bye!\n";
return 0;
}