從Debian的官方網站下載(網絡安裝版的ISO鏡像):
- // http://www.debian.org/
- debian-500-i386-netinst.iso
設置網絡環境
- // 設置DNS,直接編輯/etc/resolv.conf 可以同時設置多個DNS
- nameserver 202.103.96.68
- nameserver 202.103.96.112
- // 設置IP,直接編輯/etc/network/interfaces
- // 採用固定IP:
- auto lo eth0
- iface lo inet loopback
- iface eth0 inet static
- address 192.168.6.243
- netmask 255.255.255.0
- broadcast 192.168.0.255
- gateway 192.168.6.1
- // 採用DHCP:
- auto eth0
- iface eth0 inet dhcp
- // 激活和終止網絡接口
- ifdown eth0
- ifup eth0
- // 上面的設定只有重啓網絡後纔會生效:
- /etc/init.d/networking restart
Debian 更新工具使用說明:
- apt-get update // 更新源列表
- apt-cache search xxx // 在源中搜索xxx軟件
- apt-get install xxx // 從源中安裝xxx軟件
- apt-get download xxx // 從源中下載xxx debian deb包
- apt-get source xxx // 從源中下載xxx的源碼包
- apt-get remove xxx // 刪除包
- dpkg -l // 查看已安裝的包
- // 清除:當使用 apt-get install 指令安裝套件,下載下來的 deb 會放置於
- // /var/cache/apt/archives, 使用 apt-get clean 指令可以將之清除,
- // 避免佔用硬盤空間
- apt-get clean
設定更新源
- // 在/etc/apt/sources.list中添加更新源:
- // 選擇一:
- deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian/ stable main non-free contrib
- deb http://debian.cn99.com/debian-non-US/ stable/non-US main contrib non-free
- // 選擇二:
- deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian etch main
- deb http://mirrors.163.com/debian lenny main contrib non-free
- // 從源獲得最新軟件列表:
- apt-get update
- apt-get install apt-spy // 安裝 apt-spy
- mv sources.list sources.list.bak // 備份老的源列表文件
- man apt-spy // 獲取詳細的使用方法
- // 更新您的鏡像列表文件 /var/lib/apt-spy/mirrors.txt
- apt-spy update
- // 在亞洲尋找速度最快的stable版鏡像, 並生成sources.list文件
- apt-spy -d stable -a Asia
- cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/apt-spy.list /etc/apt/sources.list
- // 更新源:
- apt-get update
安裝Telnet,SSH
- // 安裝telnet:
- apt-get install telnetd
- /etc/init.d/openbsd-inetd start
- // 安裝 openssh server:
- apt-get install openssh-server
- /etc/init.d/ssh restart
基本參數設定:
- # 打開顏色顯示:
- 修改/etc/profile
- alias ls='ls --color'
修改時區:
- // 安裝ntpdate
- apt-get install ntpdate
- // 設定主機時區:
- 編輯/etc/timezone,寫入Asia/Shanghai
- // 更新時間
- ntpdate 210.72.145.44
- cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
安裝vsftpd
- apt-get install vsftpd
- // 編輯/etc/vsftpd.conf
- 激活
- local_enable=YES
- write_enable=YES
- // 啓動 vsftpd
- /etc/init.d/vsftpd restart
安裝編輯工具vim:
- apt-get install vim-full
- // 編輯/etc/vim/vimrc文件
- 打開syntax on、set nu
安裝編譯,工程構建,調試工具
- /*
- * 說明:
- * build-essential: 基本編譯環境 (gcc, g++, libc, make等)
- * autoconf: 自動配置工具
- * automake: make相關
- * gdb: 調試工具
- */
- apt-get install build-essential
- apt-get install autoconf
- apt-get install automake
- apt-get install gdb
安裝開發文檔:
- /*
- * 說明:
- * manpages-dev: C/C++man幫助手冊
- * Binutils: 鏈接器(ld)、彙編器(as)、反彙編器(objdump)和檔案的工具(ar)
- * glibc-doc: GUN C標準庫文檔
- * stl-manual: 標準C++ STL模板文檔
- */
- apt-get install manpages-dev
- apt-get install binutils-doc
- apt-get install cpp-doc
- apt-get install gcc-doc
- apt-get install glibc-doc
- apt-get install libstdc++6-4.3-doc
- apt-get install stl-manual
Perl相關:
- // 安裝perl幫助文檔
- apt-get install perl-doc
- // 安裝通用模塊
- apt-get install libtext-template-perl
在VMware中增加新硬盤:
- 關閉VM中正在運行的虛擬系統
- 在虛擬機系統名稱上點擊右鍵-> Vitual Machine Settings
- 在虛擬機edit頁新增一個磁盤。
- 可以看見Hardware中出現了一塊新的硬盤HardDisk2.
- 啓動虛擬機,進入/dev目錄下ls,查看剛加的硬盤名稱。如: /dev/sdb
- 對/dev/sdb進行分區:fdisk /dev/sdb
- Command (m for help): m Help info
- Command (m for help): n Add a new partition
- Command (m for help): w Write table to disk and exit
- 格式化硬盤爲ext3分區格式:mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
- 檢查新分區是否存在:fdisk -l
- 修改/etc/fstab,使得剛新建的分區可以開機自動掛載。
- # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
- /dev/sdb1 /oracle ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1
- 重新啓動,查看結果:df -h
- /**
- * 嘗試Linux上各種文件系統。
- * 首先安裝必須的軟件
- */
- apt-get install reiserfsprogs // for reiserfs
- apt-get install jfsutils // for jfs
- apt-get install xfsdump // for xfs
- // 格式化/dev/md0爲reiserfs
- oracle:/oradata# mkfs.reiserfs /dev/md0
- mkfs.reiserfs 3.6.19 (2003 www.namesys.com)
- A pair of credits:
- Chris Mason wrote the journaling code for V3, which was enormously more useful
- to users than just waiting until we could create a wandering log filesystem as
- Hans would have unwisely done without him.
- Jeff Mahoney optimized the bitmap scanning code for V3, and performed the big
- endian cleanups.
- Nikita Danilov wrote most of the core balancing code, plugin infrastructure,
- and directory code. He steadily worked long hours, and is the reason so much of
- the Reiser4 plugin infrastructure is well abstracted in its details. The carry
- function, and the use of non-recursive balancing, are his idea.
- Guessing about desired format.. Kernel 2.6.26-2-686 is running.
- Format 3.6 with standard journal
- Count of blocks on the device: 6291408
- Number of blocks consumed by mkreiserfs formatting process: 8403
- Blocksize: 4096
- Hash function used to sort names: "r5"
- Journal Size 8193 blocks (first block 18)
- Journal Max transaction length 1024
- inode generation number: 0
- UUID: c20b05fb-bf1d-44f0-bd79-688fe0497991
- ATTENTION: YOU SHOULD REBOOT AFTER FDISK!
- ALL DATA WILL BE LOST ON '/dev/md0'!
- Continue (y/n):y
- Initializing journal - 0%....20%....40%....60%....80%....100%
- Syncing..ok
- Tell your friends to use a kernel based on 2.4.18 or later, and especially not a
- kernel based on 2.4.9, when you use reiserFS. Have fun.
- ReiserFS is successfully created on /dev/md0.
- // 掛載到/raid目錄,並檢查文件格式。
- oracle:/oradata# mount /dev/md0 /raid
- oracle:/oradata# df -T
- Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/mapper/oracle-root
- ext3 329233 139022 173213 45% /
- tmpfs tmpfs 258148 0 258148 0% /lib/init/rw
- udev tmpfs 10240 680 9560 7% /dev
- tmpfs tmpfs 258148 0 258148 0% /dev/shm
- /dev/sda1 ext2 233335 26271 194616 12% /boot
- /dev/mapper/oracle-home
- ext3 2789856 69796 2578340 3% /home
- /dev/mapper/oracle-tmp
- ext3 238003 6177 219538 3% /tmp
- /dev/mapper/oracle-usr
- ext3 2822096 687956 1990780 26% /usr
- /dev/mapper/oracle-var
- ext3 1350552 126452 1155492 10% /var
- /dev/mapper/optvg-optlv
- ext3 8252856 2579504 5254128 33% /opt
- /dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv
- ext3 8252856 252112 7581520 4% /oradata
- /dev/md0 reiserfs 25164860 32840 25132020 1% /raid
- // 將/dev/md0更換爲JFS格式
- oracle:/oradata# umount /raid/
- oracle:/oradata# mkfs.jfs /dev/md0
- mkfs.jfs version 1.1.12, 24-Aug-2007
- Warning! All data on device /dev/md0 will be lost!
- Continue? (Y/N) Y
- \
- Format completed successfully.
- 25165632 kilobytes total disk space.
- oracle:/oradata# mount /dev/md0 /raid/
- oracle:/oradata# df -T
- Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/mapper/oracle-root
- ext3 329233 139022 173213 45% /
- tmpfs tmpfs 258148 0 258148 0% /lib/init/rw
- udev tmpfs 10240 680 9560 7% /dev
- tmpfs tmpfs 258148 0 258148 0% /dev/shm
- /dev/sda1 ext2 233335 26271 194616 12% /boot
- /dev/mapper/oracle-home
- ext3 2789856 69796 2578340 3% /home
- /dev/mapper/oracle-tmp
- ext3 238003 6177 219538 3% /tmp
- /dev/mapper/oracle-usr
- ext3 2822096 687956 1990780 26% /usr
- /dev/mapper/oracle-var
- ext3 1350552 126452 1155492 10% /var
- /dev/mapper/optvg-optlv
- ext3 8252856 2579504 5254128 33% /opt
- /dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv
- ext3 8252856 252112 7581520 4% /oradata
- /dev/md0 jfs 25131892 3200 25128692 1% /raid
- 將/dev/md0更換爲xfs格式
- oracle:~# umount /dev/md0
- oracle:~# mkfs.xfs /dev/md0
- mkfs.xfs: /dev/md0 appears to contain an existing filesystem (jfs).
- mkfs.xfs: Use the -f option to force overwrite.
- oracle:~# mkfs.xfs -f /dev/md0
- meta-data=/dev/md0 isize=256 agcount=16, agsize=393200 blks
- = sectsz=4096 attr=2
- data = bsize=4096 blocks=6291200, imaxpct=25
- = sunit=16 swidth=48 blks
- naming =version 2 bsize=4096
- log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=3071, version=2
- = sectsz=4096 sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=0
- realtime =none extsz=196608 blocks=0, rtextents=0
- oracle:~# mount /dev/md0 /raid/
- oracle:~# df -T
- Filesystem Type 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
- /dev/mapper/oracle-root
- ext3 329233 139022 173213 45% /
- tmpfs tmpfs 258148 0 258148 0% /lib/init/rw
- udev tmpfs 10240 680 9560 7% /dev
- tmpfs tmpfs 258148 0 258148 0% /dev/shm
- /dev/sda1 ext2 233335 26271 194616 12% /boot
- /dev/mapper/oracle-home
- ext3 2789856 69796 2578340 3% /home
- /dev/mapper/oracle-tmp
- ext3 238003 6177 219538 3% /tmp
- /dev/mapper/oracle-usr
- ext3 2822096 687956 1990780 26% /usr
- /dev/mapper/oracle-var
- ext3 1350552 126460 1155484 10% /var
- /dev/mapper/optvg-optlv
- ext3 8252856 2579504 5254128 33% /opt
- /dev/mapper/oradatavg-oradatalv
- ext3 8252856 252112 7581520 4% /oradata
- /dev/md0 xfs 25152516 4832 25147684 1% /raid