前言
確實好久沒有寫過了，一直以來把寫博文當作自己學習的總結，當作做過的筆記，隨時都可以拿出來看看。不過最近習慣了用OneNote和印象筆記，所以就很少在論壇寫博文。但是偶爾看到幾篇被轉載了，也小小的虛榮了下。這種虛榮大神們已經習以爲常，他們是不能理解的。
好吧，轉入正題。
參加工作從事Java Web開發將近兩年，也沒有完整的搭建出一個SSH框架的項目，說出來確實有點不好意思，並且前一段一個朋友問我搭建過SSH框架沒，我都沒有好意思說沒有。所以纔有了搭建一個SSH框架項目的想法，因此有了今天的這篇博文。
這篇博文的目的
- 嘗試搭建一個完整的SSH框架項目。
- 給以後的自己，也給別人一個參考。
讀博文前應該注意：
- 本文提綱：本文通過一個用戶註冊的實例講解SSH的整合。創建Struts項目，整合Hibernate，整合Spring。最後總結如何熟練創建SSH項目。
- 僅是創建SSH項目，對於其他的擴展例如Struts的國際化，Hibernate的緩存優化，Spring的AOP等，本博文涉及不到。想學習更多的東西請搜索其他博文。
- 本項目的環境：Windows 8-64位，Eclipse Indigo Service Release 2，Tomcat 7.0，Struts-2.2.3.1，spring-framework-3.2.3.RELEASE（本來使用Spring3.1，但是整合Spring的時候啓動服務器報錯。錯誤信息竟然是Spring框架中的方法參數空指針。。。對比Spring3.2版本後，發現在3.2種增加了判斷此參數是否爲空，所以最終改爲用Spring3.2.3的版本。詳細錯誤信息見本目錄下5），hibernate-release-4.0.0.CR6（整合Spring3時，可以啓動服務器，但是點擊註冊後調用UserDao類的getHibernateTemplate().save(Obj)時瀏覽器頁面報錯，但是服務器沒有反應。提示org.hibernate.SessionFactory中有沒有openSession(Interceptor
interceptor)
方法，但是Spring框架中的代碼Session session = (entityInterceptor != null ? sessionFactory.openSession(entityInterceptor) : sessionFactory.openSession())顯示用到該方法，雖然調用這段代碼的方法傳進來的entityInterceptor就爲null。。。網上搜索無果，所以最終在整合Spring的時候使用Hibernate-3.6.10.Final。詳細錯誤信息見本目錄下6），MySQL 5.5.28下的project數據庫。 - user表的創建腳本。
create table user( userId int auto_increment, userName varchar(16) not null, password varchar(16) not null, gender int not null, primary key(userId) ); - 使用Spring3.1時出現錯誤的詳細信息。
SEVERE: Context initialization failed org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1445) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:459) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:567) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:381) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.scanPackages(LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.java:138) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1504) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1442) ... 20 more 七月 13, 2013 6:48:44 下午 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'sessionFactory' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml]: Invocation of init method failed; nested exception is java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1445) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:522) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:459) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:225) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:291) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:193) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:567) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:913) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:464) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:381) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:283) at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:111) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334) at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603) at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722) Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.scanPackages(LocalSessionFactoryBuilder.java:138) at org.springframework.orm.hibernate4.LocalSessionFactoryBean.afterPropertiesSet(LocalSessionFactoryBean.java:294) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.invokeInitMethods(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1504) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.initializeBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1442) ... 20 more - 整合Spring時候，使用Hibernate時點擊註冊報錯信息。
java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:452) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly(DefaultActionInvocation.java:291) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:254) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:138) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:270) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:498) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91) root cause java.lang.NoSuchMethodError: org.hibernate.SessionFactory.openSession()Lorg/hibernate/classic/Session; org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.doGetSession(SessionFactoryUtils.java:323) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.SessionFactoryUtils.getSession(SessionFactoryUtils.java:235) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.getSession(HibernateTemplate.java:457) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.doExecute(HibernateTemplate.java:392) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.executeWithNativeSession(HibernateTemplate.java:374) org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTemplate.save(HibernateTemplate.java:683) com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao.saveObject(UserDao.java:12) com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl.regUser(UserManagerImpl.java:23) com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction.execute(RegisterAction.java:29) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:57) sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:601) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeAction(DefaultActionInvocation.java:452) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invokeActionOnly(DefaultActionInvocation.java:291) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:254) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:263) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:138) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:207) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:243) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:100) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:141) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:270) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:145) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:171) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:98) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:176) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:190) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:187) com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:248) org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:498) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.ExecuteOperations.executeAction(ExecuteOperations.java:77) org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:91)
創建Struts項目
創建工程
- 在Eclipse中創建一個Dynamic Web Project，本文項目名稱爲SSHProject。
- 把Struts內apps文件夾下的struts2-blank war包用壓縮工具解壓，然後把WEB-INF/lib內的jar包和WEB-INF下的web.xml文件分別複製到SSHProject項目下的WEB-INF/lib內和WEB-INF下。
- 在src目錄下創建相應package。
- 在WebContent下創建Register.jsp文件，並分別創建註冊成功和註冊失敗的Success.jsp和Fail.jsp。
操作完成後的結構如圖所示：
編寫代碼
- web.xml的內容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>SSH Project</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
- Register.jsp的內容。
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>User Register Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:form action="register">
<s:textfield name="user.username" label="用戶名"></s:textfield>
<s:password name="user.password" label="密碼"></s:password>
<s:select list="#{'1':'男','0':'女'}" listKey="key" listValue="value"
name="user.gender" label="性別" value="1"></s:select>
<s:submit value="註冊"></s:submit>
</s:form>
</body>
</html>- 用戶表單類UserForm.java的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.beans;
public class UserForm {
private String username;
private String password;
private int gender;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
public int getGender() {
return gender;
}
public void setGender(int gender) {
this.gender = gender;
}
}
- 註冊Action類RegisterAction.java的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
import com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public UserManager getUserManager() {
return userManager;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
this.setUserManager(new UserManagerImpl());
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
- 驗證文件RegisterAction-validation.xml的內容。該xml文件爲RegisterAction的驗證文件，命名格式固定，爲< ActionName >-validation.xml。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="GBK"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">
<validators>
<!-- 添加對用戶名的校驗 -->
<field name="user.username">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>用戶名不能爲空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>用戶名輸入不合法，必須爲長度在6~16中間的數字或字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
<!-- 添加對密碼的校驗 -->
<field name="user.password">
<field-validator type="requiredstring">
<param name="trim">true</param>
<message>密碼不能爲空</message>
</field-validator>
<field-validator type="regex">
<param name="expression"><![CDATA[(\w{6,16})]]></param>
<message>密碼輸入不合法，必須爲長度在6~16之間的數字或者字母</message>
</field-validator>
</field>
</validators>- 業務邏輯接口UserManaer.java的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.service;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
public interface UserManager {
public void regUser(UserForm user);
}
- 業務邏輯實現類UserManagerImpl.java的內容
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm user) {
}
}
- 配置文件struts.xml的內容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<package name="ynwi" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
Success.jsp和Fail.jsp僅僅只是一句提示註冊成功和失敗的話，這裏就不在列出。
運行效果
- 輸入訪問Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp後。
- 輸入用戶名和密碼不合法時。
- 註冊成功時。
在Struts基礎上整合Hibernate
整合Hibernate
- 將Hibernate內的lib/required下的jar包和lib/jpa下的jar包複製到SSHProject項目的lib目錄下。
- 在上面Struts項目的基礎上添加com.ynwi.ssh.dao和com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl包。分別創建BaseDao接口和UserDao類。
- 在數據庫中創建對應的表user來寫入要註冊的用戶。創建表的腳本見前言說明部分。
- 創建user表的Hibernate映射文件。因爲這裏要創建user表對應的POJO類，所以我這裏把之前com.ynwi.ssh.beans包改成com.ynwi.ssh.forms包，用來存放頁面傳過來的表單數據，新創建com.ynwi.ssh.beans包，用來創建POJO對象來對應數據庫中的表。路徑：POJO類同目錄。
- 建立Hibernate配置文件。路徑：src目錄下。
- 編寫Session工廠類。整合Spring後，數據源的創建和SessionFactory的創建都交給Spring去管理，就無需這個工廠類了，所以這裏我臨時創建在daoImpl包裏面。
- 修改業務邏輯實現類。
操作完成後的結構如圖所示：
編寫代碼
- 接口類BaseDao.java的內容。注意：接口裏的兩個get/set方法是爲了讓實現類覆蓋。這樣使用BaseDao dao = new UserDao()的時候，dao實體中有這兩個方法。
package com.ynwi.ssh.dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
public interface BaseDao {
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException;
public Session getSession();
public void setSession(Session session);
}
- 實現類UserDao.java的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao implements BaseDao {
private Session session;
@Override
public Session getSession() {
return session;
}
@Override
public void setSession(Session session) {
this.session = session;
}
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
session.save(obj);
}
}- 表user的POJO類User.java的內容，因爲跟UserForm.java內容差不多，所以不再列出。這個比UserForm.java多一個userId屬性，因爲在表user裏面有userId的column。在POJO類裏需要跟這個column有映射。
- POJO類User.java的Hibernate映射文件User.hbm.xml的內容。代碼<generator class="native"></generator>說明將根據本地數據庫的設置來創建userId，如MySQL中將表user的userId設置爲自動增長，則在保存記錄是，userId將自動增長。對於需要在程序中指定主鍵的值，則將generator的class屬性設置爲assigned。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd" >
<hibernate-mapping package="com.ynwi.ssh.beans">
<class name="User" table="user">
<id name="userId" column="userId">
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<property name="username" column="userName" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16"></property>
<property name="password" column="password" type="java.lang.String"
not-null="true" length="16" />
<property name="gender" column="gender" type="java.lang.Integer" length="1" />
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
- Hibernate配置文件Hibernate.cfg.xml的內容。
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
<session-factory>
<!-- Database connection settings -->
<property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
<property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/project</property>
<property name="connection.username">root</property>
<property name="connection.password">root</property>
<!-- JDBC connection pool (use the built-in) -->
<!-- <property name="connection.pool_size">1</property> -->
<!-- SQL dialect -->
<property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
<!-- Enable Hibernate's automatic session context management -->
<!-- <property name="current_session_context_class">thread</property> -->
<!-- Disable the second-level cache -->
<!-- <property name="cache.provider_class">org.hibernate.cache.internal.NoCacheProvider</property> -->
<!-- Echo all executed SQL to stdout -->
<property name="show_sql">true</property>
<!-- Drop and re-create the database schema on startup -->
<!-- <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> -->
<mapping resource="com/ynwi/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml"/>
</session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>- 工廠類SessionFactory的內容。（這是使用Hibernate4時候的SessionFactory，Hibernate3時候sessionFactory的創建估計會不一樣，請自行查閱。）
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
public class HibernateSessionFactory {
private static final String CFG_FILE_LOCATION = "/Hibernate.cfg.xml";
private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<Session>();
private static final Configuration cfg = new Configuration()
.configure(CFG_FILE_LOCATION);
private static ServiceRegistryBuilder builder = new ServiceRegistryBuilder()
.applySettings(cfg.getProperties());
private static ServiceRegistry registry;
private static SessionFactory sessionFactory;
public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = threadLocal.get();
if (session == null || session.isOpen() == false) {
if (sessionFactory == null) {
try {
registry = builder.buildServiceRegistry();
sessionFactory = cfg.buildSessionFactory(registry);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
session = sessionFactory.openSession();
threadLocal.set(session);
}
return session;
}
public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException {
Session session = threadLocal.get();
threadLocal.set(null);
if (session != null) {
session.close();
}
}
}
- 修改後的業務邏輯實現類的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.User;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.HibernateSessionFactory;
import com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
private Session session;
public UserManagerImpl() {
dao = new UserDao();
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
session = HibernateSessionFactory.currentSession();
dao.setSession(session);
// 獲取事務
Transaction ts = session.beginTransaction();
// 構造User對象
User user = new User();
user.setUsername(userForm.getUsername());
user.setPassword(userForm.getPassword());
user.setGender(userForm.getGender());
// 保存User對象
dao.saveObject(user);
// 提交事務
ts.commit();
// 關閉Session
HibernateSessionFactory.closeSession();
}
}
運行效果
- 輸入訪問Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp後。
- 點擊註冊前後數據庫裏面的數據。
在Struts + Hibernate項目中整合Spring
整合Spring
- 將Spring內libs目錄下包含所有的jar包（不需要複製結尾爲sources和javadoc的jar包）到SSHProject項目的lib目錄下。
- 編寫Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml。路徑：src目錄下，需要在web.xml配置context-param指定路徑，或者把該文件放在WEB-INF下，跟web.xml同目錄。這裏由於Spring配置數據源的需要，需要把Hibernate內lib/optional/c3p0下的c3p0-0.9.1.jar複製到lib不目下。
- 修改BaseDao和UserDao。在引入Spring後，需要用Spring進行統一的事務管理，數據源和sessionFactory都交給Spring去生成，因此接口類和實現類BaseDao和UserDao都需要做相應的修改。Spring提供了HibernateDaoSupport類來完成對數據的操作，因此UserDao在實現BaseDao的同時還需要繼承HibernateDaoSupport類。並將先前session的操作修改成HibernateTemplate（可通過getHibernateTemplate（）方法來獲得）的操作。
- 修改業務邏輯實現類。在沒有加入Spring之前，業務邏輯實現類的Session的獲得，dao的實例化，以及事務的管理都是該類執行管理的。加入Spring後，這些都交給Spring去管理。該類的dao的實例化由Spring注入。
- 修改用戶註冊的RegisterAction類。同樣，RegisterAction類中的userManager的實例化也由Spring注入。
- 刪除Hibernate的配置文件Hibernate.cfg.xml和工廠類HibernateSesseionFactory類。他們的工作已經交給Spring去做，已經不再有用。
- 修改web.xml，加載Spring。要想啓動時加載Spring的配置文件，需要在web.xml中配置對應的監聽器（listenser），並制定Spring的配置文件。
- 修改Struts的配置文件struts.xml。把原來指定的名爲register的action的class由原來的路徑變爲applicationContext.xml文件中該Action的id。
操作完成後的結構如圖所示：
編寫代碼
- Spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml的內容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 定義數據源的信息 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"
destroy-method="close">
<property name="driverClass">
<value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value>
</property>
<property name="jdbcUrl">
<value>jdbc:mysql://localhost/project</value>
</property>
<property name="user">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="password">
<value>root</value>
</property>
<property name="maxPoolSize">
<value>80</value>
</property>
<property name="minPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="initialPoolSize">
<value>1</value>
</property>
<property name="maxIdleTime">
<value>20</value>
</property>
</bean>
<!--定義Hibernate的SessionFactory -->
<!-- SessionFactory使用的數據源爲上面的數據源 -->
<!-- 指定了Hibernate的映射文件和配置信息 -->
<bean id="sessionFactory"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource">
<ref local="dataSource" />
</property>
<property name="mappingResources">
<list>
<value>com/ynwi/ssh/beans/User.hbm.xml</value>
</list>
</property>
<property name="hibernateProperties">
<props>
<prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
<prop key="show_sql">true</prop>
<prop key="hibernate.jdbc.batch_size">20</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
<property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
</bean>
<bean id="baseDao" class="com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl.UserDao">
<property name="sessionFactory">
<ref bean="sessionFactory" />
</property>
</bean>
<!--用戶註冊業務邏輯類 -->
<bean id="userManager" class="com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl.UserManagerImpl">
<property name="dao">
<ref bean="baseDao" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- 用戶註冊的Action -->
<bean id="regAction" class="com.ynwi.ssh.action.RegisterAction">
<property name="userManager">
<ref bean="userManager" />
</property>
</bean>
<!-- more bean definitions go here -->
</beans>- 修改後的接口類Dao和實現類UserDao的內容。
BaseDao.java
package com.ynwi.ssh.dao;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
public interface BaseDao {
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException;
}
package com.ynwi.ssh.daoImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
public class UserDao extends HibernateDaoSupport implements BaseDao {
@Override
public void saveObject(Object obj) throws HibernateException {
getHibernateTemplate().save(obj);
}
}
- 修改後的業務邏輯實現類UserManagerImpl的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.serviceImpl;
import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.springframework.beans.BeanUtils;
import com.ynwi.ssh.beans.User;
import com.ynwi.ssh.dao.BaseDao;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class UserManagerImpl implements UserManager {
private BaseDao dao;
public void setDao(BaseDao dao) {
this.dao = dao;
}
@Override
public void regUser(UserForm userForm) throws HibernateException {
User user = new User();
BeanUtils.copyProperties(userForm, user);
dao.saveObject(user);
}
}
- 修改後的用戶註冊Action類RegisterAction的內容。
package com.ynwi.ssh.action;
import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import com.ynwi.ssh.forms.UserForm;
import com.ynwi.ssh.service.UserManager;
public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private UserForm user;
private UserManager userManager;
public UserForm getUser() {
return user;
}
public void setUser(UserForm user) {
this.user = user;
}
public void setUserManager(UserManager userManager) {
this.userManager = userManager;
}
public String execute() {
try {
userManager.regUser(user);
return SUCCESS;
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
return ERROR;
}
}
}
- 修改後的web.xml的內容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_9" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
<display-name>SSH Project</display-name>
<filter>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>SSH</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
- 修改後的Struts配置文件struts.xml的內容。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
<struts>
<include file="struts-default.xml" />
<package name="ynwi" extends="struts-default">
<action name="register" class="regAction">
<result name="input">/Register.jsp</result>
<result name="success">/Success.jsp</result>
<result name="error">/Fail.jsp</result>
</action>
</package>
</struts>
運行結果
- 輸入訪問Register.jsp的地址http://localhost:9090/SSHProject/Register.jsp後。
- 點擊註冊前後數據庫裏面的數據。
總結
嘮叨
本來想創建Struts2 + Spring3 + Hibernate4的項目，結果行動之後才發現版本之間不兼容的現象挺嚴重（我自己是這麼認爲的，如果有大神看出來是我開發中出的問題導致麻煩告知下），不得不把Hibernate4換成Hibernate3。因爲中間換框架，所以導致此博文中整合Hibernate部分是否會報錯，不過最終的項目是可以執行的。我會把項目打包上傳到csdn資源上。可以點擊這裏下載。
如何快速開發SSH框架項目
- 創建Dynamic Web Project並且導入jar包。
- 我習慣上把classes文件夾由build文件夾內轉移到WEB-INF下。在項目上右鍵Build Path——〉Configure Build Path。設置Default output folder。
- 在WEB_INF下面創建web.xml並配置Struts的Filter和Spring的Listener。
- 在WEB-INF下面創建applicationContext.xml並配置數據源，sessionFactory，Transaction以及各Beans信息。
- 在src目錄下創建struts.xml用來配置action信息，模板可以從Struts空項目裏面拿。這裏的action對應的class應該爲applicationContext.xml內對應的class的bean的id。