1.1 分區
1.1.1 準備環境 添加兩塊100MG(0.1G)的硬盤
reboot 重啓服務器
查看硬盤是否添加成功
fdisk -l 命令
[root@oldboy-39 ~]# fdisk -l|grep "/dev/sd[abc]:"
Disk /dev/sda: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 106 MB, 106954752 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 106 MB, 106954752 bytes
1.1.2 創建分區的過程
fdisk給小於2TB磁盤進行分區（MBR）
parted 給大於2TB磁盤進行分區（GPT 小於2TB也可以用）
1.1.3 fdisk進行分區小於2TB的磁盤
【第一步】 fdisk -cu /dev/sdb
創建一個50M的主分區
[root@oldboy-39 ~]# fdisk -cu /dev/sdb -c 關掉DOS-compatible模式 -u在列出分區表時，在扇區中給出大小，而不是柱面
Device contains neither a valid DOS partitiontable, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier0xb58dc072.
Changes will remain in memory only, until youdecide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won'tbe recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): m ##顯示幫助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition ##刪除一個分區
l list known partition types
m print this menu ##顯示幫助
n add a new partition ##新建一個分區
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table ##顯示當前的分區信息（顯示分區表的信息）
q quitwithout saving changes ## 退出不保存
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit ## 保存退出
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help):
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended ## 擴展分區
p primary partition (1-4) ## 主分區
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-208895, default 2048): ##直接按回車
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-208895,default 208895): +50M ###分多大的空間（分50M）
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 106 MB, 106954752 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 102 cylinders, total208896 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb58dc072
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 104447 51200 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
【第二步】 先創建擴展在創建邏輯分區
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
e ##擴展分區
Partition number (1-4): 2
First sector (104448-208895, default 104448):
Using default value 104448
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G}(104448-208895, default 208895): ##剩多少給多少 按回車
Using default value 208895
Command (m for help): n ##新建分區
Command action
l logical (5 or over) ##邏輯分區
p primary partition (1-4)
l
First sector (106496-208895, default 106496): ##按回車
Using default value 106496
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G}(106496-208895, default 208895): +20 ##分20M的空間
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 106 MB, 106954752 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 102 cylinders, total208896 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xb58dc072
DeviceBoot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 104447 51200 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 104448 208895 52224 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 106496 147455 20480 83 Linux
Command (m for help):
實例1-1刪除分區
Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-5): 1
實例1-2把磁盤sdb的容量用了創建一個分區 /dev/sdb1 ,把這個分區掛載到/mnt
第一個里程碑-創建分區
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 106 MB, 106954752 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 102 cylinders, total 208896 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0c7ada8f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First sector (2048-208895, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-208895, default 208895):
Using default value 208895
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 106 MB, 106954752 bytes
64 heads, 32 sectors/track, 102 cylinders, total 208896 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0c7ada8f
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 2048 208895 103424 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w ##保存退出
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
第二個里程碑-通知系統 /dev/sdb磁盤的分區表修改了 變化了
partprobe/dev/sdb ##執行命令即可
第三個里程碑-格式化創建文件系統
[root@oldboy-39 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 ##格式化
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
25896 inodes, 103424 blocks
5171 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67371008
13 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
1992 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193,24577, 40961, 57345, 73729
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (4096 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accountinginformation: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every27 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
第四個里程碑-讓系統不對我們新創建的分區 進行磁盤檢查
[root@oldboy-39 ~]# tune2fs -c 0 -i 0 /dev/sdb1 ##-c掛載次數 -i 每個多少天
tune2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Setting maximal mount count to -1
Setting interval between checks to 0 seconds
第五個里程碑-掛載與檢查
[root@oldboy-39 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ ##掛載
[root@oldboy-39 ~]# df -h ##檢查
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 8.8G 1.5G 6.9G 18% /
tmpfs 491M 0 491M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 35M 146M 19% /boot
/dev/sdb1 94M 1.6M 88M 2% /mnt
第六個歷程碑-需要永久掛載
掛載命令放入到 /etc/rc.local 文件中
/etc/fstab