java tomcat 搭建SSL双向认证以及httpclient代码
一、生成密钥库和证书
可参考以下密钥生成脚本,根据实际情况做必要的修改,其中需要注意的是:服务端的密钥库参数“CN”必须与服务端的IP地址相同,否则会报错,客户端的任意。
key.script
1 、生成服务器证书库
keytool -validity 365 -genkey -v -alias server -keyalg RSA -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -dname "CN=localhost,OU=sumscope,O=sumscope,L=Pudong,ST=Shanghai,c=com" -storepass 111111 -keypass 111111
2 、生成客户端证书库
keytool -validity 365 -genkeypair -v -alias client -keyalg RSA -storetype PKCS12 -keystore /opt/web/ssl/client.p12 -dname "CN=client,OU=sumscope,O=sumscope,L=Pudong,ST=Shanghai,c=com" -storepass 222222 -keypass 222222
3 、从客户端证书库中导出客户端证书
keytool -export -v -alias client -keystore /opt/web/ssl/client.p12 -storetype PKCS12 -storepass 222222 -rfc -file /opt/web/ssl/client.cer
4 、从服务器证书库中导出服务器证书
keytool -export -v -alias server -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -storepass 111111 -rfc -file /opt/web/ssl/server.cer
5 、生成客户端信任证书库(由服务端证书生成的证书库)
keytool -import -v -alias server -file /opt/web/ssl/server.cer -keystore /opt/web/ssl/client.truststore -storepass 222222
6 、将客户端证书导入到服务器证书库(使得服务器信任客户端证书)
keytool -import -v -alias client -file /opt/web/ssl/client.cer -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -storepass 111111
7 、查看证书库中的全部证书
keytool -list -keystore /opt/web/ssl/server.keystore -storepass 111111
二、Tomat配置
使用文本编辑器编辑${catalina.base}/conf/server.xml
找到Connector port="8443"的标签,取消注释,并修改成如下:
<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"
maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"
clientAuth="true" sslProtocol="SSL"
keystoreFile="/opt/web/ssl/server.keystore" keystorePass="111111"
truststoreFile="/opt/web/ssl/server.keystore" truststorePass="111111" />
备注:
keystoreFile:指定服务器密钥库,可以配置成绝对路径,如“/opt/web/ssl/server.keystore”。
keystorePass:密钥库生成时的密码
truststoreFile:受信任密钥库,和密钥库相同即可
truststorePass:受信任密钥库密码
三、建立演示项目
项目结构图:
项目名称:SSL(随意)
1. SSLServlet.java
package ian.wang.ssl.servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
public class SSLServlet extends HttpServlet {
private static final String ATTR_CER = "javax.servlet.request.X509Certificate";
private static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "text/plain;charset=UTF-8";
private static final String DEFAULT_ENCODING = "UTF-8";
private static final String SCHEME_HTTPS = "https";
public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType(CONTENT_TYPE);
response.setCharacterEncoding(DEFAULT_ENCODING);
PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
out.println("cmd=["+request.getParameter("cmd")+"], data=["+request.getParameter("data")+"]");
X509Certificate[] certs = (X509Certificate[]) request.getAttribute(ATTR_CER);
if (certs != null) {
int count = certs.length;
out.println("共检测到[" + count + "]个客户端证书");
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
out.println("客户端证书 [" + (++i) + "]: ");
out.println("校验结果:" + verifyCertificate(certs[--i]));
out.println("证书详细:\r" + certs[i].toString());
}
} else {
if (SCHEME_HTTPS.equalsIgnoreCase(request.getScheme())) {
out.println("这是一个HTTPS请求,但是没有可用的客户端证书");
} else {
out.println("这不是一个HTTPS请求,因此无法获得客户端证书列表 ");
}
}
out.close();
}
public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
doGet(request, response);
}
private boolean verifyCertificate(X509Certificate certificate) {
boolean valid = false;
try {
certificate.checkValidity();
valid=true;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return valid;
}
}
2. web.xml
说明:该演示项目强制使用了SSL,即普通的HTTP请求也会强制重定向为HTTPS请求,配置在最下面,可以去除,这样HTTP和HTTPS都可以访问。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<session-config>
<session-timeout>30</session-timeout>
</session-config>
<servlet>
<servlet-name>SSLServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>ian.wang.ssl.servlet.SSLServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>SSLServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/sslServlet</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 强制SSL配置,即普通的请求也会重定向为SSL请求 -->
<security-constraint>
<web-resource-collection>
<web-resource-name>SSL</web-resource-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> <!-- 全站使用SSL -->
</web-resource-collection>
<user-data-constraint>
<description>SSL required</description>
<!-- CONFIDENTIAL: 要保证服务器和客户端之间传输的数据不能够被修改,且不能被第三方查看到 -->
<!-- INTEGRAL: 要保证服务器和client之间传输的数据不能够被修改 -->
<!-- NONE: 指示容器必须能够在任一的连接上提供数据。(即用HTTP或HTTPS,由客户端来决定) -->
<transport-guarantee>CONFIDENTIAL</transport-guarantee>
</user-data-constraint>
</security-constraint>
</web-app>
3. index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!doctype html>
<html lang="zh-cn">
<head>
<title>客户端证书上传</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
</head>
<body>
<form action="sslServlet" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="提交证书"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
四、演示及配置
发布演示项目,通过浏览器访问: http://127.0.0.1:8080/SSL 或 https://127.0.0.1:8443/SSL ,提示无法访问,需要导入客户端SSL证书:
双击“client.p12”或在浏览器的工具,输入生成密钥时的客户端密码“222222”,刷新浏览器即可正常访问了。
五、HttpClient模拟SSL Post请求
1. HttpClientUtil.java
package ian.wang.ssl.util;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.conn.scheme.Scheme;
import org.apache.http.conn.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.util.*;
public class HttpClientUtil {
private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_JKS = "jks";
private static final String KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12 = "PKCS12";
private static final String SCHEME_HTTPS = "https";
private static final int HTTPS_PORT = 8443;
private static final String HTTPS_URL = "https://localhost:8443/sslServlet";
private static final String KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH = "/opt/web/ssl/client.p12";
private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH = "/opt/web/ssl/client.truststore";
private static final String KEY_STORE_PASSWORD = "222222";
private static final String KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD = "222222";
public static void main(String[] args){
String url=HTTPS_URL;
Map params=new HashMap();
params.put("cmd","test");
params.put("data","证书1");
String charset="utf-8";
doSSLPost( url, params, charset);
}
private static void doSSLPost(String url, Map<String, String> map, String charset) {
HttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient();
String result = null;
try {
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_P12);
KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(KEY_STORE_TYPE_JKS);
InputStream ksIn = new FileInputStream(KEY_STORE_CLIENT_PATH);
InputStream tsIn = new FileInputStream(new File(KEY_STORE_TRUST_PATH));
try {
keyStore.load(ksIn, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
trustStore.load(tsIn, KEY_STORE_TRUST_PASSWORD.toCharArray());
} finally {
try {
ksIn.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
try {
tsIn.close();
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}
}
SSLSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLSocketFactory(keyStore, KEY_STORE_PASSWORD, trustStore);
Scheme sch = new Scheme(SCHEME_HTTPS, HTTPS_PORT, socketFactory);
httpClient.getConnectionManager().getSchemeRegistry().register(sch);
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
//设置参数
if (map != null) {
List<NameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
Iterator iterator = map.entrySet().iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
Map.Entry<String, String> elem = (Map.Entry<String, String>) iterator.next();
list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(elem.getKey(), elem.getValue()));
}
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list, charset));
}
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
if (response != null) {
HttpEntity resEntity = response.getEntity();
if (resEntity != null) {
result = EntityUtils.toString(resEntity, charset);
}
}
System.out.println("result={" + result + "}");
}catch(Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
httpClient.getConnectionManager().shutdown();
}
}
}
六、使用浏览器访问 https应用截图
1. 打开浏览器,访问测试网址:https://101.231.124.155:8443/ssl , 由于该应用配置了 Tomcat SSL双向认证,需要客户端提供证书文件导入成功了,才能正常访问。在Firefox 浏览器中,导入客户端证书, 在 Firefox 选项 - 高级 - 证书 中, 点击 查看证书。