1.切換前準備：
1.1主庫檢查：
1.1.1 FAL檢查
SQL> show parameter fal;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
fal_client string
fal_server string
SQL> alter system set fal_client='pri_1522';
SQL> alter system set fal_server='std_1522';
SQL> show parameter fal;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
fal_client string pri_1522
fal_server string std_1522
1.1.2 Standby文件自動管理
SQL> show parameter standby_file_management;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management string MANUAL
SQL> alter system set standby_file_management='auto';
SQL> show parameter standby_file_management;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management string auto
1.1.3 Convert參數設定
設定數據文件、重做日誌轉換目錄
SQL> show parameter convert;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /u01/app/oradata/testdb, /u01/
app/oradata/testdb
log_file_name_convert string /u01/app/archivelog/testdb, /u
01/app/archivelog/testdb
1.1.4 Log_archive_dest參數
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/u01/app/archivelog/t
estdb valid_for=(all_logfiles,
all_roles) db_unique_name=pri_
db
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=std_1522 lgwr sync val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_role) db_unique_name=std_db
1.2備庫檢查
1.2.1 FAL檢查
SQL> show parameter fal;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
fal_client string std_1522
fal_server string pri_1522
1.2.2 Standby文件自動管理
SQL> show parameter standby_file_management;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
standby_file_management string auto
1.2.3 Convert參數設定
SQL> show parameter convert;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string /u01/app/oradata/testdb, /u01/
app/oradata/testdb
log_file_name_convert string /u01/app/archivelog/testdb, /u
01/app/archivelog/testdb
1.2.4 Log_archive_dest參數
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_1;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_1 string location=/u01/app/archivelog/t
estdb valid_for=(all_logfiles,
all_roles) db_unique_name=std_
db
SQL> show parameter log_archive_dest_2;
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
log_archive_dest_2 string service=pri_1522 lgwr sync val
id_for=(online_logfiles,primar
y_role) db_unique_name=pri_db
1.2.5 確定日誌歸檔、force logging打開
SQL> SELECT log_mode, force_logging, open_mode FROM v$database;
LOG_MODE FOR OPEN_MODE
------------ --- --------------------
ARCHIVELOG YES READ ONLY
2.主庫切換成物理備庫
2.1檢查主庫狀態
2.1.1切換前查看主庫是否有GAP
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY RESOLVABLEGAP READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL> SELECT status, gap_status, dest_id FROM v$archive_dest_status WHERE dest_id=2;
STATUS GAP_STATUS DEST_ID
--------- ------------------------ ----------
VALID RESOLVABLE GAP 2
2.1.2有GAP，進行一次日誌切換
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> SELECT status, gap_status, dest_id FROM v$archive_dest_status WHERE dest_id=2;
STATUS GAP_STATUS DEST_ID
--------- ------------------------ ----------
VALID NO GAP 2
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY TOSTANDBY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
2.2備庫的狀態
SQL> SELECT switchover_status, database_role, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED READ ONLY WITH APPLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
2.3備庫取消應用日誌
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY SWITCHOVER PENDING READ ONLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
2.4主庫切換成物理備庫
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01507: database not mounted
2.5原備庫切換成新主庫
2.5.1查看狀態
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY SWITCHOVER PENDING READ ONLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
2.5.2原備庫需要應用日誌（因原主庫已發生切換產生了日誌）
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY READ ONLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
2.5.3原備庫切換成新主庫
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY NOTALLOWED MOUNTED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE UNPROTECTED
2.5.4新主庫（原備庫）置爲open狀態：
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY FAILED DESTINATION READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
到此原備庫已經切換成新的主庫了，原主庫已切換成新備庫並關閉。
3.新備庫管理
3.1啓動新備庫，並置於mount狀態
由於原主庫切換時已經關閉，需要重啓實例，並置於mount狀態：
SQL> ! ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle 28136 1 011:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_pmon_testdb
oracle 28138 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_vktm_testdb
oracle 28142 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_gen0_testdb
oracle 28144 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_diag_testdb
oracle 28146 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbrm_testdb
oracle 28148 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_psp0_testdb
oracle 28150 1 011:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_dia0_testdb
oracle 28152 1 011:10 ? 00:00:02 ora_mman_testdb
oracle 28154 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_dbw0_testdb
oracle 28156 1 011:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_lgwr_testdb
oracle 28158 1 011:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_ckpt_testdb
oracle 28160 1 011:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_smon_testdb
oracle 28162 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_reco_testdb
oracle 28164 1 011:10 ? 00:00:01 ora_mmon_testdb
oracle 28166 1 011:10 ? 00:00:00 ora_mmnl_testdb
oracle 28290 1 011:25 ? 00:00:00 ora_s001_testdb
oracle 28292 1 011:25 ? 00:00:00 ora_d000_testdb
oracle 28299 18875 0 11:29 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash -c ps -ef | grep ora_
oracle 28301 28299 0 11:29 pts/0 00:00:00 grep ora_
SQL> shutdown immediate;
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
3.2新備庫應用日誌：
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY MOUNTED MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
3.3新備庫狀態置爲open：
SQL> alter database open;
alter database open
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-10456: cannotopen standby database; media recovery session may be in progress
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
SQL> alter database open;
此處報錯是因爲備庫在應用日誌
3.4新備庫應用日誌：
3.4.1創建standby日誌組
如果不創建standby日誌組，應用日誌會報錯。
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-38500: USING CURRENT LOGFILE option not available without standby redo logs
建立Standby log來應用來自主庫（原備庫）日誌（11G新特性redo only with apply）
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 4 '/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo04.rdo' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 '/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo05.rdo' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 '/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo06.rdo' size 50m;
SQL> alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 '/u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo07.rdo' size 50m;
SQL> column member format a50;
SQL> SELECT * FROM v$logfile order by group#;
GROUP# STATUS TYPE MEMBER IS_
---------- ------- ------- --------------------------------------------- ---
1 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo01.rdo NO
2 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo02.rdo NO
3 ONLINE /u01/app/oradata/testdb/redo03.rdo NO
4 STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo04.rdo NO
5 STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo05.rdo NO
6 STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo06.rdo NO
7 STANDBY /u01/app/oradata/testdb/stdredo07.rdo NO
3.4.2新備庫應用日誌
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PHYSICAL STANDBY NOT ALLOWED READ ONLY WITH APPLY MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
4狀態檢查及數據驗證
4.1新主庫檢查
當新備庫（原主庫）啓動正常時，新主庫狀態就正常了。
4.1.1檢查新主庫是否有GAP
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY RESOLVABLE GAP READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
SQL> SELECT database_role, switchover_status, open_mode, protection_mode, protection_level FROM v$database;
DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS OPEN_MODE PROTECTION_MODE PROTECTION_LEVEL
---------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------------------
PRIMARY TOSTANDBY READ WRITE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE MAXIMUM PERFORMANCE
4.2數據驗證
4.2.1新主庫建表，並插入數據
SQL> SELECT username, account_status FROM dba_users WHERE username='HR';
USERNAME ACCOUNT_STATUS
------------------------------ --------------------------------
HR OPEN
SQL> create table hr.table2(id int, name varchar2(20));
SQL> insert into hr.table2 values (01, 'Active DataGuard');
1 row created.
SQL> SELECT * FROM hr.table2;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 Active DataGuard
SQL> commit;
4.2.2新備庫（原主庫）驗證
SQL> SELECT * FROM hr.table2;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
1 Active DataGuard