源碼安裝mariadb-10.0.12
1.獲取源碼包
mariadb-10.0.12.tar.gz
2.編譯環境準備
# yum groupinstall -y Development Tools # yum install -y ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl
3.創建mysql用戶
# groupadd mysql # useradd -s /sbin/nologin -g mysql -M mysql # id mysql uid=500(mysql) gid=500(mysql) groups=500(mysql) #創建數據庫數據存放目錄； # mkdir /mydata/data -pv # chown mysql:mysql /mydata/data/ -R
4.編譯安裝mariadb-10.0.12
解壓源碼包：
# tar xf mariadb-10.0.12.tar.gz
cmake編譯指令介紹：
指定安裝文件的安裝路徑時常用的選項：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc
默認編譯的存儲引擎包括：csv、myisam、myisammrg和heap。若要安裝其它存儲引擎，可以使用類似如下編譯選項：
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
若要明確指定不編譯某存儲引擎，可以使用類似如下的選項：
-DWITHOUT_<ENGINE>_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 比如： -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1
如若要編譯進其它功能，如SSL等，則可使用類似如下選項來實現編譯時使用某庫或不使用某庫：
-DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0
其它常用的選項：
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci -DWITH_DEBUG=0 -DENABLE_PROFILING=1
如果想清理此前的編譯所生成的文件，則需要使用如下命令：
#make clean #rm CMakeCache.txt
編譯安裝MariaDB：
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DWITH_SSL=system \ -DWITH_ZLIB=system \ -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
或者：
# cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mydata/data -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_READLINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system -DWITH_ZLIB=system -DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
或者：
#./BUILD/compile-pentium64-max
編譯完成後安裝數據庫：
# make # make install
備註：
-DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql //安裝目錄 -DINSTALL_DATADIR=/mydata/data //數據庫存放目錄 -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 //使用utf8字符 -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci //校驗字符 -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=all //安裝所有擴展字符集 -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 //允許從本地導入數據
注意事項：
重新編譯時，需要清除舊的對象文件和緩存信息。 #make clean #rm -f CMakeCache.txt #rm -rf /etc/my.cnf 錯誤：Curses library not found. Please install appropriate package, 解決方案： 先安裝 ncurses-devel 包 yum install ncurses-devel 再刪除剛纔編譯生成的 CMakeCache.txt 文件 rm CMakeCache.txt 再次執行一次cmake ... 一般都可以順利安裝的。
5.配置安裝MariaDB
# cd /usr/local/mysql/ # scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mydata/data # ls /mydata/data/ aria_log.00000001 ib_logfile0 mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.state aria_log_control ib_logfile1 mysql-bin.000002 performance_schema ibdata1 mysql mysql-bin.index test
6.mariadb配置文件創建及更改，有模版
# mkdir /etc/mysql # cp support-files/my-large.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf # vim /etc/mysql/my.cnf [mysqld] port = 3306 datadir = /mydata/data socket = /tmp/mysql.sock skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 1M table_open_cache = 256 sort_buffer_size = 1M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 8 query_cache_size= 16M # Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_file_per_table = on skip_name_resolve = on
創建服務腳本：
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld # chkconfig --list mysqld # chkconfig --add mysqld
啓動mysqld服務,測試啓動
# service mysqld start Starting MySQL. [ OK ]
7.設置環境變量：
]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql export PATH=$MYSQL_HOME/bin:$PATH
加載環境變量：
# source /etc/profile.d/mysqld.sh
連接MySQL
# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 4 Server version: 10.0.12-MariaDB-log Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> quit Bye
8.修改Mysql的root用戶密碼以及打開遠程連接
[root@tom2 mysql]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 10.0.12-MariaDB-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, SkySQL Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
#授權本地主機localhost登錄，並設置密碼；
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'localhost' identified by 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#授權本地ip地址127.0.0.1登錄，並設置密碼；
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all privileges on *.* to root@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'oracle';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
#切換數據庫到mysql；
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql
Database changed
#更新root用戶端管理密碼；
MariaDB [mysql]> update user set password = password('oracle') where User='root';
Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 4 Changed: 2 Warnings: 0
#查看root用戶授權的主機；
MariaDB [mysql]> select Host,User,Password from user where User='root';
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| Host | User | Password |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
| localhost | root | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| tom2.stu31.com | root | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| 127.0.0.1 | root | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| ::1 | root | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
+----------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
#查看數據庫中的所有主機；可以發現有兩個匿名主機，爲了安全我們需要刪除尼瑪主機；
MariaDB [mysql]> select user,host,password from user;
+------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user | host | password |
+------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root | localhost | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| root | tom2.stu31.com | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| root | 127.0.0.1 | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| root | ::1 | *2447D497B9A6A15F2776055CB2D1E9F86758182F |
| | localhost | |
| | tom2.stu31.com | |
+------+----------------+-------------------------------------------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [mysql]> \q
Bye9.我們使用MariaDB提供的安全設置腳本來進行數據庫安全配置；
MariaDB提供了一些配置腳本在
[root@tom2 mysql]# cd $MYSQL_HOME/bin [root@tom2 bin]# ls aria_chk mysqlbinlog mysql_plugin aria_dump_log mysqlbug mysql_secure_installation aria_ftdump mysqlcheck mysql_setpermission aria_pack mysql_client_test mysqlshow aria_read_log mysql_config mysqlslap innochecksum mysql_convert_table_format mysqltest msql2mysql mysqld mysql_tzinfo_to_sql myisamchk mysqld_multi mysql_upgrade myisam_ftdump mysqld_safe mysql_waitpid myisamlog mysqldump mysql_zap myisampack mysqldumpslow mytop my_print_defaults mysql_find_rows perror mysql mysql_fix_extensions replace mysqlaccess mysqlhotcopy resolveip mysqladmin mysqlimport resolve_stack_dump
我們使用mysql_secure_installation這個腳本來進行安全配置：
[root@tom2 bin]# mysql_secure_installation /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_secure_installation: line 379: find_mysql_client: command not found NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MariaDB SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MariaDB to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MariaDB, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none): OK, successfully used password, moving on... Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MariaDB root user without the proper authorisation. You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'. #改變root用戶的密碼； Change the root password? [Y/n] Y New password: Re-enter new password: Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. ... Success! By default, a MariaDB installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MariaDB without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. #移除匿名用戶； Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. #禁止root用戶遠程登錄； Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y ... Success! By default, MariaDB comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. #不移除test數據庫； Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] n ... skipping. Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. #重載授權表生效； Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y ... Success! Cleaning up... All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MariaDB installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MariaDB!
10.安全設置數據庫完成後我們就不能使用mysql登錄數據庫了；但是平常我們操作時使用mysql -u root -p這樣太麻煩了，爲了方便，我們可以在用戶家目錄創建一個擁有mysql用戶名和密碼的.my.cnf隱藏配置文件進行登錄數據庫；
設置密碼後使用mysql指令是禁止登錄了：
# mysql ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)
創建個隱藏文件在root家目錄：
[root@tom2 ~]# vim .my.cnf [mysql] user = root password = oracle host = 127.0.0.1
這樣我們就能實現mysql不輸入用戶名密碼直接登錄數據庫了，方便操作。
至此，源碼編譯安裝MariaDB數據庫就完成了。