centos 64位lnmp環境搭建

本文參考張宴blog

http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/

深藍色爲shell命令，默認黑色爲vi編輯內容，##後爲註釋

---------------------------------------------------------------

1.定時校正服務器時間

##修改系統的時區
rm -rf /etc/localtime
ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
yum install ntp
crontab -e
##加入一行：
*/15 * * * * ntpdate 210.72.145.44
## 210.72.145.44 爲中國國家授時中心服務器地址。

2.停止網卡對ipv6的支持

##修改相應配置文件，添加如下行到文尾：
vi /etc/modprobe.conf
alias net-pf-10 off
alias ipv6 off
##上述操作重啓後生效

3.讓系統運行在init 3的模式下

vi /etc/inittab
##表示當前缺省運行級別爲5(initdefault)；
id:5:initdefault: ← 將此處的5修改爲3,3爲字符模式。

 

4.禁用selinux （建議開啓，但權限需要額外的配置）

vi /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disable 禁用SeLinux
SELINUX=enforcing 使用SeLinux

 

5.利用CentOS Linux系統自帶的yum命令安裝、升級所需的程序庫
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ autoconf libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel krb5 krb5-devel libidn libidn-devel openssl openssl-devel openldap openldap-devel nss_ldap openldap-clients openldap-servers

#######################################
張宴blog中提到的所有開源軟件爲截止到2010年07月26日的最新穩定版。
nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
php-5.2.14.tar.gz
php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
memcache-2.2.5.tgz
mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
pcre-8.10.tar.gz
eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
ImageMagick.tar.gz
imagick-2.3.0.tgz

#######################################
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/nginx/nginx-0.8.46.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/php/php-5.2.14.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/phpfpm/php-5.2.14-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mysql/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/libiconv/libiconv-1.13.1.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mcrypt/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/memcache/memcache-2.2.5.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/mhash/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pcre/pcre-8.10.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/pdo/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://blog.s135.com/soft/linux/nginx_php/imagick/imagick-2.3.0.tgz
#######################################
整理本文中提到的所有開源軟件爲截止到 2011年10月5日 的最新穩定版。
nginx-1.0.8.tar.gz
php-5.2.17.tar.gz
php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
mysql-5.5.15.tar.gz
libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
memcache-2.2.6.tgz
mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
pcre-8.13.tar.gz
eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
ImageMagick.tar.gz
imagick-3.0.1.tgz

#######################################
mkdir -p /data0/software
cd /data0/software
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/nginx-1.0.8.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/php-5.2.17.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/memcache-2.2.6.tgz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/pcre-8.13.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget http://d.10vps.com/linux-soft/s135-lnmp/2011-10-05/imagick-3.0.1.tgz

#######################################

二、安裝PHP 5.2.17（FastCGI模式）
1、編譯安裝PHP 5.2.17所需的支持庫：

tar zxvf libiconv-1.14.tar.gz
cd libiconv-1.14/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
cd libmcrypt-2.5.8/
./configure
make
make install
/sbin/ldconfig
cd libltdl/
./configure --enable-ltdl-install
make
make install
cd ../../

tar zxvf mhash-0.9.9.9.tar.gz
cd mhash-0.9.9.9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

#######################################

ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.la /usr/lib/libmcrypt.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8 /usr/lib/libmcrypt.so.4.4.8
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.a /usr/lib/libmhash.a
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.la /usr/lib/libmhash.la
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so /usr/lib/libmhash.so
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2
ln -s /usr/local/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1 /usr/lib/libmhash.so.2.0.1
ln -s /usr/local/bin/libmcrypt-config /usr/bin/libmcrypt-config

tar zxvf mcrypt-2.6.8.tar.gz
cd mcrypt-2.6.8/
/sbin/ldconfig
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

#######################################
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2、編譯安裝MySQL 5.5.3-m3

/usr/sbin/groupadd mysql
/usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
tar zxvf mysql-5.5.3-m3.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.5.3-m3/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/ --enable-assembler --with-extra-charsets=complex --enable-thread-safe-client --with-big-tables --with-readline --with-ssl --with-embedded-server --enable-local-infile --with-plugins=partition,innobase,myisammrg
make && make install
chmod +w /usr/local/webserver/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql
cd ../

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

附：以下爲附加步驟，如果你想在這臺服務器上運行MySQL數據庫，則執行以下幾步。如果你只是希望讓PHP支持MySQL擴展庫，能夠連接其他服務器上的MySQL數據庫，那麼，以下兩步無需執行。

①、創建MySQL數據庫存放目錄

mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/data/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/
mkdir -p /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/
chown -R mysql:mysql /data0/mysql/

②、以mysql用戶帳號的身份建立數據表：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --basedir=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --datadir=/data0/mysql/3306/data --user=mysql

③、創建my.cnf配置文件：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/my.cnf

輸入以下內容：

引用
#######################################

[client]
character-set-server = utf8
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
character-set-server = utf8
replicate-ignore-db = mysql
replicate-ignore-db = test
replicate-ignore-db = information_schema
user    = mysql
port    = 3306
socket  = /tmp/mysql.sock
basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql
datadir = /data0/mysql/3306/data
log-error = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql_error.log
pid-file = /data0/mysql/3306/mysql.pid
open_files_limit    = 10240
back_log = 600
max_connections = 5000
max_connect_errors = 6000
table_cache = 614
external-locking = FALSE
max_allowed_packet = 32M
sort_buffer_size = 1M
join_buffer_size = 1M
thread_cache_size = 300
#thread_concurrency = 8
query_cache_size = 512M
query_cache_limit = 2M
query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k
default-storage-engine = MyISAM
thread_stack = 192K
transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED
tmp_table_size = 246M
max_heap_table_size = 246M
long_query_time = 3
log-slave-updates
log-bin = /data0/mysql/3306/binlog/binlog
binlog_cache_size = 4M
binlog_format = MIXED
max_binlog_cache_size = 8M
max_binlog_size = 1G
relay-log-index = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log-info-file = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
relay-log = /data0/mysql/3306/relaylog/relaylog
expire_logs_days = 30
key_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M
bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M
myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G
myisam_repair_threads = 1
myisam_recover

interactive_timeout = 120
wait_timeout = 120

skip-name-resolve
#master-connect-retry = 10
slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396

#master-host     =   192.168.1.2
#master-user     =   username
#master-password =   password
#master-port     =  3306

server-id = 1

innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:256M:autoextend
innodb_file_io_threads = 4
innodb_thread_concurrency = 8
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M
innodb_log_file_size = 128M
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120
innodb_file_per_table = 0

#log-slow-queries = /data0/mysql/3306/slow.log
#long_query_time = 10

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

#######################################

④、創建管理MySQL數據庫的shell腳本：

vi /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

輸入以下內容（這裏的用戶名admin和密碼moneypy接下來的步驟會創建）：
#######################################

 

#!/bin/sh

mysql_port=3306
mysql_username="admin"
mysql_password="moneypy"

function_start_mysql()
{
    printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
    /bin/sh /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
}

function_stop_mysql()
{
    printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
    /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_username} -p${mysql_password} -S /tmp/mysql.sock shutdown
}

function_restart_mysql()
{
    printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
    function_stop_mysql
    sleep 5
    function_start_mysql
}

function_kill_mysql()
{
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'bin/mysqld_safe' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
    kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep 'libexec/mysqld' | grep ${mysql_port} | awk '{printf $2}')
}

if [ "$1" = "start" ]; then
    function_start_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "stop" ]; then
    function_stop_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "restart" ]; then
function_restart_mysql
elif [ "$1" = "kill" ]; then
function_kill_mysql
else
    printf "Usage: /data0/mysql/${mysql_port}/mysql {start|stop|restart|kill}\n"
fi

#######################################
⑤、賦予shell腳本可執行權限：

chmod +x /data0/mysql/3306/mysql

⑥、啓動MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

⑦、通過命令行登錄管理MySQL服務器（提示輸入密碼時直接回車）：

/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p -S /tmp/mysql.sock

⑧、輸入以下SQL語句，創建一個具有root權限的用戶（admin）和密碼（moneypy）：

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'moneypy';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'admin'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY 'moneypy';

⑨、（可選）停止MySQL：

/data0/mysql/3306/mysql stop

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3、編譯安裝php-5.2.17（FastCGI模式）

tar zxvf php-5.2.17.tar.gz
gzip -cd php-5.2.17-fpm-0.5.14.diff.gz | patch -d php-5.2.17 -p1
cd php-5.2.17/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/php --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/webserver/php/etc --with-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql_config --with-iconv-dir=/usr/local --with-freetype-dir --with-jpeg-dir --with-png-dir --with-zlib --with-libxml-dir=/usr --enable-xml --disable-rpath --enable-discard-path --enable-safe-mode --enable-bcmath --enable-shmop --enable-sysvsem --enable-inline-optimization --with-curl --with-curlwrappers --enable-mbregex --enable-fastcgi --enable-fpm --enable-force-cgi-redirect --enable-mbstring --with-mcrypt --with-gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-openssl --with-mhash --enable-pcntl --enable-sockets --with-ldap --with-ldap-sasl --with-xmlrpc --enable-zip --enable-soap
make ZEND_EXTRA_LIBS='-liconv'
make install
cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
cd ../

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4、編譯安裝PHP5擴展模塊
#######################################

tar zxvf memcache-2.2.6.tgz
cd memcache-2.2.6/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar jxvf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --enable-eaccelerator=shared --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2.tgz
cd PDO_MYSQL-1.0.2/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/webserver/mysql
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf ImageMagick.tar.gz 
cd ImageMagick-6.7.2-9/
./configure
make
make install
cd ../

tar zxvf imagick-3.0.1.tgz
cd imagick-3.0.1/
/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/phpize
./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/webserver/php/bin/php-config
make
make install
cd ../

#######################################

5、修改php.ini文件
手工修改：查找/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini中的extension_dir = "./"
修改爲extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"
並在此行後增加以下幾行，然後保存：
extension = "memcache.so"
extension = "pdo_mysql.so"
extension = "imagick.so"

再查找output_buffering = Off
修改爲output_buffering = On

再查找; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0
修改爲cgi.fix_pathinfo=0，防止Nginx文件類型錯誤解析漏洞。

自動修改：若嫌手工修改麻煩，可執行以下shell命令，自動完成對php.ini文件的修改：

#######################################

sed -i 's#extension_dir = "./"#extension_dir = "/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/"\nextension = "memcache.so"\nextension = "pdo_mysql.so"\nextension = "imagick.so"\n#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i 's#output_buffering = Off#output_buffering = On#' /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; always_populate_raw_post_data = On#always_populate_raw_post_data = On#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini
sed -i "s#; cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#cgi.fix_pathinfo=0#g" /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

#######################################

6、配置eAccelerator加速PHP：

mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php.ini

按shift+g鍵跳到配置文件的最末尾，加上以下配置信息：

引用

#######################################

[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/webserver/php/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/eaccelerator.so"
eaccelerator.shm_size="64"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/usr/local/webserver/eaccelerator_cache"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="3600"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"

#######################################

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

7、創建www用戶和組，以及供moneypy.blog.51cto.com和www.51cto.com兩個虛擬主機使用的目錄：

/usr/sbin/groupadd www
/usr/sbin/useradd -g www www
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/blog
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/blog
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/blog
mkdir -p /data0/htdocs/www
chmod +w /data0/htdocs/www
chown -R www:www /data0/htdocs/www

8、創建php-fpm配置文件（php-fpm是爲PHP打的一個FastCGI管理補丁，可以平滑變更php.ini配置而無需重啓php-cgi）：
在/usr/local/webserver/php/etc/目錄中創建php-fpm.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/php/etc/php-fpm.conf

輸入以下內容（如果您安裝 Nginx + PHP 用於程序調試，請將以下的<value name="display_errors">0</value>改爲<value name="display_errors">1</value>，以便顯示PHP錯誤信息，否則，Nginx 會報狀態爲500的空白錯誤頁）：

#######################################

<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<configuration>

  All relative paths in this config are relative to php's install prefix

  <section name="global_options">

    Pid file
    <value name="pid_file">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.pid</value>

    Error log file
    <value name="error_log">/usr/local/webserver/php/logs/php-fpm.log</value>

    Log level
    <value name="log_level">notice</value>

    When this amount of php processes exited with SIGSEGV or SIGBUS ...
    <value name="emergency_restart_threshold">10</value>

    ... in a less than this interval of time, a graceful restart will be initiated.
    Useful to work around accidental curruptions in accelerator's shared memory.
    <value name="emergency_restart_interval">1m</value>

    Time limit on waiting child's reaction on signals from master
    <value name="process_control_timeout">5s</value>

    Set to 'no' to debug fpm
    <value name="daemonize">yes</value>

  </section>

  <workers>

    <section name="pool">

      Name of pool. Used in logs and stats.
      <value name="name">default</value>

      Address to accept fastcgi requests on.
      Valid syntax is 'ip.ad.re.ss:port' or just 'port' or '/path/to/unix/socket'
      <value name="listen_address">127.0.0.1:9000</value>

      <value name="listen_options">

        Set listen(2) backlog
        <value name="backlog">-1</value>

        Set permissions for unix socket, if one used.
        In Linux read/write permissions must be set in order to allow connections from web server.
        Many BSD-derrived systems allow connections regardless of permissions.
        <value name="owner"></value>
        <value name="group"></value>
        <value name="mode">0666</value>
      </value>

      Additional php.ini defines, specific to this pool of workers.
      <value name="php_defines">
        <value name="sendmail_path">/usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i</value>
        <value name="display_errors">0</value>
      </value>

      Unix user of processes
      <value name="user">www</value>

      Unix group of processes
      <value name="group">www</value>

      Process manager settings
      <value name="pm">

        Sets style of controling worker process count.
        Valid values are 'static' and 'apache-like'
        <value name="style">static</value>

        Sets the limit on the number of simultaneous requests that will be served.
        Equivalent to Apache MaxClients directive.
        Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_CHILDREN environment in original php.fcgi
        Used with any pm_style.
        <value name="max_children">128</value>

        Settings group for 'apache-like' pm style
        <value name="apache_like">

          Sets the number of server processes created on startup.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="StartServers">20</value>

          Sets the desired minimum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MinSpareServers">5</value>

          Sets the desired maximum number of idle server processes.
          Used only when 'apache-like' pm_style is selected
          <value name="MaxSpareServers">35</value>

        </value>

      </value>

      The timeout (in seconds) for serving a single request after which the worker process will be terminated
      Should be used when 'max_execution_time' ini option does not stop script execution for some reason
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_terminate_timeout">0s</value>

      The timeout (in seconds) for serving of single request after which a php backtrace will be dumped to slow.log file
      '0s' means 'off'
      <value name="request_slowlog_timeout">0s</value>

      The log file for slow requests
      <value name="slowlog">logs/slow.log</value>

      Set open file desc rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_files">65535</value>

      Set max core size rlimit
      <value name="rlimit_core">0</value>

      Chroot to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chroot"></value>

      Chdir to this directory at the start, absolute path
      <value name="chdir"></value>

      Redirect workers' stdout and stderr into main error log.
      If not set, they will be redirected to /dev/null, according to FastCGI specs
      <value name="catch_workers_output">yes</value>

      How much requests each process should execute before respawn.
      Useful to work around memory leaks in 3rd party libraries.
      For endless request processing please specify 0
      Equivalent to PHP_FCGI_MAX_REQUESTS
      <value name="max_requests">1024</value>

      Comma separated list of ipv4 addresses of FastCGI clients that allowed to connect.
      Equivalent to FCGI_WEB_SERVER_ADDRS environment in original php.fcgi (5.2.2+)
      Makes sense only with AF_INET listening socket.
      <value name="allowed_clients">127.0.0.1</value>

      Pass environment variables like LD_LIBRARY_PATH
      All $VARIABLEs are taken from current environment
      <value name="environment">
        <value name="HOSTNAME">$HOSTNAME</value>
        <value name="PATH">/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin</value>
        <value name="TMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TMPDIR">/tmp</value>
        <value name="TEMP">/tmp</value>
        <value name="OSTYPE">$OSTYPE</value>
        <value name="MACHTYPE">$MACHTYPE</value>
        <value name="MALLOC_CHECK_">2</value>
      </value>

    </section>

  </workers>

</configuration>

#######################################

9、啓動php-cgi進程，監聽127.0.0.1的9000端口，進程數爲128（如果服務器內存小於3GB，可以只開啓64個進程），用戶爲www：

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start

注：/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm還有其他參數，包括：start|stop|quit|restart|reload|logrotate，修改php.ini後不重啓php-cgi，重新加載配置文件使用reload。

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

三、安裝Nginx 1.0.8
1、安裝Nginx所需的pcre庫：

tar zxvf pcre-8.13.tar.gz
cd pcre-8.13/
./configure
make && make install
cd ../

2、安裝Nginx

tar zxvf nginx-1.0.8.tar.gz
cd nginx-1.0.8/
./configure --user=www --group=www --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/nginx --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_ssl_module
make && make install
cd ../

3、創建Nginx日誌目錄

mkdir -p /data1/logs
chmod +w /data1/logs
chown -R www:www /data1/logs

4、創建Nginx配置文件
①、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建nginx.conf文件：

rm -f /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

輸入以下內容：

引用

#######################################

user  www www;

worker_processes 8;

error_log  /data1/logs/nginx_error.log  crit;

pid        /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events
{
  use epoll;
  worker_connections 65535;
}

http
{
  include       mime.types;
  default_type  application/octet-stream;

  #charset  gb2312;
  server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
  client_header_buffer_size 32k;
  large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
  client_max_body_size 8m;
  sendfile on;
  tcp_nopush     on;

  keepalive_timeout 60;

  tcp_nodelay on;

  fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
  fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
  fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
  fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
  fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

  gzip on;
  gzip_min_length  1k;
  gzip_buffers     4 16k;
  gzip_http_version 1.0;
  gzip_comp_level 2;
  gzip_types       text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
  gzip_vary on;

  #limit_zone  crawler  $binary_remote_addr  10m;

  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  moneypy.blog.51cto.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/blog;

    #limit_conn   crawler  20;   
    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {     
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }
    location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
    {
      expires      30d;
    }

    location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
    {
      expires      1h;
    }   

    log_format  access  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
              '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
              '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/access.log  access;
      }

  server
  {
    listen       80;
    server_name  www.51cto.com;
    index index.html index.htm index.php;
    root  /data0/htdocs/www;

    location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$
    {     
      #fastcgi_pass  unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;
      fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
      fastcgi_index index.php;
      include fcgi.conf;
    }

    log_format  wwwlogs  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
               '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
               '"$http_user_agent" $http_x_forwarded_for';
    access_log  /data1/logs/wwwlogs.log  wwwlogs;
  }

}

#######################################

②、在/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/目錄中創建fcgi.conf文件：

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/fcgi.conf

輸入以下內容：

引用

#######################################

fastcgi_param  GATEWAY_INTERFACE  CGI/1.1;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_SOFTWARE    nginx;

fastcgi_param  QUERY_STRING       $query_string;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_METHOD     $request_method;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_TYPE       $content_type;
fastcgi_param  CONTENT_LENGTH     $content_length;

fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME    $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_NAME        $fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param  REQUEST_URI        $request_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_URI       $document_uri;
fastcgi_param  DOCUMENT_ROOT      $document_root;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PROTOCOL    $server_protocol;

fastcgi_param  REMOTE_ADDR        $remote_addr;
fastcgi_param  REMOTE_PORT        $remote_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_ADDR        $server_addr;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_PORT        $server_port;
fastcgi_param  SERVER_NAME        $server_name;

# PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect
fastcgi_param  REDIRECT_STATUS    200;

#######################################

5、啓動Nginx

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

四、配置開機自動啓動Nginx + PHP  + mysql

vi /etc/rc.local

在末尾增加以下內容：

引用

ulimit -SHn 65535
/usr/local/webserver/php/sbin/php-fpm start
/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx
/data0/mysql/3306/mysql start

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

五、優化Linux內核參數

vi /etc/sysctl.conf

在末尾增加以下內容：

引用

#######################################

# Add
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65536
net.core.netdev_max_backlog =  32768
net.core.somaxconn = 32768

net.core.wmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_default = 8388608
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216

net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2
net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries = 2

net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
#net.ipv4.tcp_tw_len = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1

net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 94500000 915000000 927000000
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 3276800

#net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
#net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 1024  65535

#######################################

使配置立即生效：

/sbin/sysctl -p

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

六、在不停止Nginx服務的情況下平滑變更Nginx配置
1、修改/usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf配置文件後，請執行以下命令檢查配置文件是否正確：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

如果屏幕顯示以下兩行信息，說明配置文件正確：
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
the configuration file /usr/local/webserver/nginx/conf/nginx.conf was tested successfully

2、平滑重啓：
①、對於Nginx 0.8.x版本，現在平滑重啓Nginx配置非常簡單，執行以下命令即可：

/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

②、對於Nginx 0.8.x之前的版本，平滑重啓稍微麻煩一些，按照以下步驟進行即可。輸入以下命令查看Nginx主進程號：

ps -ef | grep "nginx: master process" | grep -v "grep" | awk -F ' ' '{print $2}'

屏幕顯示的即爲Nginx主進程號，例如：
6302
這時，執行以下命令即可使修改過的Nginx配置文件生效：

kill -HUP 6302

或者無需這麼麻煩，找到Nginx的Pid文件：

kill -HUP `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

七、編寫每天定時切割Nginx日誌的腳本
1、創建腳本/usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

vi /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh

輸入以下內容：

引用

#######################################

#!/bin/bash
# This script run at 00:00

# The Nginx logs path
logs_path="/usr/local/webserver/nginx/logs/"

mkdir -p ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/
mv ${logs_path}access.log ${logs_path}$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y")/$(date -d "yesterday" +"%m")/access_$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d").log
kill -USR1 `cat /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid`

#######################################

2、設置crontab，每天凌晨00:00切割nginx訪問日誌

crontab -e

輸入以下內容：

引用

00 00 * * * /bin/bash  /usr/local/webserver/nginx/sbin/cut_nginx_log.sh