翻譯李開復在quora上關於科學研究問題的回答

[size=large][b][align=center]In the next 100 years, is China likely to become the world leader in scientific research?[/align][/b][/size]
It seems as though Chinese culture is *extremely* conducive to academic achievement and scientific advance. In contrast, the United States is all too eager to slash funding for research and education, and from what I've seen, the culture here in America is growing towards one which doesn't value education and promotes little ambition or competitiveness. However, the United States has excellent universities where academia thrives, as well as an established foothold in just about every single area of scientific research,


[b][size=medium]Kai-Fu Lee, Chairman & CEO, Innovation Works[/size][/b]
The Chinese culture and education system is not an innovative but an industrious one:
As a result, the types of Chinese innovation that have proven successful recently include:

Taking an western product and localizing it, gradually adding elements of innovation. After many iterations, the product becomes innovative (example: Tencent QQ learning from ICQ).
• Integrating multiple good ideas and creating something new out of it (example: Taobao combining the eBay auction and Google AdWords).
• Business innovation: Finding ways to maximize profit (example: freemium model in gaming was first popularized by Giant Interactive). This is a natural result during China's stage of development -- entrepreneurs and businessmen are largely driven by monetary goals.
• Need-driven innovation: Yuan Longping's hybrid rice is a good example -- the government funded research in areas of the greatest need -- in this case hunger from the Cultural Revolution days.

Other areas where Chinese may extend innovation include:


Heavy government subsidy -- areas where the Chinese government heavily subsidizes. Alternative energy may be the most likely such area.
• Innovation that can be derived by exhaustive experimentation -- possibly pharmaceutical area.
• Innovation which requires solid foundation and extreme hard work, as opposed to risk-taking and thinking out-of-the-box.
• Western-trained researchers leading Chinese teams.

Over time, Chinese innovation will undoubtedly rise, because this is a need that the whole country is aware of. It may indeed take the 100 years asked in the question. The American education/research system has a large lead over not just China but the world.

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在接下來的一百年裏，在科學研究領域中國可能成爲世界的領導者嗎？[/align][/b][/size]
中國文化好像極其有助於學術成就和科學提高。相反的，美國更傾向於消減研究和教育基金，就我觀察而言，美國文化朝着不珍視教育和激發激情與競爭力的方向發展。然而目前，美國有優秀的學術繁榮的大學，也在各個學術研究領域有立足點。

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李開復，創新工場CEO[/size][/b]

中國文化和教育系統不是創新型的，而是勤勉型的：
而，中國創新的這種形式，近些年，已經在這些方面被證明是成功的。

• 模仿一個西方的產品，本地化，一步步增加創新元素。很多次添加修改之後，產品變得有創新力。（例子：騰訊QQ模仿自ICQ）
• 綜合多個好的想法，創造出不同於原來的。（例子：淘寶來自於ebay拍賣與google廣告想法的結合）
• 商業創新：找出最大化利潤的方法。（例子:巨人網絡推廣的免費增值模式）這是中國發展階段的自然結果—企業家和商人被國家財政目標強烈驅動。
• 需求驅動創新：袁隆平的雜交水稻是個好的例子—政府資助在巨大需求的領域—在這裏是革命時期的飢餓問題。

其他中國可能拓展的創新領域：
• 政府巨大補助的領域—政府有很大補助的領域。替代能源可能是最相似的領域。
• 創新由詳盡實驗來衍生的—可能是藥物領域。
• 要求堅實基礎和艱苦工作的創新的，作爲於採取冒險和不一樣的思考的不同
• 讓經過西方培訓的研究者來領導中國團隊的


隨着時間的前進，中國的創新力將毫無疑問的增長，因爲這是整個國家認識到的需要。
這個問題可能確實需要被問上100年，因爲美國的教育與研究系統遠遠先進於中國和世界。