【Java Web開發】springmvc web平臺搭建初試

環境：

框架：Spring + SpringMVC + MyBatis + velocity + JQuery + Bootstrap
工具：idea、tomcat、mysql
環境：jdk1.8

一、新建工程

1. Idea新建maven-archetype-webapp工程

2. 配置maven settings.xml文件、倉庫等信息

二、Spring、SpringMVC添加與配置

1. 在pom.xml文件中添加依賴

<!-- Spring dependencies -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

這裏依賴的version統一配置，在pom.xml文件中新增配置節如下：

    <properties>
        <spring.framework.version>4.1.2.RELEASE</spring.framework.version>
    </properties>

2. webapp/WEB-INF下web.xml文件配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">

    <listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
    </listener>

    <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-config.xml</param-value>
    </context-param>


    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-config.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>spring-mvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

3. 工程resources目錄下新建spring-config.xml、springmvc-config.xml

4. 配置spring-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.service,com.xxx.xxx.dao"/>

</beans>

5. 配置springmvc-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">

    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.controller"/>

    <!--<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">-->
        <!--<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/" />-->
        <!--<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />-->
    <!--</bean>-->


</beans>

6. 在工程中創建com.xxx.xxx.controllor、com.xxx.xxx.service包，包下分別創建XxxController.java、XxxService.java文件。

XxxControllor.java文件如下：

package com.xx.xxx.controller;

import com.xxx.xxx.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2017/12/28.
 */
@Controller
public class MainController {
    @Autowired
    private HelloService helloService;

    @RequestMapping("/index")
//    @ResponseBody
    public ModelAndView index() {
//        return helloService.sayHello();
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.setViewName("index");
        modelAndView.addObject("name", "smilefish");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

XxxService.java文件如下：

package com.xxx.xxx.service;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2017/12/28.
 */
@Service
public class HelloService {

    public String sayHello() {
        return "Hello World! Ocean~";
    }
}

三、velocity配置

1. 添加velocity依賴

 <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.velocity/velocity -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
            <artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
            <version>1.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
            <artifactId>velocity-tools</artifactId>
            <version>2.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.framework.version}</version>
        </dependency>

2. 配置springmvc-config.xml文件，添加以下配置節

<!-- 配置velocity引擎，通過加載配置文件的方式進行 -->
    <bean id="velocityConfigurer" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityConfigurer">
        <property name="resourceLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/templates/" /><!-- 模板存放的路徑 -->
        <property name="configLocation" value="/WEB-INF/velocity.properties"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- Velocity 視圖解析器配置-->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityLayoutViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value=""></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".vm"></property>
        <property name="toolboxConfigLocation" value="/WEB-INF/toolbox.xml"></property>
        <property name="dateToolAttribute" value="date"></property><!--日期函數名稱-->
        <property name="numberToolAttribute" value="number"></property><!--數字函數名稱-->
        <property name="contentType" value="text/html;charset=UTF-8"></property>
        <property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" /><!--是否使用spring對宏定義的支持-->
        <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true"></property>
        <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true"></property>
        <property name="layoutUrl" value="/layout/empty.vm"></property>
        <property name="layoutKey" value="layoutPath"></property>
        <property name="allowRequestOverride" value="true" />
    </bean>

3. 在WEB-INF目錄下添加toolbox.xml、velocity.properties文件

toolbox.xml文件如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<toolbox>

</toolbox>

velocity.properties文件如下

velocimacro.permissions.allow.inline=true
velocimacro.permissions.allow.inline.to.replace.global=true
velocimacro.permissions.allow.inline.local.scope=true
input.encoding=UTF-8
output.encoding=UTF-8
resource.loader=webapp, class
class.resource.loader.description=Velocity Classpath Resource Loader
class.resource.loader.class=org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.ClasspathResourceLoader
webapp.resource.loader.class=org.apache.velocity.tools.view.WebappResourceLoader
webapp.resource.loader.path=/WEB-INF/vm/
webapp.resource.loader.cache=false

4. WEB-INF下新建vm目錄，vm目錄下新建index.vm文件，內容如下

<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World! $!name</h2>
</body>
</html>

四、 tomcat配置

1. DebugConfigurations配置Server路徑、默認頁面、啓動端口、執行的war文件
2. 這裏運行就能訪問index.vm文件並且頁面顯示Hello World！ smilefish

五、MyBatis配置

1. 添加依賴

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
            <version>3.4.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.mybatis/mybatis-spring -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-dbcp/commons-dbcp -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
            <version>1.4</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.30</version>
        </dependency>

2. spring-config.xml文件中實例化PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer，且引入dao.xml。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.xxx.xxx.service,com.xxx.xxx.dao"/>

    <bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
        <property name="ignoreUnresolvablePlaceholders" value="true" />
        <property name="locations">
            <list>
                <value>classpath:properties/*.properties</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <import resource="dao.xml" />
</beans>

3. resources目錄下新建dao.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>


    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" />
        <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mappers/*.xml" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="sqlSessionTemplate" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>
</beans>

4. resources目錄下新建mybatis-config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
    <settings>
        <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/>
        <setting name="lazyLoadingEnabled" value="true"/>
    </settings>

    <typeAliases>
        <typeAlias type="com.xxx.xxx.domain.User" alias="User"/>
    </typeAliases>
</configuration>

5. resources目錄下添加properties目錄，properties目錄下新建db.properties

jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://xx.xx.xx.xx:3306/XXX
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=password

6. resources目錄下添加mappers目錄，mappers目錄下新建User.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org/DTO Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="User">
    <resultMap id="userMap" type="User">
        <result column="id" property="id" jdbcType="INTEGER"/>
        <result column="username" property="username" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
        <result column="password" property="password" jdbcType="VARCHAR"/>
    </resultMap>


    <select id="selectOne" resultMap="userMap" parameterType="java.lang.String">
        select id,username,password
        FROM `user`
        where username=#{username}
    </select>
</mapper>

7. 數據庫新建user表，包含列id、用戶名、密碼

8. 添加包com.xxx.xxx.dao，目錄下新建文件UserDao.java及UserDaoUmpl.java

package com.xxx.xxx.dao;

import com.xxx.xxx.domain.User;

/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2018/1/1.
 */
public interface UserDao {
    /**
     * 根據username查找user
     * @param username
     * @return
     */
    User select(String username);
}

package com.xxx.xxx.dao.impl;

import com.xxx.xxx.dao.UserDao;
import com.xxx.xxx.domain.User;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2018/1/1.
 */
@Component
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    @Autowired
    private SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate;

    public User select(String username) {
        return sqlSessionTemplate.selectOne("User.selectOne", username);
    }
}

9. 添加包com.xxx.xxx.domain，目錄下新建文件User.java

package com.xxx.xxx.domain;

/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2018/1/1.
 */
public class User {
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private int id;

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
}

10. 添加包com.xxx.xxx.service，目錄下新建文件UserService.java

package com.xxx.xxx.service;

import com.xxx.xxx.dao.UserDao;
import com.xxx.xxx.domain.User;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2018/1/1.
 */
@Service
public class UserService {
    @Autowired
    private UserDao userDao;

    public boolean match(String username, String password) {
        User user = userDao.select(username);
//        if (user != null)
//            System.out.println(user.getUsername() + user.getPassword() + "!!!!");
        return user != null && user.getPassword() != null && user.getPassword().equals(password);
    }

}

六、添加JQuery、Bootstrap

1. 在webapp下新增statics目錄

這裏一定要放在webapp目錄下與WEB-INF同級。不可放在WEB-INF目錄下，否則服務啓動後訪問頁面時，加載不到靜態資源（css、js、image等）。因爲WEB-INF目錄下的資源只允許內部訪問，外部是訪問不到的。

2. 在statics目錄下新增css、js、image目錄

3. 在JQuery官網下載JQuery文件放到js目錄下

4. 在Bootstrap官網下載Bootstrap文件放到css目錄下

5. 在vm模板文件中引入JQuery

頁面元素尾部且body標籤中添加

<script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.2.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-KJ3o2DKtIkvYIK3UENzmM7KCkRr/rE9/Qpg6aAZGJwFDMVNA/GpGFF93hXpG5KkN" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="../../../statics/js/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

6. 在vm模板文件中引入Bootstrap

head標籤中添加

<link href="../../statics/css/bootstrap/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

7. 設置靜態資源可被外部訪問

在springmvc-config.xml文件中添加配置節

    <mvc:resources mapping="/statics/**" location="/statics/" />

七、添加攔截器，結合session實現請求時登錄狀態校驗

1. 在pom.xml中添加interceptor依賴

        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax.servlet/servlet-api -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>

2. 在springmvc-config.xml文件中添加配置節

    <!--<mvc:default-servlet-handler />-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/**" />
            <bean id="loginInterceptor" class="com.xxx.xxx.interceptor.LoginInterceptor"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>

3. 新建com.xxx.xxx.interceptor包，包下新建LoginInterceptor.java文件

package com.xxx.xxx.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;


/**
 * Created by smilefish on 2018/1/3.
 */


public class LoginInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {

    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o) throws Exception {
        String url = httpServletRequest.getRequestURI().toString();
        String[] allowUrls = new String[]{"/login", "/checkLogin"};
        for (String strUrl : allowUrls) {
            if (url.contains(strUrl)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        HttpSession session = httpServletRequest.getSession();
        String username = (String) session.getAttribute("username");
        if (null != username) {
            return true;
        } else {
            httpServletResponse.sendRedirect(httpServletRequest.getContextPath() + "/login");
        }
        return false;
    }

    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) throws Exception {

    }

    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {

    }
}

4. 在controller文件中判斷登錄成功時添加session存儲

    @RequestMapping(value = "checkLogin", method = {RequestMethod.POST})
    public ModelAndView checkLogin(@RequestParam String username, @RequestParam String password, HttpServletRequest request) {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        if (userService.match(username, password)) {
            modelAndView.setViewName("index");
            HttpSession session = request.getSession();
            session.setAttribute("username", username);
            session.setMaxInactiveInterval(1800);
        } else {
            modelAndView.setViewName("pages/login");
        }
        return modelAndView;
    }