tomcat https雙向認證

java tomcat 搭建SSL雙向認證以及httpclient代碼

一、生成密鑰庫和證書
可參考以下密鑰生成腳本，根據實際情況做必要的修改，其中需要注意的是：服務端的密鑰庫參數“CN”必須與服務端的IP地址相同，否則會報錯，客戶端的任意。
key.script
1 、生成服務器證書庫

keytool -validity 365 -genkey -v -alias server -keyalg RSA -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -dname "CN=localhost,OU=sumscope,O=sumscope,L=Pudong,ST=Shanghai,c=com" -storepass 111111 -keypass 111111

2 、生成客戶端證書庫

keytool -validity 365 -genkeypair -v -alias client -keyalg RSA -storetype PKCS12 -keystore /opt/web/ssl/client.p12 -dname "CN=client,OU=sumscope,O=sumscope,L=Pudong,ST=Shanghai,c=com" -storepass 222222 -keypass 222222

3 、從客戶端證書庫中導出客戶端證書

keytool -export -v -alias client -keystore /opt/web/ssl/client.p12 -storetype PKCS12 -storepass 222222 -rfc -file /opt/web/ssl/client.cer

4 、從服務器證書庫中導出服務器證書

keytool -export -v -alias server -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -storepass 111111 -rfc -file /opt/web/ssl/server.cer

5 、生成客戶端信任證書庫(由服務端證書生成的證書庫)

keytool -import -v -alias server -file /opt/web/ssl/server.cer -keystore /opt/web/ssl/client.truststore -storepass 222222

6 、將客戶端證書導入到服務器證書庫(使得服務器信任客戶端證書)

keytool -import -v -alias client -file /opt/web/ssl/client.cer -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -storepass 111111

7 、查看證書庫中的全部證書

keytool -list -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -storepass 111111

二、Tomat配置
使用文本編輯器編輯${catalina.base}/conf/server.xml
找到Connector port="8443"的標籤，取消註釋，並修改成如下：

<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="true" sslProtocol="SSL"
keystoreFile="/opt/web/ssl/server.keystore" keystorePass="111111"
truststoreFile="/opt/web/ssl/server.keystore" truststorePass="111111" />

備註：
keystoreFile：指定服務器密鑰庫，可以配置成絕對路徑，如“/opt/web/ssl/server.keystore”。
keystorePass：密鑰庫生成時的密碼
truststoreFile：受信任密鑰庫，和密鑰庫相同即可
truststorePass：受信任密鑰庫密碼

三、建立演示項目
項目結構圖：
項目名稱：SSL（隨意）

1. SSLServlet.java

package ian.wang.ssl.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;

public class SSLServlet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final String ATTR_CER = "javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate";
    private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8";
    private static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
    private static final String SCHEME_HTTPS = "https";

    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
        response.setCharacterEncoding(DEFAULT_ENCODING);
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.println("cmd=["+request.getParameter("cmd")+"], data=["+request.getParameter("data")+"]");
        X509Certificate[] certs = (X509Certificate[]) request.getAttribute(ATTR_CER);
        if (certs != null) {
            int count = certs.length;
            out.println("共檢測到[" + count + "]個客戶端證書");
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                out.println("客戶端證書 [" + (++i) + "]： ");
                out.println("校驗結果：" + verifyCertificate(certs[--i]));
                out.println("證書詳細：\r" + certs[i].toString());
            }
        } else {
            if (SCHEME_HTTPS.equalsIgnoreCase(request.getScheme())) {
                out.println("這是一個HTTPS請求，但是沒有可用的客戶端證書");
            } else {
                out.println("這不是一個HTTPS請求，因此無法獲得客戶端證書列表 ");
            }
        }
        out.close();
    }

    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(request, response);
    }


    private boolean verifyCertificate(X509Certificate certificate) {
        boolean valid = false;
        try {
            certificate.checkValidity();
            valid=true;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return valid;
    }
}

2. web.xml

說明：該演示項目強制使用了SSL，即普通的HTTP請求也會強制重定向爲HTTPS請求，配置在最下面，可以去除，這樣HTTP和HTTPS都可以訪問。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
    <session-config>
        <session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
    </session-config>
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SSLServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>ian.wang.ssl.servlet.SSLServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SSLServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/sslServlet</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    <!-- 強制SSL配置，即普通的請求也會重定向爲SSL請求 -->
    <security-constraint>
        <web-resource-collection>
            <web-resource-name>SSL</web-resource-name>
            <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <!-- 全站使用SSL -->
        </web-resource-collection>
        <user-data-constraint>
            <description>SSL required</description>
            <!-- CONFIDENTIAL: 要保證服務器和客戶端之間傳輸的數據不能夠被修改，且不能被第三方查看到 -->
            <!-- INTEGRAL: 要保證服務器和client之間傳輸的數據不能夠被修改 -->
            <!-- NONE: 指示容器必須能夠在任一的連接上提供數據。（即用HTTP或HTTPS，由客戶端來決定） -->
            <transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>
        </user-data-constraint>
    </security-constraint>
</web-app>


3. index.jsp

<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
  <title>客戶端證書上傳</title>
  <meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
  <meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
</head>
<body>
<form action="sslServlet" method="post">
  <input type="submit" value="提交證書"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>


四、演示及配置
發佈演示項目，通過瀏覽器訪問： http://127.0.0.1:8080/SSL 或 https://127.0.0.1:8443/SSL ，提示無法訪問，需要導入客戶端SSL證書：
雙擊“client.p12”或在瀏覽器的工具，輸入生成密鑰時的客戶端密碼“222222”,刷新瀏覽器即可正常訪問了。

五、HttpClient模擬SSL Post請求

1. HttpClientUtil.java

package ian.wang.ssl.util;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.util.*;

public class HttpClientUtil {

    private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_JKS = "jks";
    private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12 = "PKCS12";
    private static final String SCHEME_HTTPS = "https";
    private static final int HTTPS_PORT = 8443;
    private static final String HTTPS_URL = "https://localhost:8443/sslServlet";
    private static final String KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH = "/opt/web/ssl/client.p12";
    private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH = "/opt/web/ssl/client.truststore";
    private static final String KEY_STORE_PASSWORD = "222222";
    private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD = "222222";

    public static void main(String[] args){
        String url=HTTPS_URL;
        Map params=new HashMap();
        params.put("cmd","test");
        params.put("data","證書1");
        String charset="utf-8";
        doSSLPost( url, params,  charset);
    }

    private static void doSSLPost(String url, Map<String, String> map, String charset) {
        HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
        String result = null;
        try {
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12);
            KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_JKS);
            InputStream ksIn = new FileInputStream(KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH);
            InputStream tsIn = new FileInputStream(new File(KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH));
            try {
                keyStore.load(ksIn, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
                trustStore.load(tsIn, KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
            } finally {
                try {
                    ksIn.close();
                } catch (Exception ignore) {
                }
                try {
                    tsIn.close();
                } catch (Exception ignore) {
                }
            }
            SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD, trustStore);
            Scheme sch = new Scheme(SCHEME_HTTPS, HTTPS_PORT, socketFactory);
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(sch);
            HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
            //設置參數
            if (map != null) {
                List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
                Iterator iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
                while (iterator.hasNext()) {
                    Map.Entry<String, String> elem = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
                    list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));
                }
                httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset));
            }
            HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
            if (response != null) {
                HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
                if (resEntity != null) {
                    result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset);
                }
            }
            System.out.println("result={" + result + "}");
        }catch(Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
        }
    }
}

六、使用瀏覽器訪問 https應用截圖

1. 打開瀏覽器，訪問測試網址：https://101.231.124.155:8443/ssl , 由於該應用配置了 Tomcat SSL雙向認證，需要客戶端提供證書文件導入成功了，才能正常訪問。在Firefox 瀏覽器中，導入客戶端證書, 在 Firefox 選項 - 高級 - 證書 中， 點擊 查看證書。